IFPAC ® 2011 25th International Forum Process Analytical Technology

January 17-21, 2011 Baltimore, Maryland U.S.A.

WIRELESS CONSIDERATIONS FOR NeSSI

Ian Verhappen, P. Eng, CAP, CSAT Director, Industrial Automation Networks Inc.

IFPAC ® 2011 25th International Forum Process Analytical Technology

January 17-21, 2011 Baltimore, Maryland U.S.A.

About the Presenter – Ian Verhappen • P.Eng. ISA Fellow, ISA CAP, CSAT • Owner: Industrial Automation Networks Inc

– Field level networks (buses & wireless) and process analyzer engineering consulting firm

• MTL (2006 – 2009) – Responsible for all digital communications products

• Former Chairman FF EUAC (2001-2006) – Project Manager HSE RIO project for Fieldbus Foundation – Editor of AG-181, Author of FF book

• 20 years in the oil sands /mining industry • ISA Analysis Division Past Director, Director

Communications Division 2011-1012 • Past Vice-President ISA Standards & Practices Dept.

Vice-President Strategic Planning Dept. • IEC 65E Chair for Canada

SAM III

T

Type 3: SAM as Sampling Manager, Controller and Communications Gateway

dcs o&m user

Ethernet LAN

Process Data Pathway Diagnostic/

Validation Data Pathway

CANbus

SAM

V A A

A

T

Substrate Programmable Substrate Heater

Auxiliary Heating/Cooling

DCS Mtce

SAM: Functionality Considerations, Peter van Vuuren, IFPAC 2010

IFPAC ® 2011 25th International Forum Process Analytical Technology

January 17-21, 2011 Baltimore, Maryland U.S.A.

TCP

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical Ethernet Transmission Media

HTTP

Serial Interface

FTP

Telnet

SMTP

PPP/ SLIP Ethernet

IP ICMP ARP

UDP

DNS

SNMP

OSI Model and TCP/IP

Bit transmission Coding Synchronisation

Framing Sequence Control Flow Control

Routing, priorization Setup/release of connections Flow Control

Protocols/services for applications Selection of type of dialog Identification and Authorisation

Representation of data Definition of coding type Definition of used characters

Dialog control Synchronisation of session connection

Sequencing of application data Control of start/end of transmission Error detection and clearing

User Layer

ISM Considerations • Each ISM radio is

assigned an FCC ID number that appears on each unit. – Government

samples tested • < 1 Watt transmit

power – Either change

frequencies frequently or

– Spread power over spectrum

• 902 - 928 MHz (North America) – 26 MHz wide

• 2.4 GHz (“global”) – 81 MHz wide – Therefore most

commonly used • Cellular phones,

IEEE 802.11, Industrial

• 5.8 GHz – 15 MHz wide

Application Bandwidth Requirements of Various Wireless Technologies

RFID

802.15.4

802.15.1

Cellular

802.15.3

802.11

802.16

0 kbps 100 kbps 500 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 Gbps

Asset Tracking

Industrial Sensors

Industrial Sensor

Gateway

Video (per camera)

VoIP - WLAN

Mobile Operator

(tablet, PDA)

Wireless Backhaul

WiHART ISA100 ZigBee WIA-PA

WiMAX

WiFi

UWB (UltraWideband) Bluetooth

IEEE 802.15.4 Radio (Physical Layer) • Introduced in 2003 • Designed for

– Limited Power Consumption – “Relatively” low throughput requirements – 802.11 Co-existence (16 Channels)

• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technique – Improved noise immunity – Lower Signal to Noise ratio

• Therefore “good neighbour” with 802.11

Wireless Landscape Today

• 3 Standards being proposed to IEC – WirelessHART – ISA 100.11a – Chinese Proposal (WIA-PA)

• Potentially Shades of Fieldbus Wars Round 2 – Also need to consider Zigbee & SmartGrid

• All use 802.15.4 Radios

IFPAC ® 2011 25th International Forum Process Analytical Technology

January 17-21, 2011 Baltimore, Maryland U.S.A.

