2011 WATER SYSTEM AUDIT ROCHESTER, NH

2011 WATER SYSTEM AUDIT

ROCHESTER, NH

November 2011

- Zo

2011 ROCHESTER WATER AUDIT

ROCHESTER, NH

NOVEMBER 2011

Prepared By:

Wright-Nerce 230 Commerce Way, Suite 302

Portsmouth, NH 03801

12167A i Wright-Pierce

2011 WATER SYSTEM AUDIT

ROCHESTER, NH

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................... ES-1

2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 2-1

3 WATER SUPPLIED ......................................................................... 3-1

4 AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION ..................................................... 4-1

5 WATER LOSSES ............................................................................. 5-1

6 UNAVOIDABLE ANNUAL REAL LOSSES ......................................... 6-1

7 AWWA WATER BALANCE SOFTWARE SUMMARY SHEET………………. 7-1

TABLES

TABLE DESCRIPTION PAGE

ES-1 FY2010 Water Audit Summary......................................................... ES-2

ES-2 FY2010 Water Audit Summary......................................................... ES-3

ES-3 2000 Water Audit Report Summary.................................................. ES-3

ES-4 FY2010 Water Audit Financial Impacts............................................. ES-5

ES-5 2000 Water Audit Report Financial Impacts...................................... ES-5

ES-6 2000 Water Audit Report Financial Impacts Transposed with 2010

Water Rates and Costs ..................................................................... ES-6

ES-7 Residential and Commercial Water Meter Simple Payback Period..... ES-6

4-1 Rochester Water Customer Summary................................................ 4-1

4-2 Consumption by Water User Type.................................................... 4-2

4-3 FY 2010 Billed Metered and Unmetered Consumption ..................... 4-2

4-4 Unbilled, Unmetered Water Use Summary....................................... 4-3

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.)

12167A ii Wright-Pierce

APPENDICES

APPENDIX DESCRIPTION PAGE

APPENDIX A - Water Audit Definitions………………………………….................... A-1

APPENDIX B - SENSUS Omni and iPerl Water Meter Product Information ............. B-1

APPENDIX C - Rochester Residential Meter Bench Testing Results ........................ C-1

APPENDIX D - Unavoidable Real Losses and Apparent Losses Calculations………. D-1

APPENDIX E - Rochester Finish Water Master Meter Testing Certification............... E-1

SECTION 1

Executive Summary and Recommendations

12167A ES - 1 Wright-Pierce

SECTION 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The 2011 Water Audit Report for Rochester, NH details the procedures, approach and findings of

activities Wright-Pierce staff conducted to quantify water production, consumption and losses in

the Rochester municipal water supply system. This water audit can be considered analogous to a

financial audit where water introduced into the system can be thought of as income and water

consumption and losses thought of as expenses.

Tasks conducted for this audit included sorting and compiling pertinent City water billing records,

analyzing and interpreting water use data, and estimating water losses. This water audit data was

used as input into American Water Works Associations (AWWA) water audit software program to

determine industry standard water use categories and their respective quantities.

Lastly, the 2011 water audit results were compared to the 2000 Rochester water audit report and

recommended activities to increase Rochester's water use efficiency over the next decade were

indentified.

A growing priority for many New Hampshire communities is to identify opportunities that cut

annualized water system operations expenses and to preserve available water resources for future

generations and economic growth. Environmental regulations are also becoming more stringent to

permit new sources of supply. It is far less expensive to repair a unit volume worth of leaks in the

existing distribution system than it is to design, permit, construct and maintain the same unit

volume of a new water supply facility.

Since the 2000 Water Audit report, programs and procedures enacted by the City of Rochester's

elected officials and personnel were as follows:

Water meters were installed on previously unmetered services.

Replacement of outdated positive displacement Neptune meters with state of the art

electromagnetic Sensus i-Perl meters for small commercial and residential customers.


Replaced all 29 industrial water meters with state of the art electromagnetic Sensus Omni

meters.

Eliminated seven of the eight "bleeds" in the distribution system. These bleeds were active

for several years as means to sustain good water quality.

Kept records of water use during spring and fall water main flushing activities.

Conducted a leak detection survey and promptly repaired leaks.

Continued in-house bench testing of residential meters for accuracy that were replaced

with Sensus i-Perl meters.

The approach and methods to quantify values in conjunction with the Rochester Water Audit were

done so adhering to the American Water Works Association (AWWA) Manual of Water Supply

Practices M36, "Water Audits and Loss Control Programs". A publically available water audit

software program developed by AWWA's Water Loss Control Committee was the nucleus of our

water audit supplemented by records furnished by the City. Any assumptions needed to estimate

metered consumption (e.g. percentages of low, medium and high flows for residential meters) or

unregistered consumption of water that are not referenced by the AWWA Manual were researched

from prior case studies of other utilities serving approximately the same population.

Because the Rochester finance office keeps water billing records on a fiscal year basis that begins

on July 1st of each year, the year of record for the 2011 Water Audit is based on information

obtained from the City for Fiscal Year 2010, which started on July 1, 2009 and ended on June 30,

2010. A general breakdown of the City's registered water usage, authorized non-revenue use and

losses are summarized in the table below:

Table ES - 1FY2010 Water Audit Summary

City of Rochester, NH

Water Use Category Annual Quantity % of Total Input

Volume Supplied to System 786 MG 100 %

Revenue Volume 595 MG 76 %

Unbilled Authorized Use 35 MG 4 %

Meter Inaccuracy & Apparent Losses 17 MG 2 %

Distribution System Leaks (Real Losses) 139 MG 18 %


For comparison, below is the same table with water production and water use data from the 2011

fiscal year. In January 2011, the City found a leak near the Rochester Fairgrounds estimated to be

discharging ~100 to 150 gpm. In reviewing the FY2011 data, the repair of this leak is projected to

reduce the real losses in the system by ~48 MG annually.

Table ES - 2FY2011 Water Audit Summary








For comparison, below is the same table with water production and water use data from the 2000

water audit.

Table ES - 32000 Water Audit Report Summary








It is important to note that because of the system improvements described above, Rochester has

made great strides in improving its water system efficiency when comparing the 2000 water audit

data to the 2010 water audit data, as summarized below:

Revenue Water Volume increased from 62% to 76% ( 14 % increase)

Meter Inaccuracy and Apparent Losses decreased from 9 % to 2 % ( 7 % decrease)


Distribution leaks decreased from 27 % to 18 % ( 9 % decrease)

As part of the study, Wright-Pierce performed a volumetric calibration check of the finished water

flowmeter. For the clearwell drawdown test, we had Rochester Water Operators isolate the

clearwell from the GAC filter channel. The common filter channel had to remain online for the

drawdown test. Tape measured depth measurements in the clearwell were logged at the start and

end of a ten minute period. Flow exiting the clearwell was fixed manually at pre-set open position

of 57% that corresponded to a flow of 2.60 mgd. The totalized flow meter volume was within the

0.4% of the calculated volume drawn from the clearwell. Rochester should contract with a

qualified instrumentation technician to confirm our findings via third party.

The AWWA Water Loss Control Committee, developer of the Water Audit Software also created a

formula upon which water systems can reference for benchmarking a baseline expected leak

volume due to the water system's characteristics. This volume is known as the Unavoidable

Annual Real Losses (UARL) and should be a goal for the City of Rochester. Routine leak surveys

and timely repairs are instrumental in achieving this theoretical loss volume. The UARL formula

takes into account the following:

Total length of water system mains

Number of service connections

Total length of customer service lines

Average water system pressure

Based on the UARL formula, in theory Rochester could reduce its annual real losses to 61 million

gallons per year or 7.7% of System Input Volume. Hence, Rochester could reasonably pare real

losses by 78 MG/yr or approximately 150 gpm. Unavoidable Annual Real Loss Calculations can

be found in Appendix D.

The City retained a vendor to complete a general and pin-point leak survey per the contract

specifications. The entire water distribution system was supposed to be subject to acoustics testing

and leak correlation. In July of 2011, Wright-Pierce finally received the pin-point leak estimates.

Re-calculating the daily numbers into an annualized volume, their total leak estimate is 19 MG.

The loss estimate falls well below the real loss volume in the AWWA water audit software table.


(138.7 MG). In January 2011 the City found a leak near the Rochester Fairgrounds estimated to be

discharging ~100 to 150 gpm. In reviewing the 2011 data the repair of this leak is projected to

reduce the real losses in the system by ~50 MG annually.

