2010 Metro Area MEMS/NEMS Workshop: … Metro Area MEMS/NEMS Workshop: NanoManufacturing Location...
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2010 Metro Area MEMS/NEMS
Workshop: NanoManufacturing
Location: Babbio Center (B122), Stevens Institute of Technology Date: Monday, July 26, 2010
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (NEMS) are miniature systems integrating electrical, mechanical, optical, chemical and/or biological components that are fabricated via integrated circuit or other related manufacturing techniques. To realize the full potential of this emerging field, advances in NanoManufacturing across a wide variety of disciplines will be necessary to enable reliable, repeatable, and scalable manufacturing at the nanoscale to facilitate the transfer of research results in nanoscience and nanotechnology to industrial applications. Research in and applications of MEMS/NEMS and their associated Nanomanufacturing technologies will shape the basis for the creation of technologies that will impact diverse areas such as information technology, biomedical technology, energy, transportation, robotics, manufacturing, deep space studies, and national security. The workshop will be held to facilitate communication and collaboration among researchers in the NYC metro area.
Organizing Committee EH Yang, Stevens Institute of Technology [Chair] Ron Besser, Frank Fisher, Chang-Hwan Choi, Yong Shi, David Cappelleri, Kishore Pochiraju (Stevens), Jeffrey Zhan (Rutgers), Winston Soboyejo (Princeton), Boris Khusid (NJIT), Hongwei Sun (UMass-Lowell), Ioana Voiculescu (CCNY), Qiao Lin, Daniel Attinger (Columbia), Brian DeFranco (ARDEC)
Workshop Advisory Group
• Souran Manoochehri, Professor, ME Department, Stevens • Henry Du, Director, CEMS Department, Stevens • Michael Bruno, Dean, Schaefer School of Engineering & Science, Stevens • Christos Christodoulatos, Associate Provost for Academic Entrepreneurship, Stevens • George Korfiatis, Provost and University Vice President, Stevens
Workshop Sponsors
• Charles V. Schaefer, Jr. School of Engineering & Science, Stevens Inst. of Technology
• Stevens Nanotechnology Graduate Program (http:/www.stevens.edu/nano) Workshop website: http://www.stevens.edu/mdl/workshop2010.html
www.stevens.edu/nano
2010 Metro Area MEMS/NEMS
Workshop: NanoManufacturing
Location: Babbio Center (B122), Stevens Institute of Technology Date: Monday, July 26, 2010
Program Schedule
8:00-9:00 am Registration, Poster Setup, and Poster Session Preview 9:00-9:15 am Introduction, Dr. George Korfiatis, Interim President, Stevens Institute of
Technology 9:15-10:45 am Session I (Chair: Prof. Boris Khusid, NJIT)
- A Controllable, Long Shelf Life Micro Battery Architecture Based on Hydrophobic, Lypophobic and Micro-
Fluidic Properties, Victor Lifton, Chief Scientist, mPhase Technologies, Inc.
- Low Voltage Actuation of Droplet upon PPy Reduction and Oxidation, Yao-Tsan Tsai (Stevens)
- On-Chip Microfluidics for Advanced Functionalization and Operation of Microelectrode Arrays, Isabel
Burdallo (NJIT)
- AC Electrokinetics in Microfluidics for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications, Sarah Du (Stevens)
- Label-Free Characterization of Temperature Dependent Biomolecular Binding by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry, Dr. Thai Huu Nguyen (Columbia)
- Nanomanufacturing Using Lean Six Sigma Principles, Dhruv Sakalley (Drexel)
10:45-11:15am Break (Posters available for viewing) 11:15-12:30 pm Session II (Chair: Prof. Frank Fisher, Stevens)
- Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Metallic Nanostructures on Transparent Substrates, Ke Du (Stevens)
- Electrodeless Electro-hydrodynamic Printing of Personalized Unit Dosages, Ezinwa Elele (NJIT)
- The Nanoaquarium: A Platform For in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy of Processes in Liquid Media,
Joseph Grogan (Penn)
- Biologically-Inspired Robotic Microswimmers, U Cheang (Drexel)
- Towards An Autonomous MEMS Scale Vibration Energy Harvesting Device with Self Resonance
Frequency Tunability, Vinod Challa (Stevens)
12:30-1:30 pm Lunch 1:30-2:00 pm Poster Session, Networking 2:00-4:30 pm Keynote Session (Dr. George Hazelrigg, Deputy Director of CMMI, NSF) 4:30-4:45 pm Closing Remarks (Dr. Costas Chassapis, Deputy Dean, School of Eng. &
Science, Stevens) 4:45 pm Poster Session, Networking, Lab Tours Available
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Abstracts for oral presentations
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1.1. A CONTROLLABLE, LONG SHELF LIFE MICRO BATTERY
ARCHITECTURE BASED ON HYDROPHOBIC, LYPOPHOBIC AND
MICRO-FLUIDIC PROPERTIES
Victor Lifton, Steve Simon
mPhase Technologies, Inc.
