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HEMODYNAMIC DISORDER

I. EDEMA

-accumulation of fluids within the cells, interstitial

tissues and body cavities

-Transudate: caused by increased hydrostatic pressure

or reduced plasma protein

-Exudate: caused by increased vascular permeability

NASAL POLYP-Non-neoplastic; inflammatory edema due to frequent

irritation

Gross: Fingerlike, Grayish, Polypoid, With fluid

Microsopically: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

with loose stroma infiltrated by inflammatory cells

(eosinophils); edematous mucosa

II. HYPEREMIA AND CONGESTION

HYPEREMIA- an active process in which arteriolar

dilation leads to increased blood flow

CONGESTION- a passive process resulting from reduced

outflow of blood from a tissue

ACUTE SUPPURATIVE APPENDICITIS(hyperemia)

SY

2011-2012

Subject: PathologyTopic: HEMODYNAMIC DISORDER(Pre-Lab)Lecturer: Dr. Gladysgay MalimbanTranscriptionist: Angry BirdsEditor: Angry Birds

Pages: 4

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Microscopically: neutrophilic infiltration within

muscularis

CHRONIC PASSIVE CONGESTION, LUNGS

Microscopically: Thickened alveolar walls

(due to dilation of capillaries).

- dilated blood vessels containing abundant RBCs.

presence of protein rich edematous fluid.

CHRONIC PASSIVE CONGESTION, LIVER

NUTMEG APPEARANCE

DILATED CENTRAL VEINS, CENTRAL HEMORRHAGIC

NECROSIS

CARDIAC SCLEROSIS

PRESENCE OF FIBROSIS BREACHING BETWEEN THE

CENTRAL ZONAL REGIONS

II. HEMORRHAGE

-extravasation of blood into the extravascular space

ASPERGILLOSIS (with intra-alveolarhemorrhages)

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Gross: sharply delineated, rounded, gray foci with

necrotic borders

Microscopically: septate hyphae with acute-angle

branching

IV. THROMBOSIS-pathologic coagulation of blood resulting in the

formation of solid mass with a chamber of the heart or

with the blood vessels

-Virchows triad: endothelial injury, alterations in

normal blood flow (turbulence, stasis),

hypercoagulability

MURAL THROMBUS

LEFT VENTRICLE. Red circle: mural thrombi

V. INFARCTION

-an area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of

either the arterial supply or the venous drainage

-Anemic (white) infarct: in arterial occlusion; in solid

tissues; end arteries-Hemorrhagic (red) infarct: venous occlusion,in loose

tissues, tissues with rich anastomosis

RENAL INFARCTION

GROSS: (+)focal necrosis: wedge-shaped

Apex hilum base: cortical surface

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Histo: Focal necrosis; Necrosis of glomerulus Acidophilic

tombstone

HEMORRHAGIC INFARCTION, LUNGS

Gross: wedge-shape; red/hemorrhagic

Left: normal lung tissue. Right: infracted area

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