According to the 2010 Water Operations Budget, the variable unit cost to produce treated water

i.e., (chemicals and power, no labor or equipment maintenance) equated to $420/MG. Applying

that unit cost towards the real losses once all pin-pointed leaks are repaired, the City could realize

around $33,000 in future chemical and power savings at the treatment plant project.

The financial impact to the water system operations budget by unregistered flows through meters

and leaks within the distribution system are summarized in the Table ES-3 below. To compare the

FY2010 with 2000 Water Audit financials, the variable unit cost was adjusted for inflation

according to the Consumer Price Index. The 2000 variable unit cost to produce water (chemicals

and power, no labor or equipment maintenance) modified per the CPI computes to $320/MG.

Table ES - 4FY2010 Water Audit Financial Impacts


Item Category / Description Volume Lost Revenue / Costs

RevenueUnder Registering Water Meters1 17 MG $61,620ExpensesDistribution System Leaks 139 MG $58,380

Total Budgetary Impact $120,0001Based on a metered rate of $4.19/100 ft3.

Table ES - 52000 Water Audit Report Financial Impacts




Total Budgetary Impact $411,4351Based on an assumed metered rate of $3.00/100 ft3.


Had the City not acted to address the 2000 non-revenue statistics, the table below reflects

ballooning revenue loss and expenses. Presumably, meter inaccuracy would worsen over the ten

year interval thus making the numbers even more profound.

Table ES - 62000 Water Audit Report Financial Impacts Transposed with 2010 Water Rates and Costs




Total Budgetary Impact $567,6901Based on a metered rate of $4.19/100 ft3.

As mentioned earlier, since 2000, Rochester has implemented a water meter change out program

where aging and often under registering residential and commercial water meters have been

replaced with state-of-the-art electromagnetic Sensus i-Perl meters. To date, Rochester has invested

approximately $ 970,400.00 for these new meters and reduced lost revenue from under registering

water meters from approximately $328,875 in 2000 to approximately $61,620 in 2011.

Conservatively assuming annual revenue losses from under-registering meters of $328,875 had the

meter change-out program not been implemented (actual annual revenue losses would have been

greater as the water rate increased from 2000 to 2010), the simple pay back period for the meter

change out program is:

$ 970,400 divided by $328,875/ yr = approximately 3 years

Table ES - 7Residential and Commercial Water Meter Simple Payback Period


Item Category / Description Costs

Meter Replacement Investment $970,000

Annual Lost Revenue from old meters $328,875/yr

Simple Payback Period 3 years +/-


From our 2011 Water Audit investigation, Wright-Pierce recommends the City of Rochester

engage in the following activities:

Continue the residential and commercial meter replacement program of approximately

100 meters per year. Test, install and replace water meters in accordance with AWWA

Manual M6.

Consider more aggressively replacing the older Neptune meters to recover lost revenue. At

the current renewal rate, meters will be on a 15-year rotation. Track and trend meter tests

through the interval.

Hire a qualified instrumentation technician to volumetrically calibrate the raw and finished

water flow meters each year.

Perform a usage audit on the water treatment plant to assess production water efficiency

internal to the facility operations.

Contract with an experienced leak survey consultant now that several repairs eliminating

some major leaks were done between the year of record and this month. Check their

references on past performance and client satisfaction.

Conduct a leak detection survey on the cross country section of water main from the water

treatment plant to Estes Road. Isolate each section of the 24" and 20" transmission water

main for pressure drop monitoring. Verify a gate valve that prohibits water from flowing

back to the old intake building is closed and seated on the 20" transmission pipe.

Keep detailed records of distribution system leak repairs and estimated flow rate of former

leak.

Confirm hydrant flush rates of flow with a pitot gauge or diffuser combination.

Evaluate the economics of purchasing a leak correlator for in-house surveys.

Replace the meter at the Liberty Research Building, this meter is oversized and

underreporting.

SECTION 2

Introduction

12167A 2 - 1 Wright-Pierce

SECTION 2

INTRODUCTION

This water audit report presents the results of water accounting activities conducted on the

Rochester Water System for fiscal year 2010 ( July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010). This report updates a

water audit conducted for the City of Rochester in 2000. This audit was prepared in accordance

with American Water Works Association (AWWA) Manual of Water Supply Practices M36 3rd

edition dated 2009. Included for comparisons sake is the 2011 fiscal year AWWA water audit

worksheets.

Information used to develop this report was obtained from records maintained by Rochester Water

Treatment Plant staff, Rochester Water Distribution System staff, Rochester Fire Department,

Rochester Business & Finance Office, and Wright-Pierce.

The reader is encouraged to become familiar with the following AWWA water audit terms which

are defined in Appendix A.

System Input Volume

Authorized Consumption

Apparent Losses

Real Losses

Revenue Water

Non-Revenue Water

SECTION 3

Water Supplied


SECTION 3

WATER SUPPLIED

The Rochester Water System supply source is comprised of the Berry's River Dam and diversion

pipeline, the Round Pond Reservoir and the Rochester Reservoir. The diversion pipeline is

designed so that it can deliver water directly to the Rochester Reservoir, directly to the Round

Pond Reservoir, or from the Round Pond Reservoir to the Rochester Reservoir. A water treatment

plant is located on the east end of the Rochester Reservoir which is the sole source of potable

water for the water distribution system.

For fiscal year 2010, plant water production records indicate the following quantities of water

were introduced into the water system.

Month GallonsJuly, 2009 70,500,000August, 2009 75,950,000September, 2009 69,170,000October, 2009 67,050,000November, 2009 59,430,000December, 2009 59,220,000January, 2010 62,330,000February, 2010 56,460,000March, 2010 60,170,000April, 2010 59,270,000May, 2010 74,620,000June, 2010 75,310,000

FY 2010 Total Production (gallons) 789,480,000

The average daily production is 2.16 million gallons per day with maximum daily production of

4 million gallons per day and minimum daily production of 1.14 million gallons per day.

On July 20, 2011, Wright-Pierce conducted a volumetric calibration check on the finish water

master meter. This was accomplished by first comparing manual measurements of the clearwell

level to the electronic clearwell water level measured by the SCADA system. The two levels were

within 0.01 ft of each other. The clearwell discharge flow control valve was then set to a flow rate

12167A 3-2 Wright-Pierce

of 2.55 MGD as recorded by master meter. This flow rate equals the annualized average daily

flow of the water treatment plant.

The volume of water drawn down from the clearwell and the filter room channel was then

measured over a 10 minute period and determined to be 17,975 gallons. Totalized volume over

the same 10 minute period was recorded by the master meter to be 18,050 gallons. This test

indicates the master meter is over recording the amount of water introduced into the distribution

system by approximately 0.4 %. This level of accuracy is within the electromagnetic flow meter

industry stand of around 0.4% accuracy.

According to water treatment facility staff, the finish water meter is also calibrated for electronic

accuracy every year (see Appendix E for calibration certificates). Electronic calibration differs from

volumetric calibration in that during electronic calibration the magnitude of the meter's electronic

signals are compared against corresponding flow rates as established by the meter manufacturer.

For fiscal year 2010, the total quantity of water measured by the master meter was 789,480,000

gallons (789.48 million gallons). Since the volumetric calibration test determined the meter was

over recording by approximately 0.4 %, the volume needs to be reduced according to

786,322,000. For this audit, this volume is known as the System Input Volume.

SECTION 4

Authorized Consumption


SECTION 4

AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION

For the purposes of this audit, authorized consumption consists of the annual volume of metered

and unmetered water used by registered customers, water used by the City of Rochester and other

permissible users.

Authorized consumption is further is further described by the following sub-categories:

Billed Metered

Billed Unmetered

Unbilled Metered

Unbilled Unmetered

Billed Metered and Unmetered Consumption:

Billed metered consumption is the volume of water that has flowed through water customer

meters. Below is a table that describes the quantity and types of metered water customers in the

City of Rochester:

Table 4 - 1Rochester Water Customer Summary

Customer Type Status TotalActive Inactive Shut-Off

Residential1 6,443 287 105 6,835Commercial1 514 52 27 593Industrial1 24 5 - 29Government1 20 23 2 45School1 15 - 2 17Non-Profit1 28 6 - 34Flat Rate (unmetered)2 2 - - 2Elderly3 203 233 - 436Non-Billed4 25 2 - 27

Totals 7,274 608 136 8,0181Customers in this group are charged $ 4.29 per 100 cubic feet (748 gallons)2Flat rate is $114.79 per quarter. This rate is charged to Liberty Research in Gonic and to Fieldstone Village for each of its 100 units(total quarterly bill = $11,479.00).3The elderly discount rate is $1.85 per 100 cubic feet (748 gallons)4Metered but not billed accounts include the wastewater treatment plant, Adopt-A-Spots (13) cemetery (1), homes with water qualityissues (5). One meter at the Rochester Fair Grounds gets billed once per year after the Fall Fair, all other meters and events areexcluded.


