2011 PRCST SUMMER INSTITUTE JUNE 21-22, 2011 – Looking at STEM Career areas PITTSBURGH TISSUE...
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Transcript of 2011 PRCST SUMMER INSTITUTE JUNE 21-22, 2011 – Looking at STEM Career areas PITTSBURGH TISSUE...
2011 PRCST SUMMER INSTITUTE
JUNE 21-22, 2011 –
Looking at STEM Career areas
PITTSBURGH TISSUE ENGINEERING INITIATIVE
MCGOWAN INSTITUTE FOR REGENERTIVE MEDICINE
CCI, INC.
PHIPPS CONSERVATORY
OUR HEALTH
STEM Career areas
How to integrate STEM career information into the existing curriculum
Our Health: A relevant, current and existing area of engagement for students at all levels:
Disease/condition related
Injury related: accidents/wars/weather
STEM APPLICATIONS
Tissue Engineering - Regenerative Medicine
STEM Applications
Science: Basic science research/experimentation
Technology: Development of New Techniques
Engineering: New Designs for Solving Problems
Mathematics: Quantification Necessary for Components
GREEN DESIGN
Pa Energy History:
coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear
Fossil Fuel Impacts:
Economics, Environment. Health
Energy Conservation:
Materials, Designs, Economics, Impacts
Energy Use -opportunities
PTEI TEACHER RESEARCH
With content developed by science educators,
the PTEI Outreach Manual in Tissue Engineering
contains problem-based activities for middle-
and high-school students and
instructional/assessment information for
teachers.
IF A STARFISH CAN GROW A NEW ARM, WHY CAN'T I?"
Regenerative medicine is a rapidly growing field
of biomedicine that seeks to create substitute
tissues and organs for the human body, to
repair or replace those whose function is lost
through illness, injury, aging or congenital
anomaly.
GROWING A NEW ARM
It is widely accepted that regenerative medicine
is at the forefront of 21st century medical
research and represents a significant evolution
in medical treatment.
HISTORY OF FOSSIL FUELS IN PA
Coal mining began in PA in the mid-1700s
PA was the 4th largest coal producing state in the US
Two kinds of coal:
Anthracite – hard coal
Bituminous – soft coal
Production grew as population and steel demands
COAL PRODUCTION
Over 10 million tons of bituminous coal mined in PA during the past 200years = ¼ of all
coal ever mined in the US
40 Different layers of coal mined in PA
Layers from a few inches to over eight feet thick
75% of PA coal mined from five different beds
Long term effects – 2,400 miles of streams polluted by AMD
MINING IMPACTS
Accidents
Health – black lung, mine canaries (CO2-Methane)
Strikes – miners’ income, immigration
Mine Safety
Fuel Costs
Air pollution – soot, fine particles
OIL IN PA
The Drake Well – drilled in northwestern PA in 1859
Began an international search for petroleum
Changed the way we live
Early use of oil from seeps
Medicinal
Lamp fuel
Machinery lubrication
WHY TITUSVILLE?
Many active oil seeps in the area
Early wells drilled had struck oil
Wells drilled looking for salt water
Looking for drinking water
Oil was considered a nuisance
Drake’s investment money ran out- and due to other random drilling – the well lasted only a few months before burning to the ground.
IMPACT OF OIL IN PA
Oil regions of PA important in the early days
PA was responsible for ½ of the WORLD’S production of oil until the East Texas oil Boom of 1901
The first great flowing well was on Funk Farm completed in 1861
3,000 barrels per day and more flooding the market
Oil prices at 10 cents a barrel
WHY OIL IN PA?
Hundreds of millions of years ago – northwestern PA was a shallow sea.
Alternating layers of sand and mud trapped oil – after millions of years of burial, heat and pressure – turned into rock.
Stratigraphic Traps accumulate oil due to changes of rock character.
NATURAL GAS
Naturally occurring gas was discovered and identified in America as early as 1626
Drake hit oil and natural gas at 69 feet before the Earth’s surface
Most characterize this well as the beginning of the gas industry in America
A 2-inch diameter pipeline ran 51/2 miles from the well to Titusville, PA
USE OF NATURAL GAS
Early natural gas was used for lighting
In 1885, Robert Bunsen created a device that mixed natural gas with air – so it could be used for cooking and heating.
Once transportation became possible, new u ses were discovered.
First regulated in the US in 1938
HOW MUCH IS THERE?
There is an abundance of natural gas in No. America – but it is a non –renewable resource
It is difficult to get a definite answer as to how much natural gas actually exists.
Most of the natural gas found in No. America is concentrated in relatively distinct geographical areas.
With the onset of shale production significant resource has increased. With PA a lead state.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
To counter the environmental impacts of fossil fuels, many levels of energy conservation have emerged.
Material Design
Structural Design
Individual efforts
Corporate efforts