Contact Information:[email protected]
This talk will describe how our technical team has developed a novel reserve micro battery
architecture based on MEMS processing techniques that mimics one of the observed surface
interactions of superhydrophobic properties in structures such as the lotus leaf’s ability to repel
water, and extends the design to also repel very low surface tension organic liquid
electrolytes. This micro/nano structured MEMS silicon surface can be made tunable using
electrowetting techniques, to design a new class of power storage devices having very long shelf
life capabilities.
Keywords: MEMS, superhydrophobic, superlyophobic, battery, lithium
1.2. LOW VOLTAGE ACTUATION OF DROPLET UPON PPY
REDUCTION AND OXIDATION
Yao-Tsan Tsai, Ning Gao, Chang-Hwan Choi, Eui-Hyeok Yang,
Stevens Institute of Technology!
Contact Information: [email protected]
Conjugated polymers experience a change in their mechanical and electrical properties when
“doped” (i.e., undergo reduction and oxidization reactions). The surface state of polypyrrole
(PPy) can be switched from hydrophilic to hydrophobic due to re-orientation of its surfactant
dopant molecules, dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS). A tunable wetting of conjugated polymers is
proposed to be used as a novel interlayer material for manipulating droplets at low voltages (-
0.9V to 0.6V). The shape of an organic fluid droplet can be manipulated on a DBS doped PPy
upon electrochemical reactions. On the contrary to the conventional understanding that large
contact angle change enables droplet manipulation due to the Laplace pressure, the movement of
liquid-liquid contact line dominates the droplet deformation. Marangoni effect, i.e. a surface
tension gradient induced upon PPy redox enables a gradient force on the liquid-solid interface is
proposed to enable the droplet manipulation, which is envisioned to trigger droplet movement at
low voltage for lab-on-a-chip applications.
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1.3. ON-CHIP MICROFLUIDICS FOR ADVANCED
FUNCTIONALIZATION AND OPERATION OF MICROELECTRODE
ARRAYS
Isabel Burdallo1,2
, Anil Shrirao1, Antoni Baldi
2, Cecilia Jimenez-Jorquera
2, Raquel Perez-
Castillejos1
1ECE, NJIT
2CNM, Spain
Contact Information: [email protected]
We describe the fabrication and use of an on-chip microfluidic structure that provides
individual access to each one of the microelectrodes in an array. The pot ential of having several
sensing elements integrated to a single platform (i.e., array) is oftentimes limited by the inability
to expose each sensing element to a different set of solutions. The microfluidic system that we
present here provides individualized control over the liquid environment of each sensing
elements in the array. As a demonstrator of the synergy of combining microfluidics and arrays of
integrated sensors, we describe the use of a microfluidic system for functionalizing
independently each of the two microelectrodes in an array.