Historically, water consumption as a percent of total use is broken out my category as follows:

Table 4 - 2Consumption by Water User Type

Customer Type Percent of Consumption

Residential 67 %Commercial 27 %

Industrial 2 %All Others 4 %

100%

Based on information supplied by the Rochester Business & Finance office, for Fiscal Year 2010,

billed metered and unmetered consumption was as follows:

Table 4 - 3FY2010 Billed Metered and Unmetered Consumption

Billed Type Billing Units(1 unit =100 cubic feet)

Million Gallons

Metered1 785,402 587.5Unmetered2 10,691 8.0

Totals 796,093 595.51Metered, billed consumption consists of residential, commercial, industrial, government, school, non-profit and elderly categories inTable 1.2Unmetered, billed consumption consists of the flat rate category in Table 1

Billed, metered consumption for this audit…………………………….587.5 million gallons

Billed, unmetered consumption for this audit…………………………..8.0 million gallons

Unbilled Metered Consumption

Unbilled metered consumption consists of water used by the Rochester Water Treatment Plant,

Rochester Wastewater Treatment Plant, Adopt-A-Spots (13) cemetery (1), homes with water quality

issues (5). One meter at the Rochester Fair Grounds gets billed once per year after the Fall Fair, all

other meters and events are excluded. This quantity was obtained from the Rochester Business

and Finance office.

Unbilled, unmetered consumption for this audit……………………..15.07 million gallons


Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

Unbilled unmetered consumption consists of water the City of Rochester uses for fire fighting and

fire training, public works maintenance activities, water main flushing and water quality "bleeds".

A water quality "bleed" is where water is allowed to flow constantly from a water main to improve

water quality in typically old cast iron water mains. Below is a table that describes Rochester's

unbilled, unmetered water consumption.

Table 4 - 4Unbilled, Unmetered Water Use Summary

Water Use Description Source of Estimate Annual Consumption(gallons)

Fire Fighting FY 2010 fires Frank Zombeck 60,000Fire Training FY2010 training Frank Zombeck 16,000Hydrant Flushing1 Semi-annual flushing Ken Henderson 15,633,000Vac Truck 2000 gpd/100 days Ken Henderson 200,000Jet Truck 500 gpd/100 days Ken Henderson 50,000Street Sweeper 1000 gpd/60 days Ken Henderson 60,000Western Ave. Bleed 7.5 gpm Ken Henderson 3,942,000

TOTAL 19,961,000

Unbilled, unmetered consumption for this audit………………………19.96 million gallons

1In the spring and fall every year, the Rochester Water Department flushes water mains to remove accumulated sediment in the pipesand to improve water quality. This is accomplished by opening fire hydrants in a systemic manner to cause water in the mains to flowat more than 5 ft/sec. Based on information from the Rochester Water Department, approximately 860 hydrants are included in theflushing program. The average flow from a hydrant is 1,820 gpm and is flushed for an average of 5 minutes.

SECTION 5

Water Losses


SECTION 5

WATER LOSSES

For the purposes of this audit, water losses are defined as the quantity of water represented by the

deference between the amount of water supplied and the amount of authorized consumption.

Water losses are described by the following sub-categories:

Apparent Losses

Real Losses

Apparent Losses:

Apparent losses is the volume of water that the system "loses" from customer meters that record

less water than is actually used, water accounting data handling errors, and unauthorized water

use (theft or illegal use). Over time, water meters, especially the mechanical nutating disc-style

meters, record less water than is actually used as the mechanical parts wear.

Residential and Commercial Meter Error

With regard to water meters, since about 1995, the City of Rochester has been replacing its

standard size water meters (5/8", ¾", 1" diameter) with meters that use state of the art

electromagnetic flow measurement technology. These new meters have no moving parts and

measure the electromagnetic field generated by moving water to measure flow. These meters

meet ANSI/AWWA standard C-700 and C-710 for accuracy and pressure loss requirements. See

Appendix B for information on these Sensus iPERL meters.

Because Rochester is in the middle of a meter replacement program, a meter error estimate will

need to be made on both the new Sensus electromagnetic meters and the old Neptune nutating

disc style water meters. According to Rochester Water Department staff, there are approximately

5,500 Sensus and 1,500 Neptune water meters used for residential and commercial customers in

the Rochester Water system. Approximately 100 old meters are replaced with new meters each

year.


Starting in 2007, the Rochester Water Department has bench tested old meters removed for flow

measurement accuracy. During a water meter bench test, a known volume of water is passed

through the meter at three different flow rates, specifically ¼ gallon per minute, 2 gallons per

minute, and 15 gallons per minute. The known volume for measurement is 1 cubic foot for the

¼ gpm and the 2 gpm tests, and 10 cubic feet for the 15 gpm test. 1 cubic foot equals 7.48

gallons.

Water meter testing results for 153 water meters tested in 2008 and 2009 are presented in

Appendix C. A few meters measured more water than the known volume and but most meters

on average measured less. Several meters were "dead" and measured no water at for all three flow

ranges. The majority of the meters under registered water use, particular at the low flow range.

Because flow measurement accuracy varies based on flow rate, overall meter accuracy needs to

be determined by applying a weighting factor to the three flow distributions, low (¼ gpm) medium

(2 gpm) and high (10 gpm). A 2011 AWWA study found that in Louisville, Kentucky, 18% of the

flow was in the low range, 73% in the medium range, and 9 % in the high range. These weighting

factors and the meter error were applied to the volume of flow measured by the approximately

1,500 Neptune meters that remain in the Rochester. From on-going bench testing being conducted

by Rochester, under-registering in the low flow range is 19%, in the medium range is 3% and in

the high range is 6%.

Calculations used to determine this amount are presented Appendix D.

Apparent Loss Estimate from Neptune water meter error.....………..7.2 million gallons

For the approximately 5,500 Sensus electromagnetic water meters, a similar weighting factor and

an error adjustment was performed. Because the Sensus meters are relatively new and known to

be accurate, a sample of these meters was not tested for this audit. Based on industry standards, a

5% error was applied to low flows and a 0% error was applied to medium and high flows.

Calculations used to determine this amount are presented Appendix D.

Apparent Loss Estimate from Sensus water meter error.....…….…..3.9 million gallons


Industrial Meter Error

For the approximately 24 - 2" or larger industrial water meters, the Rochester Water Department

has replaced all old industrial meters with OMNI electromagnetic water meters within the last two

years. Because these meters were recently installed, and industrial water use accounts for only 2%

of the total flow, a sample of these meters were not tested. Any water meter error associated with

these meters would be negligible for this audit.

Systematic Data Handling Errors

To account for human errors associated meter reading and billing errors, the AWWA recommends

a nominal volume of lost water be included in this category. For this audit, we have applied one

half of one percent (.5%) of the total system input volume for this category.

Apparent Loss Estimate from Data Handling Errors……….....………...4.0 million gallons

Unauthorized Consumption

Unauthorized consumption Includes water illegally withdrawn from hydrants, illegal connections,

bypasses to consumption meter or meter reading equipment tampering. This volume is typically

very low and difficult to quantify. Unless specific data exists, the AWWA recommends a default

value of 0.25% be applied to system input volume.

Apparent Loss Estimate from Unauthorized Consumption …………....1.97 million gallons

SECTION 6

Unavoidable Annual Real Losses


SECTION 6

UNAVOIDABLE ANNUAL REAL LOSSES

Municipal water supply distribution staff and engineers understand that no water system can

reduce its real losses (i.e., water main and service line leaks) to zero. There will always be leaks

that are too small to detect and leaks that may be cost prohibitive to repair.

The AWWA Water Loss Control Committee that developed the Water Audit Software also

developed a formula based on water system characteristics to estimate a realistic volume of water

that will leak from a water distribution system even if all of today's best available technology were

used to find and stop leaks. This formula uses the following system characteristics to estimate

these unavoidable annual real losses:

Total length of water system mains

Number of service connections

Total length of customer service lines

Average water system pressure

Based on this formula, in theory Rochester could reduce its annual real losses to as low as 60.8

million gallons per year. (7.7% of System Input Volume). Calculations used to determine this

amount are presented Appendix D.

