2012-2-MIS-Chap2v
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Transcript of 2012-2-MIS-Chap2v
2
Chap 2 Information Systems in the
Enterprise
2.1 Key System Applications in the Organization
2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective
2.3 Integrating Functions and Business Processes
2.4 International Information Systems
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Different kinds of systemsDifferent kinds of systems
Information systems that monitor the elementary activities and transactions of the organization .
Information systems that support knowledge and data workers in an organization.
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Operational-level systems
Knowledge-level systems
2.1
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Information systems that support the monitoring, controlling, decision making, and administrative activities of middle managers.
Information systems that support the long-range planning activities of senior management .
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Strategic-level systems
Management-level systems
Different kinds of systemsDifferent kinds of systems
2.1
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Major Types of SystemsMajor Types of Systems
• Executive Support Systems (ESS)Executive Support Systems (ESS)
• Decision Support Systems (DSS)Decision Support Systems (DSS)
• Management Information Systems (MIS)Management Information Systems (MIS)
• Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)
• Office Automation Systems (OAS)Office Automation Systems (OAS)
• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
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Computerized systems that perform and record the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct the business; they serve the organization’s operational level.
TPS – Transaction Processing Systems
Six Major Types of SystemsSix Major Types of Systems
2.1
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TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONSSales & Marketing Systems
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: Sales Management ; Market Research ; Promotion ; Pricing ; New Products
MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: Sales Order Info System ; Market Research System ; Pricing System
See Fig. 2-4Fig. 2-4 ( p.43 )
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TPS – TPS – Transaction Processing SystemsTransaction Processing Systems
Manufacturing Plant scheduling Material movement control Machine control
Finance Securities trading Cash management
2.1
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Accounting Payroll Account payable Account receivable
Human Resources Compensation Training & development Employee record keeping
TPS – TPS – Transaction Processing SystemsTransaction Processing Systems
2.1
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Information systems that aid knowledge workers in the creation and integration of new knowledge in the organization .
KWS – knowledge work systems
Six Major Types of SystemsSix Major Types of Systems
2.1
Example: Engineering work station
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OAS – office automation systems
Computer systems, such as word processing, electronic mail systems, and scheduling systems, that are designed to increase the productivity of data workers in the office .
Six Major Types of SystemsSix Major Types of Systems
2.1
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Information systems at the management level of organization that serve the functions of planning, controlling, and decision making by providing routine summary and exception reports.
MIS – Management Information Systems
Six Major Types of SystemsSix Major Types of Systems
2.1
Example: Annual budgetingExample: Annual budgeting
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• Structured and semi-structured decisionsStructured and semi-structured decisions
• Report control orientedReport control oriented
• Past and present dataPast and present data
• Internal orientationInternal orientation
MISMIS
2.1
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TPS DATA FOR MIS APPLICATIONS
Fig 2-5: How management information systems obtain their data the from the organization’s TPS .
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Information systems at the management level of an organization that combine data and sophisticated analytical models to support non-routine decision making.
DSS – Decision Support Systems
Six Major Types of SystemsSix Major Types of Systems
2.1
Example:Example: Contract cost analysisContract cost analysis
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Sales and marketing
Sales management Sales region analysis
Manufacturing Inventory control Production scheduling
MIS & DSSMIS & DSS
2.1
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Finance Annual budgeting Cost analysis
Accounting Capital investment analysis Pricing / profitability analysis
Human Resource Relocation analysis Contract cost analysis
MIS & DSSMIS & DSS
2.1
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Information system at the organization’s strategic level designed to address unstructured decision making through advanced graphics and communications.