IEC Approved Standard (IEC 62591Ed. 1.0)

Building on HART • HART has maintained

backward compatibility – Have not removed any

features – Only added features over time – Maintain command structure

• Use existing tools and knowledge

• Strong knowledge with technicians

HART 5

HART 6

HART 7 Time/Cond. Reporting PV Trending

Security Mesh & Star

All PV With Status Long Tags

Process Monitoring Diagnostics

Configuration Remote Access

4-20mA Loop

Wireless

HART Communication Protocol Features • Note that as

HART protocols develop they develop more features similar to other buses

WirelessHART Reliability • Based on Time Synchronized Communications

– Avoid transmitting data when another device is transmitting – Time slots scheduled for each device

• Permits ultra-low power operation • Deterministic network performance

• Transmission Acknowledgements • Channel Hopping Technique Enhances

Performance – All channels available for node-to-node communications – Increases reliability in:

• Electrically “noisy” environments • High multi-path interference

– Metal, glass, steel

Time

Timeslot

Superframe

Cha

nnel

Offs

et

WG3 ISA100.11a • Low Energy (Battery) Sensor Mesh Standard

– One of Several Sensor Mesh Standards – Many Additional Proprietary Products

• Tactical Cost Driven Technology • IEEE 802.15.4 Radios in 2.4 GHz ISM Band • Approved Standard

– Overwhelming Majority Approval (Not = Consensus) – 23 of 24 End Users Approved

• Maintenance Update Initiated – Scope Limited to Corrections and Clarifications – Input Received and Reviewed – Enhancements and Major Changes Deferred (for now) – Will be Submitted to IEC with Approval Expected 1Q

2011

ISA100.11a Scope

ISA 100 Application Classes Use Case Class Timeliness Criticality Typical Application

Safety 0 Emergency Action Always Critical Critical to personnel & plant. Safety interlock, ESD, Fire control

Control

1 Closed loop regulatory control Often Critical

Motor & Axis Control, primary flow & pressure control

2 Closed loop supervisory control

Usually non-critical

Longer time constants, seconds to minutes. Common on SCADA networks

3 Open Loop Control Human in the loop

Monitoring

4 Flagging Event based maintenance

Monitoring with short term operational consequences

5 Logging & Downloading / Uploading

No immediate operational consequence

Monitoring without immediate operational consequences

Key Attributes of ISA100.11a • Interoperable

– Device to gateway vendor independent communications

– Device to device vendor independent communications

• Scalable – Supports a few to

thousands of field devices in a single network and viewed and managed from a single network manager

• Future proof – Modular technology building

blocks, allowing easy updates as new technologies evolve such as radios, security and addressing

• Designed for industrial performance – Part of family of standards

formed with input from end-users, customers and technical experts

– Designed for process measurement as well as monitoring providing for fast update times

SAM IIIw

Gateway

Substrate Programmable Substrate Heater

Auxiliary Heating/Cooling

Substrate to SAM Communication Options Wire/Cable • “Extra” cable with Sample

System Heat Tracing – Susceptible to noise as

EHT cycles

• Shared Power Source for NeSSI – Substrate – Wireless

Wireless • Power

– Scavenge from • Turbine • Vibration • Solar

• Protocol Gateway to convert to: – Ethernet packets – Other Protocol

• ISA100.11a • HART

Wireless SAM Possibilities

• Cable and wire trace becoming limiting factor in sensor size

• Multiple or “cloud” sensors – Pattern recognition as the basis of

measurement • Access anytime anywhere

– Remote support by experts • Maximum measurement and process

availability

Future SAM

We have an “App” for that!

Questions & Contact Information

Ian Verhappen Industrial Automation Networks Inc. 1018 – 4 Avenue Wainwright, Alberta Canada T9W 1H2 +1 780 842-4722 iverhappen@industrialautomationnetworks.com http://www.industrialautomationnetworks.com