Unavoidable Annual Real Losses………………………........…..….…..60.8 million gallons

SECTION 7

Water Balance

Water Audit Report for: City of Rochester, NH Reporting Year:

All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR

WATER SUPPLIED

Volume from own sources: 10 789.480 Million gallons (US)/yr (MG/Yr)Master meter error adjustment (enter positive value): 7 3.158

Water imported: n/a 0.000 MG/Yr

Water exported: n/a 0.000 MG/Yr

WATER SUPPLIED: 786.322 MG/Yr.

AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTIONBilled metered: 10 587.500 MG/Yr

Billed unmetered: 7 8.000 MG/YrUnbilled metered: 6 15.070 MG/Yr Pcnt: Value:

Unbilled unmetered: 9 19.960 MG/Yr 1.25% 24061

AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 630.530 MG/Yr

WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 155.792 MG/Yr

Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value:Unauthorized consumption: 5 1.970 MG/Yr 0.25%

Customer metering inaccuracies: 8 11.100 MG/Yr 6.00%Systematic data handling errors: 6 4.000 MG/Yr

Apparent Losses: 17.070

Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL)Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: 138.722 MG/Yr

WATER LOSSES: 155.792 MG/Yr

NON-REVENUE WATERNON-REVENUE WATER: 190.822 MG/Yr

= Total Water Loss + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered

SYSTEM DATA

Length of mains: 7 134.0 milesNumber of active AND inactive service connections: 10 8,000

Connection density: 60 conn./mile mainAverage length of customer service line: 8 40.0 ft

Average operating pressure: 8 70.0 psi

COST DATA

Total annual cost of operating water system: 9 $896,000 $/Year

Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): 8 $4.19Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): 6 $420.00 $/Million gallons

PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Financial IndicatorsNon-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: 24.3%Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: 18.8%

Annual cost of Apparent Losses: $95,613Annual cost of Real Losses: $58,263

Operational Efficiency Indicators

Apparent Losses per service connection per day: 5.85 gallons/connection/day

Real Losses per service connection per day*: 47.51 gallons/connection/day

Real Losses per length of main per day*: N/A

Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: 0.68 gallons/connection/day/psi

Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): 60.80 million gallons/year

From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL): 138.72 million gallons/year

2.28

* only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated

WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE:

PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION:

1: Master meter error adjustment

2: Unbilled metered

3: Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses)

19.960

AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet

FY 2010

over-registered

7/2009 - 6/2010

<< Enter grading in column 'E'

11.100

Choose this option to enter a percentage of

billed metered consumption. This is NOT a default value

1.970

Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components:

*** YOUR SCORE IS: 81 out of 100 ***

Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]:

MG/Yr

$/100 cubic feet (ccf)

A weighted scale for the components of consumption and water loss is included in the calculation of the Water Audit Data Validity Score

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Back to Instructions

Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades

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(pipe length between curbstop and customer meter or property boundary)

Use buttons to selectpercentage of water supplied

ORvalue

?Click here: for help using option buttons below

For more information, click here to see the Grading Matrix worksheet

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Copyright © 2010, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

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WAS v4.2

AWWA Water Loss Control Committee Reporting Worksheet 1

Water Audit Report For: Report Yr:

City of Rochester, NH FY 2010

Water Exported

0.000Billed Metered Consumption (inc. water exported)

Revenue Water

587.500Own Sources

Authorized Consumption 595.500 Billed Unmetered Consumption 595.500

8.000630.530 Unbilled Metered Consumption

15.070

786.322 35.030 Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

19.960Water Supplied Unauthorized Consumption 190.822

Apparent Losses 1.970786.322 17.070 Customer Metering Inaccuracies

11.100Systematic Data Handling Errors

Water Losses 4.000

Water Imported 155.792 Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains

Real Losses Not broken down

0.000 138.722 Leakage and Overflows at Utility's Storage Tanks

Not broken downLeakage on Service Connections

Not broken down

Non-Revenue Water (NRW)

AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software: Water Balance

Billed Authorized Consumption

Unbilled Authorized Consumption

(Adjusted for known errors)

Billed Water Exported

Copyright © 2010, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. WAS v4.2

AWWA Water Loss Control Committee Water Balance 1

Water Audit Report for: City of Rochester, NH Reporting Year:

All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR

WATER SUPPLIED

Volume from own sources: 10 783.200 Million gallons (US)/yr (MG/Yr)Master meter error adjustment (enter positive value): 7 3.158

Water imported: n/a 0.000 MG/Yr

Water exported: n/a 0.000 MG/Yr

WATER SUPPLIED: 780.042 MG/Yr.

AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTIONBilled metered: 10 609.020 MG/Yr

Billed unmetered: 7 8.000 MG/YrUnbilled metered: 6 15.070 MG/Yr Pcnt: Value:

Unbilled unmetered: 9 19.960 MG/Yr 1.25% 24061

AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 652.050 MG/Yr

WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 127.992 MG/Yr

Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value:Unauthorized consumption: 5 1.970 MG/Yr 0.25%

Customer metering inaccuracies: 8 11.300 MG/Yr 6.00%Systematic data handling errors: 6 4.000 MG/Yr

Apparent Losses: 17.270

Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL)Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: 110.722 MG/Yr

WATER LOSSES: 127.992 MG/Yr

NON-REVENUE WATERNON-REVENUE WATER: 163.022 MG/Yr

= Total Water Loss + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered

SYSTEM DATA

Length of mains: 7 134.0 milesNumber of active AND inactive service connections: 10 8,000

Connection density: 60 conn./mile mainAverage length of customer service line: 8 40.0 ft

Average operating pressure: 8 70.0 psi

COST DATA

Total annual cost of operating water system: 9 $896,000 $/Year

Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): 8 $4.19Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): 6 $420.00 $/Million gallons

PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Financial IndicatorsNon-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: 20.9%Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: 17.6%

Annual cost of Apparent Losses: $96,733Annual cost of Real Losses: $46,503

Operational Efficiency Indicators

Apparent Losses per service connection per day: 5.91 gallons/connection/day

Real Losses per service connection per day*: 37.92 gallons/connection/day

Real Losses per length of main per day*: N/A

Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: 0.54 gallons/connection/day/psi

Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): 60.80 million gallons/year

From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL): 110.72 million gallons/year

1.82

* only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated

WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE:

PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION:

1: Master meter error adjustment

2: Unbilled metered

3: Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses)

19.960

AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet

FY 2011

over-registered

7/2010 - 6/2011

<< Enter grading in column 'E'

11.300

Choose this option to enter a percentage of

billed metered consumption. This is NOT a default value

1.970

Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components:

*** YOUR SCORE IS: 81 out of 100 ***

Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]:

MG/Yr

$/100 cubic feet (ccf)

A weighted scale for the components of consumption and water loss is included in the calculation of the Water Audit Data Validity Score

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Back to Instructions

Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades

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(pipe length between curbstop and customer meter or property boundary)

Use buttons to selectpercentage of water supplied

ORvalue

?Click here: for help using option buttons below

For more information, click here to see the Grading Matrix worksheet

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Copyright © 2010, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

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WAS v4.2

AWWA Water Loss Control Committee Reporting Worksheet 1

Water Audit Report For: Report Yr:

City of Rochester, NH FY 2011

Water Exported

0.000Billed Metered Consumption (inc. water exported)

Revenue Water

609.020Own Sources

Authorized Consumption 617.020 Billed Unmetered Consumption 617.020

8.000652.050 Unbilled Metered Consumption

15.070

780.042 35.030 Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

19.960Water Supplied Unauthorized Consumption 163.022

Apparent Losses 1.970780.042 17.270 Customer Metering Inaccuracies

11.300Systematic Data Handling Errors

Water Losses 4.000

Water Imported 127.992 Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains

Real Losses Not broken down

0.000 110.722 Leakage and Overflows at Utility's Storage Tanks

Not broken downLeakage on Service Connections

Not broken down

Non-Revenue Water (NRW)

AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software: Water Balance



(Adjusted for known errors)

Billed Water Exported

Copyright © 2010, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. WAS v4.2

AWWA Water Loss Control Committee Water Balance 1

APPENDIX A

Definitions

12167A Appendix A-1 Wright-Pierce

APPENDIX A

WATER AUDIT DEFINITIONS

The 2009 AWWA Water Audits and Loss Control Programs Manual M36 and the 2010 AWWAWater Audit Software version 4.2 use the following water balance terms:

Water Balance Component Definition

System Input Volume The annual input to the water supply system.Volume can be either from the water sources internalto a service area or purchased from aninterconnected system.