ESS – Executive Support Systems
Six Major Types of SystemsSix Major Types of Systems
2.1
Example: 5-year operating planExample: 5-year operating plan
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• Top level managementTop level management
• Designed to the individualDesigned to the individual
• Ties CEO to all levelsTies CEO to all levels
• Very expensive to keep upVery expensive to keep up
• Extensive support staffExtensive support staff
ESSESS
2.1
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Sales and marketing Sales trend forecasting
Manufacturing Operating plan
Finance Budget forecasting
Accounting Profit planning
Human Resource Personnel planning
ESSESS
2.1
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Characteristics of Different Types Characteristics of Different Types of Information Systemsof Information Systems
Information inputs
Processing
Information outputs
Users
See Table 2-1Table 2-1 ( p.41 )
2.1
28Fig 2-9: Interrelationships among systems
2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective
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SALES & MARKETING SYSTEMS
MANUFACTURING & PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
FINANCE & ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS
HUMAN RESOURCES SYSTEMS
2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective
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2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective
Major functions of systems:Major functions of systems: Sales management, market research, promotion, Sales management, market research, promotion,
pricing, new productspricing, new products
Major application systems:Major application systems: Sales order info system, market research system, Sales order info system, market research system,
pricing systempricing system
Sales and MarketingSales and Marketing Systems Systems
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2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective
Major functions of systems:Major functions of systems: Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, receiving, Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, receiving,
engineering, operationsengineering, operations
Major application systems:Major application systems: Materials resource planning systems, purchase Materials resource planning systems, purchase
order control systems, engineering systems, order control systems, engineering systems, quality control systemsquality control systems
Manufacturing and ProductionManufacturing and Production Systems Systems
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2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective
Major functions of systems:Major functions of systems: Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost
accountingaccounting
Major application systems:Major application systems: General ledger, accounts receivable, accounts General ledger, accounts receivable, accounts
payable, budgeting, funds management systemspayable, budgeting, funds management systems
Financing and AccountingFinancing and Accounting Systems Systems
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2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective
Major functions of systems:Major functions of systems: Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor
relations, trainingrelations, training
Major application systems:Major application systems: Payroll, employee records, benefit systems, Payroll, employee records, benefit systems,
career path systems, personnel training systemscareer path systems, personnel training systems
Human ResourceHuman Resource Systems Systems
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Business processes Business processes
Manner in which work is organized, coordinated, Manner in which work is organized, coordinated, and focused to produce a valuable product or serviceand focused to produce a valuable product or service
Concrete work flows of material, information, and Concrete work flows of material, information, and knowledge—sets of activitiesknowledge—sets of activities
Unique ways to coordinate work, information, and Unique ways to coordinate work, information, and knowledgeknowledge
Ways in which management chooses to coordinate Ways in which management chooses to coordinate workwork
2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems
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Manufacturing and production:Manufacturing and production: Assembling Assembling product, checking quality, producing bills of product, checking quality, producing bills of materialsmaterials
Sales and marketing:Sales and marketing: Identifying customers, Identifying customers, creating customer awareness, sellingcreating customer awareness, selling
Examples of Business ProcessesExamples of Business Processes
2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems
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Cross-Functional Business Cross-Functional Business ProcessesProcesses
2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems
Fig. 2-12 The Order Fulfillment Process
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Information systems help organizationsInformation systems help organizations
Achieve great efficiencies by automating Achieve great efficiencies by automating parts of processes parts of processes
Rethink and streamline processesRethink and streamline processes
2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM)Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Manages all ways used by firms to deal withexisting and potential new customers
Uses information system to coordinate entire business processes of a firm
Provides end-to-end customer care
Provides a unified view of customer across the company
Consolidates customer data from multiple sources and provides analytical tools for answering questions
2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems
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2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Figure 2-13
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2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems
Supply Chain Management (SCM)Supply Chain Management (SCM)
•Close linkage and coordination of activities involved in buying, making, and moving a product
•Integrates supplier, manufacturer, distributor, and customer, logistics, time
•Reduces time, redundant effort, and inventory costs
•Network of organizations and business processes
•Helps in procurement of materials, transformation of raw materials into finished products
•Helps in distribution of the finished products to customers• Includes reverse logistics - returned items flow in the
reverse direction from the buyer back to the seller
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•Decide when, what to produce, store, moveDecide when, what to produce, store, move
•Rapidly communicate orders Rapidly communicate orders
•Communicate orders, track order statusCommunicate orders, track order status
•Check inventory availability, monitor levelsCheck inventory availability, monitor levels
•Track shipments Track shipments
•Plan production based on actual demand Plan production based on actual demand
•Rapidly communicate product design changeRapidly communicate product design change
•Provide product specificationsProvide product specifications
•Share information about defect rates, returnsShare information about defect rates, returns
2.3 How Information Systems Facilitate Supply Chain Management