Authorized Consumption The annual volume of metered and/or unmeteredwater taken from registered customers, the watersupplier and others.

Water Losses The difference between System Input Volume andAuthorized Consumption, consisting of ApparentLosses plus Real Losses

Apparent Losses Unauthorized consumption, all types of meteringinaccuracies and systematic data handling errors.

Real Losses The annual volumes lost through all types of leaks,breaks, and overflows on mains, storage tanks, andservices connections, up to the point of customermetering.

Revenue Water Those components of System Input Volume that arebilled and produce revenue.

Non-Revenue Water The sum of unbilled Authorized Consumption,Apparent Losses, and Real Losses. Also, the valuecan be determined as the difference between SystemInput Volume and Billed Authorized Consumption.

Item Name

Apparent Losses

AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION

Average length of customer service line

Average operating pressure


Billed metered consumption

Billed unmetered consumption

Connection density

Description

= unauthorized consumption + meter under-registration + data handling errors

Includes all types of inaccuracies associated with customer metering as well as data handling errors (meter reading and billing), plus unauthorized consumption (theft or illegal use).NOTE: Over-registration of customer meters, leads to under-estimation of Real Losses. Under-registration of customer meters, leads to over-estimation of Real Losses.

All consumption that is billed and authorized by the utility. This may include both metered and unmetered consumption. See "Authorized Consumption" for more information.

= billed metered + billed unmetered + unbilled metered + unbilled unmetered

The volume of metered and/or unmetered water taken by registered customers, the water supplier and others who are implicitly or explicitly authorized to do so by the water supplier, for residential, commercial and industrial purposes. This does NOT include water sold to neighboring utilities (water exported).Authorized consumption may include items such as fire fighting and training, flushing of mains and sewers, street cleaning, watering of municipal gardens, public fountains, frost protection, building water, etc. These may be billed or unbilled, metered or unmetered.

AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software: Definitions

All billed consumption which is calculated based on estimates or norms but is not metered. This might be a very small component in fully metered systems (for example billing based on estimates for the period a customer meter is out of order) but can be the key consumption component in systems without universal metering. It does NOT include water sold to neighboring utilities (water exported) which is unmetered but billed.

All metered consumption which is billed. This includes all groups of customers such as domestic, commercial, industrial or institutional. It does NOT include water sold to neighboring utilities (water exported) which is metered and billed. The metered consumption data can be taken directly from billing records for the water audit period. The accuracy of yearly metered consumption data can be refined by including an adjustment to account for customer meter reading lagtime, however additional analysis is necessary to determine the adjustment value, which may or may not be significant.

=number of connections / length of mains

The average pressure may be approximated when compiling the preliminary water audit. Once routine water auditing has been established, a more accurate assessment of average pressure should be pursued. If the water utility infrastructure is recorded in a Geographical Information System (GIS) the average pressure at many locations in the distribution system can be readily obtained. If a GIS does not exist, a weighted average of pressure data can be calculated from water pressure measured at various fire hydrants scattered across the water distribution system.

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Back to InstructionsCopyright © 2010, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. WAS v4.2

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Click to see Service Connection Diagram

This is entered for unmetered services and in cold or other areas where meters are installed inside homes and buildings. It is the length of customer service line either between the utility's service connection (often at the curbstop) and the meter, or to the building line (first point of customer consumption) if customers are unmetered. Note that the length of service connection between the main and customer service line is owned by the utility and its length and potential leakage is accounted for in the UARL formula by the number of service connections.

What role does the "Average Length of Customer Service Line" parameter serve in the Water Audit?In many water distribution systems the water utility has maintenance responsibility for a portion of the customer service piping from its connection point at the water main to the curbstop valve located midway to the customer building. The customer is responsible to maintain the customer service piping from the curbstop to the building premises. When leaks arise on customer service piping, water utilities respond faster to repair leaks than customers when the leak is on piping under their responsibility. Leak durations are longer on the customer-maintained piping than the utility-maintained piping. The total length of pipe maintained by customers is one of the components of the Unavoidable Annual Real Loss (UARL) equation and is determined by multiplying the average length of customer maintained pipe, Lp by the number of customer service connections. Therefore this parameter is important to the calculation of the UARL and the Infrastructure leakage Index (ILI).

AWWA Water Loss Control Committee Definitions 1

Item Name Description

Customer metering inaccuracies

Customer retail unit cost

Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI)

Length of mains

Master meter error adjustment

NON-REVENUE WATER

Number of active AND inactive service connections

Real Losses

Revenue Water

Systematic data handling errors

Total annual cost of operating the water system

An estimate or measure of the degree of any inaccuracy that exists in the master meters measuring the Volume from own sources. Please also indicate if this adjustment is because the master meters under-registered (did not capture all the flow) or over-registered (overstated the actual flow). All systems encounter some degree of error in their Master Meter data. Please enter a positive value.

Apparent water losses caused by the collective under-registration of customer water meters. Many customer water meters will wear as large cumulative volumes of water are passed through them over time. This causes the meters to under-register. The auditor has two options for entering data for this component of the audit. The auditor can enter a percentage under-registration (typically an estimated value), this will apply the selected percentage to the two categories of metered consumption to determine the volume of water not recorded due to customer meter inaccuracy. Alternatively, if the auditor has substantial data from meter testing to arrive at their own volumes of such losses, this volume may be entered directly. Note that a value of zero will be accepted but an alert will appear asking if the customer population is unmetered. Since all metered systems have some degree of inaccuracy, then a positive value should be entered. A value of zero in this component is valid only if the water utility does not meter its customer population.

The Customer Retail Unit Cost represents the charge that customers pay for water service. This unit cost is applied to the components of apparent loss, since these losses represent water reaching customers but not (fully) paid for. It is important to compile these costs per the same unit cost basis as the volume measure included in the water audit. For example, if all water volumes are measured in million gallons, then the unit cost should be dollars per million gallon ($/mil gal). The software allows the user to select the units that are charged to customers (either $/1,000 gallons, $/hundred cubic feet or $/1,000 litres) and automatically converts these units to the units that appear in the "WATER SUPPLIED" box. Since most water utilities have a rate structure that includes a variety of different costs based upon class of customer, a weighted average of individual costs and number of customer accounts in each class can be calculated to determine a single composite cost that should be entered into this cell. Finally, the weighted average cost should also include additional charges for sewer, stormwater or biosolids processing, charges are based upon the volume of potable water consumed.

These costs include those for operations, maintenance and any annually incurred costs for long-term upkeep of the system, such as repayment of capital bonds for infrastructure expansion or improvement. Typical costs include employee salaries and benefits, materials, equipment, insurance, fees, administrative costs and all other costs that exist to sustain the drinking water supply. These costs should not include any costs to operate wastewater, biosolids or other systems outside of drinking water.

Apparent water losses caused by systematic data handling errors in the meter reading and billing system.

Length of all pipelines (except service connections) in the system starting from the point of system input metering (for example at the outlet of the treatment plant). It is also recommended to include in this measure the total length of fire hydrant lead pipe. Hydrant lead pipe is the pipe branching from the water main to the fire hydrant. Fire hydrant leads are typically of a sufficiently large size that is more representative of a pipeline than a service connection. The average length of hydrant leads across the entire system can be assumed if not known, and multiplied by the number of fire hydrants in the system, which can also be assumed if not known. This value can then be added to the total pipeline length. Total length of mains can therefore be calculated as:

Length of Mains, miles = (total pipeline length, miles) + [ {(average fire hydrant lead length, ft) x (number of fire hydrants)} / 5,280 ft/mile ] orLength of Mains, kilometres = (total pipeline length, kilometres) + [ {(average fire hydrant lead length, metres) x (number of fire hydrants)} / 1,000 metres/kilometre ]

Water which is charged to customers to provide revenue to the utility.

The ratio of the Current Annual Real Losses (Real Losses) to the Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL). The ILI is a highly effective performance indicator for comparing (benchmarking) the performance of utilities in operational management of real losses.

Number of service connections, main to curb stop. Please note that this includes the actual number of distinct piping connections including fire connections whether active or inactive. This may differ substantially from the number of Customers (or number of accounts)

= Apparent Losses + Real Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled UnmeteredWater which does not provide any revenue to the utility

Physical water losses from the pressurized system and the utility’s storage tanks, up to the point of customer consumption. In metered systems this is the customer meter, in unmetered situations this is the first point of consumption (stop tap/tap) within the property.The annual volume lost through all types of leaks, breaks and overflows depends on frequencies, flow rates, and average duration of individual leaks, breaks and overflows.

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Unauthorized consumption


Unbilled metered consumption

Unbilled unmetered consumption

Convert From…Million Gallons (US) = 3.068883 Acre-feet

Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL)

The UARL is a theoretical reference value representing the technical low limit of leakage that could be achieved if all of today's best technology could be successfully applied. It is a key variable in the calculation of the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI). It is not necessary that water utilities set this level as the target level of leakage, unless water is unusually expensive, scarce or both.

NOTE: The UARL calculation has not yet been fully proven as effective for very small, or low pressure water distribution systems. If,in gallons per day:(Lm x 32) + Nc < 3000 orP <35psiin litres per day:(Lm x 20) + Nc < 3000 orP < 25mthen the calculated UARL value may not be valid. The software does not display a value of UARL or ILI if either of these conditions is true.

UARL (gallons/day)=(5.41Lm + 0.15Nc + 7.5Lc) xP, orUARL (litres/day)=(18.0Lm + 0.8Nc + 25.0Lc) xP

where:Lm = length of mains (miles or kilometres) Nc = number of service connections Lc = total length of customer service lines (miles or km) = Nc multiplied by the average distance of customer service line, Lp (miles or km)P = Pressure (psi or metres)

Includes water illegally withdrawn from hydrants, illegal connections, bypasses to consumption meter or meter reading equipment tampering. While this component has a direct impact on revenue, in most water utilities the volume is low and it is recommended that the auditor apply a default value of 0.25% of the volume from own sources. If the auditor has well validated data that indicates the volume from unauthorized consumption is substantially higher or lower than that generated by the default value then this value can be entered. However, for most water utilities it is recommended to apply the default value. Note that a value of zero will not be accepted since all water utilities have some volume of unauthorized consumption occurring in their system.

Metered Consumption which is for any reason unbilled. This might for example include metered consumption of the utility itself or water provided to institutions free of charge. It does NOT include water sold to neighboring utilities (water exported) which is metered but unbilled.

Units and Conversions

Converts to…..1

All consumption that is unbilled, but still authorized by the utility. See "Authorized Consumption" for more information.

Any kind of Authorized Consumption which is neither billed nor metered. This component typically includes items such as fire fighting, flushing of mains and sewers, street cleaning, frost protection, etc. In most water utilities it is a small component which is very often substantially overestimated. It does NOT include water sold to neighboring utilities (water exported) which is unmetered and unbilled – an unlikely case. This component has many sub-components of water use which are often tedious to identify and quantify. Because of this, and the fact that it is usually a small portion of the water supplied, it is recommended that the auditor apply the default value of 1.25% of the volume from own sources. Select the default percentage to enter this value. If the water utility already has well validated data that gives a value substantially higher or lower than the default volume, then the auditor should enter their own volume. However the default approach is recommended for most water utilities. Note that a value of zero is not permitted, since all water utilities have some volume of water in this component occurring in their system.

Enter Units:

The user may develop an audit based on one of three unit selections: 1) Million Gallons (US)2) Megalitres (Thousand Cubic Metres)3) Acre-feetOnce this selection has been made in the instructions sheet, all calculations are made on the basis of the chosen units. Should the user wish to make additional conversions, a unit converter is provided below (use drop down menus to select units from the yellow unit boxes):

(conversion factor = 3.06888328973723)

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Click to see Service Connection Diagram



Use of Option Buttons

Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses)

Volume from own sources

Water exported

Water imported

WATER LOSSES

= apparent losses + real losses

The difference between System Input and Authorized Consumption. Water losses can be considered as a total volume for the whole system, or for partial systems such as transmission or distribution systems, or individual zones. Water Losses consist of Real Losses and Apparent Losses.

Bulk water sold and conveyed out of the water distribution system. Typically this is water sold to a neighboring water utility. Be sure to account for any export meter inaccuracy in reporting this volume

The volume of treated water input to system from own production facilities

The cost to produce and supply the next unit of water. (E.g., $/million gallons) This cost is determined by calculating the summed unit costs for ground and surface water treatment and all power used for pumping from the source to the customer. It should also include the unit cost of bulk water purchased as an import if applicable.

Bulk water purchased to become part of the water supplied. Typically this is water purchased from a neighboring water utility or regional water authority. Be sure to account for any import meter inaccuracy in reporting this volume

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To use the percent value choose this button

To enter a value choose this button and enter the value in the cell to the right

NOTE: For unbilled unmetered consumption and unauthorized consumption, a recommended default value can be applied by selecting the Percent option. The default values are based on fixed percentages of water supplied and are recommended for use in this audit unless the auditor has well validated data for their system. Default values are shown by purple cells, as shown in the example above.

If a default value is selected, the user does not need to grade the item; a grading value of 3 is automatically applied (however, this grade will not be displayed).

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APPENDIX B

Omni Water Meters

OMNI-212-R2

2” OMNI T2 Meter

DESCRIPTIONModel: The OMNI T2 meter operation is based on advanced Floating Ball Technology (FBT) with an operating range of 1.0 GPM (.23 m3/hr) @ 95% min. to 250 GPM (57 m3/hr) @ 100% +/- 1.5% registration of actual throughput. The meter is also rated for continuous flows up to 200 GPM (45 m3/hr).

Conformance to Standards: The OMNI T2 meter meets and far exceeds the most recent revision of ANSI / AWWA Standard C701 class II standards. Each meter is performance tested to ensure compliance. All OMNI meters are NSF Approved to the latest standards.

Performance: The patented measurement principles of the OMNI T2 meter assure enhanced accuracy ranges, an overall greater accuracy, and a longer service life than any other comparable class meter produced. The T2 meter has no restrictions as to sustained flow rates within its continuous operating range. The floating ball measurement technology allows for flows up to its rated maximum capacity without affecting undue wear or accuracy degradation.

Construction: The T2 meter consists of two basic assemblies; the maincase and the measuring chamber. The measuring chamber assembly includes the “floating ball” impeller with a coated titanium shaft, hybrid axial bearings, integral flow straightener and an all electronic programmable register with protective bonnet. The maincase is made from industry proven Ductile Iron with an approved NSF epoxy coating. Maincase features are; easily removable measuring chamber, unique chamber seal to the maincase using a high pressure o-ring, testing port and a convenient integral strainer.

OMNI Electronic Register: The T2 electronic register consist of a hermetically sealed register with an electronic pickup containing no mechanical gearing. The large character LCD displays AMR, Totalization and a Resettable Test Totalizer. OMNI register features; AMR resolution units that are fully programmable, Pulse output frequency that are fully programmable, Integral customer data logging capability, Integral resettable accuracy testing feature compatible with AR-5000 Testing Assistant Program, Large, easy-to-read LCD also displays both forward and reverse flow directions and all with a 10-year battery life guarantee.

Magnetic Drive: Meter registration is achieved by utilizing a fully magnetic pickup system. This is accomplished by the magnetic actions of the embedded rotor magnets and the ultra sensitive register pickup probe. The only moving component in water is the “floating ball” impeller.

Measuring Element: The revolutionary thermoplastic, hydro dynamically balanced impeller floats between the bearings. The Floating Ball Technology (FBT) allows the measuring element to operate virtually without friction or wear, thus creating the extended upper and lower flow ranges capable on only the OMNI T2 meter.

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2” OMNI T2

Strainer: The OMNI T2 with the “V” shaped integral strainer using a stainless steel screen along with Floating Ball Technology (FBT) create a design that gives far improved accuracy even in those once thought questionable settings. A removable strainer cover permits easy access to the screen for routine maintenance.

Maintenance: The OMNI T2 meter is designed for easy maintenance. Should any maintenance be required, the measuring chamber and / or strainer cover can be removed independently. Parts and or a replacement measuring chamber may be utilized in the event repairs are needed. Replacement and Measuring Chamber Exchange are available under the Sensus MMP Program for the T2 meters and this program may also be utilized for retrofitting to competitive meters to achieve increased accuracy and extended service life.

AMR / AMI Systems: Meters and encoders are compatible with current Sensus AMR/AMI systems.

Guarantee: Sensus OMNI T2 Meters are backed by “The Sensus Guarantee.” Ask your Sensus representative for details or see Bulletin G-500.

Totalization Mode

AMR/AMI Mode Resettable Test Mode

OMNI-212-R2

P.O. Box 487 | 450 North Gallatin AvenueUniontown, PA 15401 USA T: 1-800-638-3748 F: 1-800-888-2403 www.sensus.com/water [email protected]

AUTHORIZED SENSUS DISTRIBUTOR

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DIMENSIONS AND NET WEIGHTS

Meterand Normal Dimensions Net Shipping PipeSize OperatingRange Connections A B C D E F G H J Weight Weight

2” 1.0gpm 250gpm Flanged 17” 7-7/8” 1” 5-3/4” 2-5/16” 4-1/2” 2 3/4” 1-1/2” 27.4lbs. 34.5lbs. DN50mm .23m3/hr 57m3/hr 432mm 200mm 25mm 146mm 59mm 114mm 2 19mm 40mm 12.42kg 15.65kg.

SPECIFICATIONS

SERVICE Measureofpotablewater. Operatingtemperaturerangeof33°F(.56°C)–150°F(65.6°C).

OPERATING 100%±1.5%from1.5–250GPM(.34–57m3/hr)RANGE

LOWFLOW 95%–101.5%@1.0GPM(.23m3/hr)

MAXIMUM 200GPM(45m3/hr)CONTINUOUSOPERATION

MAXIMUM 250GPM(57m3/hr)INTERMITTENTOPERATION

PRESSURE 7.0psi@200GPM(.48bar@45m3/hr)LOSS

MAXIMUM 200PSI(13.8bar)OPERATINGPRESSURE

FLANGE 2”U.S.ANSIB16.1/AWWAClass125CONNECTIONS

REGISTER Fullyelectronicsealedregisterwithprogrammable registration(Gal./Cu.Ft./Cu.Mtr./Imp.Gal/AcreFt.) ProgrammableAMR/AMIreadingandpulseoutputs Guaranteed10yearbatterylife

NSFAPPROVED Maincase: CoatedDuctileIronMATERIALS MeasuringChamber: Thermoplastic Rotor“FloatingBall”: Thermoplastic RadialBearings: HybridThermoplastic ThrustBearings: Sapphire/CeramicJewel Magnets: CeramicMagnet StrainerScreen: StainlessSteel StrainerCover: CoatedDuctileIron TestPlug: CoatedDuctileIron

2" T 2 Pressure Loss Curve with Strainer

0 1.0 1.5 7 1 5 3 0 5 0 8 0 100 200 250

Rate of Flow (GPM)

0

4 2

6 8

10 12 14

Pres

sure

Los

s (P

SI)

95

9796

9899

100101102

2" T2 Accuracy Curve

0 1.0 1.5 7 15 30 50 80 100 200 250

101.5

98.5

Rate of Flow (GPM)

Acc

urac

y (%

)

IPL-110-R1

DESCRIPTIONMODEL: With no moving parts, the Sensus iPERL water management system is based on innovative electromagnetic flow measurement technology. The iPERL system family has an operating range of 0.03 gpm (0.007 m3/hr) @ 95% minimum to 55 gpm (12.5 m3/hr) @ 100% ± 1.5% registration of actual throughput.

CONFORMANCE TO STANDARDS: The iPERL system far exceeds the most recent revision of ANSI/AWWA Standard C-700 and C-710 for accuracy and pressure loss requirements. All iPERL systems are NSF Standard 61 Annex G compliant and tested to AWWA standards.

PERFORMANCE: The patented measurement technology of the iPERL system allows enhanced accuracy ranges at both low and high flows and perpetual accuracy over the life of the product as well as the full measurement range.

CONSTRUCTION: The iPERL system is an integrated unit that incorporates an electronic register and measuring device encased in an external housing. The measuring device is comprised of a polyphenylene sulfide alloy flowtube with externally-threaded spud ends. Embedded in the flowtube are magnetic flow sensors and a replaceable strainer screen. The all electronic programmable register is hermetically sealed with a tempered glass cover. The iPERL system has a 20 year life cycle, along with a 20 year battery life guarantee. At the end of this life cycle, you do not have to be concerned about repairing the iPERL system since the design is not meant to be repaired but is easily replaceable.

ELECTRONIC REGISTER: The high resolution 9-digit hermetically sealed electronic register with LCD display was designed to eliminate dirt, lens fogging issues and moisture contamination in pit settings with built in tamper protection. The tempered glass register cover displays readings with the AMR digits highlighted. Direction of flow and units of measure are also easily readable on the register display. The register is programmable using the UniPro programming package to display in either gallon, cubic feet or cubic meter totalization. The large, easy to read display also includes battery life and empty pipe indicators.

TAMPERPROOF FEATURES: The ingenious integrated construction of an iPERL system prevents removal of the register to obtain free water. The magnetic tamper and low field alarms will both indicate any attempt to tamper with the magnetic field of the iPERL system.

AMR/AMI SYTEMS: iPERL systems are compatible with current Sensus AMR/AMI systems.

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Electronic Register LCD Display

Copyright © 2010 Sensus. iPERL is a trademark of Sensus USA Inc.

Technology for the iPERL system is licensed from Sentec Limited.

5/8” (DN 15mm), 3/4” (DN 20mm) and 1” (DN 25mm) Sizes

iPERL™ Water Management SystemElectromagnetic Flow Measurement System

IPL-110-R1

DIMENSIONS AND NET WEIGHTS

A Spud NPSM Net Size (laylength) B C Ends ThreadSize Width Weight

5/8” 7-1/2” 6-1/10” 1-3/4” 5/8” 3/4” 4-1/2” 3.1lb. (DN15mm) (190mm) (155mm) (44mm) (15mm) (19mm) (114mm) (1.4kg)

3/4”S(5/8”x3/4”) 7-1/2” 6-1/10” 1-3/4” 3/4” 1” 4-1/2” 3.1lb. (DN20mm) (190mm) (155mm) (44mm) (20mm) (25mm) (114mm) (1.4kg)

3/4” 9” 6-1/10” 1-3/4” 3/4” 1” 4-1/2” 3.2lb. (DN20mm) (229mm) (155mm) (44mm) (20mm) (25mm) (114mm) (1.5kg)

1” 10-3/4” 6-1/10” 1-3/4” 1” 1-1/4” 4-1/2” 3.3lb. (DN25mm) (273mm) (155mm) (44mm) (25mm) (32mm) (114mm) (1.6kg)

SPECIFICATIONS

SERVICE Measurementofcoldwaterwithflowinonedirectiononly.

NORMAL 5/8”(DN15mm)size:0.11to25gpm(0.02m3hto5.7m3h)OPERATING 3/4”(DN20mm)size:0.11to35gpm(0.02m3hto8.0m3h)FLOWRANGE 1”(DN25mm)size:0.4to55gpm(0.09m3hto12.5m3h)(100%±1.5%ofactualthroughput)

LOWFLOW 5/8”(DN15mm)size:0.03gpm(0.007m3h)REGISTRATION 3/4”(DN20mm)size:0.03gpm(0.007m3h)(95%-101.5%) 1”(DN25mm)size:0.11gpm(0.025m3h)

MAXIMUM 5/8”(DN15mm)size:4psiat15gpm(0.3barat3.4m3h)PRESSURELOSS 3/4”(DN20mm)size:2psiat15gpm(0.1barat3.4m3h) 1”(DN25mm)size:2psiat25gpm(0.1barat5.7m3h)

MAXIMUM 200psi(13.8bar)OPERATINGPRESSURE

MEASUREMENT SolidstateelectromagneticflowTECHNOLOGY

REGISTER Hermeticallysealed,temperedglasscovered9-digit programmableelectronicregister AMR/AMIcompatible iPERLsystemregisterprogrammableusingtheUniPro programmingpackage iPERLsystemsareshippedinidlemode;theymustbe activateduponinstallation

MATERIALS Externalhousing–Thermalplastic Flowtube–Polyphenylenesulfidealloy Electrode–Silver/silverchloride Strainer–Syntheticpolymer Registercover–Temperedsodalimeglass

ALARMDEFAULTS AlarmDuration–90days LeakDuration–24hours DatalogInterval–1hour AlarmMask–Allalarmsreported HistoryMask–Alleventtypesreported

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IPL-110-R1

P.O. Box 487 | 450 North Gallatin AvenueUniontown, PA 15401 USA T: 1-800-638-3748 F: 1-800-888-2403 www.sensus.com/water [email protected]

AUTHORIZED SENSUS DISTRIBUTOR

Page 3 of 3

HEADLOSS CURVES

5/8” Headloss Curve 3/4” Short Headloss Curve

3/4” Headloss Curve 1” Headloss Curve

APPENDIX C

Meter Testing

Flow Rate Flow Rate Flow Rate1/4 gpm 2 gpm 12-15 gpm

Known Volume Known Volume Known Volume7.48 gals (1 ft3) 7.48 gals (1 ft3) 74.8 gals (10 ft3)

Water Meter Serial #3125880 97.00% 100.00% 91.30%3261723 101.00% 100.00% 100.00%

28358608 2.00% 99.00% 100.60%28403093 99.00% 99.00% 99.60%29162296 101.00% 99.00% 98.50%29953124 0.00% 65.00% 96.90%29953187 92.00% 100.00% 99.90%29953191 2.00% 93.00% 99.70%31204202 99.00% 100.00% 100.00%31222217 102.00% 102.00% 100.90%31222257 103.00% 101.00% 101.50%31222333 100.00% 101.00% 101.10%31222335 0.00% 100.00% 99.50%31222360 95.00% 100.00% 80.00%31222412 97.00% 100.00% 100.20%31222463 100.00% 94.00% 100.00%31222497 164.00% 100.00% 100.50%31222514 105.00% 101.00% 100.20%31222606 2.00% 99.00% 100.10%31222650 107.00% 102.00% 100.80%31222773 112.00% 103.00% 100.00%31223580 1.00% 100.00% 110.30%31223769 123.00% 102.00% 100.70%31223791 80.00% 198.00% 99.50%31223846 97.00% 100.00% 99.50%31248617 0.00% 101.00% 100.60%31248662 89.00% 94.00% 99.50%31248694 115.00% 103.00% 100.60%31248753 24.00% 100.00% 101.40%31248935 108.00% 104.00% 100.90%31248973 117.00% 106.00% 101.50%31249008 100.00% 99.00% 99.60%31258401 103.00% 100.00% 100.90%31258411 68.00% 101.00% 98.50%31258430 106.00% 102.00% 100.20%31258435 0.00% 100.00% 95.30%31258519 2.00% 101.00% 100.70%31258538 5.00% 100.00% 100.30%

RESIDENTIAL WATER METER BENCH TESTING RESULTS2008 -2009

PERCENT OF KNOWN VOLUME RECORDEDROCHESTER, NH

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Water Meter Serial #31258577 0.00% 94.00% 99.00%31258655 107.00% 102.00% 100.20%31258670 0.00% 102.00% 100.00%31258699 88.00% 103.00% 101.10%31258713 106.00% 102.00% 100.60%31258719 89.00% 101.00% 100.20%31258740 1.00% 99.00% 101.70%31258793 85.00% 200.00% 101.00%31258806 0.00% 98.00% 130.70%31258810 99.00% 100.00% 99.90%31264175 100.00% 101.00% 100.20%31356047 0.00% 186.00% 99.10%31356622 106.00% 104.00% 101.00%31356713 96.00% 100.00% 100.00%31356715 95.00% 100.00% 99.70%31356814 103.00% 85.00% 99.10%31356913 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%31356949 105.00% 110.00% 99.60%31356953 109.00% 103.00% 100.60%31356986 54.00% 89.00% 99.00%31357079 99.00% 101.00% 100.70%31357119 100.00% 112.00% 101.40%31357139 97.00% 101.00% 100.70%31366252 95.00% 101.00% 99.70%31366583 107.00% 100.00% 98.60%31366637 114.00% 102.00% 99.90%31367061 89.00% 0.00% 103.30%31367103 97.00% 100.00% 109.70%31367128 100.00% 101.00% 100.90%31367168 99.00% 100.00% 100.80%31367190 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%31367200 98.00% 101.00% 100.10%31367211 101.00% 101.00% 100.20%31379290 110.00% 100.00% 100.30%31398810 100.00% 101.00% 101.00%31405937 100.00% 100.00% 100.40%31409271 105.00% 102.00% 99.60%31418939 70.00% 99.00% 98.80%31419054 97.00% 100.00% 100.60%31419211 94.00% 97.00% 96.60%31436634 107.00% 101.00% 100.80%31436971 92.00% 100.00% 99.50%31436973 85.00% 200.00% 101.00%31436975 107.00% 84.00% 100.30%31436992 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%31437022 101.00% 102.00% 101.90%31448269 102.00% 101.00% 99.60%31448282 88.00% 250.00% 180.90%31455543 0.00% 100.00% 99.30%

31455554 44.00% 111.00% 99.70%

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Water Meter Serial #31455561 0 0.00% 0.00%31455610 92.00% 100.00% 101.50%31455612 106.00% 103.00% 110.20%31455681 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%31455779 -1.00% 168.00% 12.10%31456265 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%31456280 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%31456319 1.00% 102.00% 100.50%31456378 303.00% 1.00% 101.60%31456416 42.00% 40.00% 38.80%31456426 96.00% 0.00% 109.40%31456435 109.00% 104.00% 100.00%31456498 127.00% 103.00% 101.20%31456627 98.00% 98.00% 99.60%31456661 2.00% 98.00% 97.00%31456692 100.00% 201.00% 99.90%31456732 241.00% 122.00% 99.90%31459552 106.00% 100.00% 99.60%32004488 108.00% 103.00% 100.20%32004489 92.00% 99.00% 99.80%32006830 93.00% 100.00% 100.00%32006850 96.00% 100.00% 99.80%32006956 108.00% 102.00% 100.20%32006994 106.00% 104.00% 100.90%32007026 90.00% 100.00% 154.80%32007027 105.00% 101.00% 100.80%32067034 108.00% 101.00% 100.10%32112460 95.00% 0.00% 109.70%32112480 106.00% 101.00% 100.20%32112508 0.00% 0.00% 98.00%32407794 90.00% 101.00% 99.60%32407838 98.00% 101.00% 99.90%32482820 82.00% 101.00% 100.40%32482915 106.00% 102.00% 100.00%32482984 101.00% 101.00% 98.90%32487653 102.00% 100.00% 0.00%32487655 97.00% 99.00% 97.20%32527894 97.00% 100.00% 100.10%32616842 100.00% 101.00% 98.30%32616897 106.00% 100.00% 99.20%32616948 95.00% 201.00% 100.00%32616975 89.00% 100.00% 100.00%32617000 104.00% 102.00% 100.20%32617097 100.00% 101.00% 100.90%32617124 0.00% 83.00% 98.50%32617124 0.00% 123.00% 99.50%32617257 100.00% 99.00% 99.70%32617273 96.00% 101.00% 100.40%

32617284 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%32647067 104.00% 101.00% 99.30%

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Water Meter Serial #51222234 102.00% 202.00% 99.90%51273704 41.00% 101.00% 100.20%51409533 99.00% 101.00% 100.20%52681296 101.00% 101.00% 100.40%52681308 99.00% 101.00% 101.10%53639537 95.00% 101.00% 99.90%62482930 94.00% 100.00% 99.70%62616909 107.00% 102.00% 99.30%62870005 98.00% 101.00% 100.30%62892070 104.00% 100.00% 100.00%67285270 99.00% 100.00% 100.10%69992509 101.00% 100.00% 100.00%320129881 108.00% 101.00% 99.90%100 Maple 92.00% 101.00% 100.30%166 Eagle 96.00% 101.00% 100.30%

372 Portland 94.00% 101.00% 100.60%

81.07% 97.39% 94.42%

Average Percent ofKnown Volume

Recorded by Meter

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APPENDIX D

Unavoidable Real LossesAnd Apparent Losses Calculations

APPENDIX E

Finish Water Master MeterCalibration Certificate

Environmental Instrument Services Inc. 98 Washington Street

Groveland, Massachusetts 01834

Certificate of Instrument Calibration

CERTIFICATION NUMBER & DATE: 2405181-2 6 Dec. 2010

CALIBRATION PERFORMED FOR: City of Rochester, NH

LOCATION: Water Filtration Plant

INSTRUMENT NAME & TAG NUMBER: Finished Water Flow

MODEL NUMBER: Fischer & Porter Co. Model 10D-1465

SERIAL NUMBER: N/A

PROCESS: Finished Water Flow

RANGE & UNITS: 0 to 6.00 MGD

This document certifies that the above listed equipment was calibrated to the original manufacturers specifications. The test equipment used to perform the calibrations are certified by an independent calibration laboratory on an annual basis. The test equip-

ment certifications are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

TEST EQUIPMENT USED FOR THIS CALIBRATION TYPE CERTIFICATION # CERTIFICATION DATE

Druck 6-A63CC-1-1 16 Sept. 2010

CALIBRATION PERFORMED BY: DATE:

2011 WATER SYSTEM AUDIT ROCHESTER, NH

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