Keywords: microfluidics, hybrid device, microelectrode, microamperometer
1.4. AC ELECTROKINETICS IN MICROFLUIDICS FOR LAB-ON-A-
CHIP APPLICATIONS
Sarah E Du, Souran Manoochehri
Stevens Instiute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) technologies can be utilized in various laboratory operations and have
shown great potential in chemical, biologic al, clinical, and pharmaceutical applications. A
general operation platform would benefit LOC technologies significantly, allowing the user to
focus on specific application protocols rather than the design and operation of microfluidic
systems. A concept of AC electrokinetically driven microfluidic platform is proposed to serve as
the most fundamental layer for LOC applications which is capable in essential operations
including transport, mixing and separation. The electrokinetic actuation method rivals other
actuation mechanisms such as mechanical systems for its simple fabrication, high degrees of
parallelization and integration, and capabilities of multi-purpose manipulation of microfluids and
micro/nano-particles. A novel design of microgrooved configuration is utilized for AC
electrokinetic transport and pumping of microfluids with different ion concentrations. A hybrid
mixer consisting of both passive geometrical elements and active electric actuation is developed
for efficient mixing in microchannels. Finally, based the experimental observations and
theoretical analysis of coupling effects of viscous drag and dielectrophoresis on particle motions,
a concept of electrohydrodynamic flow mediated dielectrophoretic separator is proposed and
evaluated theoretically and numerically.
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1.5. LABEL-FREE CHARACTERIZATION OF TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENT BIOMOLECULAR BINDING BY MALDI-TOF MASS
SPECTROMETRY
Thai Huu Nguyen, Renjun Pei, Milan Stojanovic, Qiao Lin
Columbia University
Contact Information: [email protected]
We present a microfluidic approach to characterizing temperature-dependent biomolecular
interactions. Solvated L-arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its immobilized RNA aptamer
(spiegelmer) were allowed to achieve equilibrium binding in a microchip at a series of selected
temperatures. Unbound AVP were collected and analyzed with matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), yielding melting curves that reveal
highly temperature-dependent zones in which affinity binding (36-45 °C) or dissociation (25-
33 °C and 50-65 °C) occurs. Additionally, temperature-dependent binding isotherms, from which
thermodynamic quantities involved in binding, were extracted. The results illustrated a strong
change in heat capacity of interaction for this system, suggesting a considerable thermodyna mic
influence controlling vasopressin-spiegelmer interaction.
!
keywords Label-Free, Aptamer, Reversible Binding, MALDI-TOF MS, Microfluidic
1.6. NANOMANUFACTURING USING LEAN SIX SIGMA PRINCIPLES
Dhruv Sakalley, Michael G. Mauk, Vladimir E. Genis, James Hagarman, Yuri Gogotsi
Drexel University
Contact Information: [email protected]
We are developing experimental designs and protocols to apply Lean Six Sigma Statistical
Process Control (SPC) and Quality Assurance methodologies to bench-scale processes for
making nanomaterials and nanodevices. Under an NSF-sponsored Course Curriculum
Laboratory Improvement (CCLI) grant, nanotechnology experiments have been adapted to
simulate manufacturing processes for which students can apply statistical analysis, Process
Capability and Value-Added Analysis, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Design of
Experiments (DOE) and Taguchi methods, Robust Parameter and Tolerance Design, and
Response Surface Methodology. The experiments include synthesis of CdSe quantum dots,
template-controlled electrodeposition of magnetic nickel nanowires, organic light-emitting
diodes, and dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells. We use digital photography and
image processing to assess materials and device performance, and generate data sets suitable for
Six Sigma methodologies. This laboratory-based course will introduce students to the challenges
of nano-manufacturing, machine vision and image processing as tools for quality assurance, and
Six Sigma approaches to nano-manufacturing. Lean manufacturing principles (e.g., waste
reduction, low-volume, high-mix production) are incorporated into the laboratory.
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2.1. WAFER-SCALE FABRICATION OF METALLIC
NANOSTRUCTURES ON TRANSPARENT SUBSTRATES
Ke Du, Ishan Wathuthanthri, Weidong Mao, Chang-Hwan Choi
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
In this presentation, we will show our recent progress in fabricating wafer-scale metallic
nanostructures (Ti and Al) on transparent substrates. High aspect ratio photoresist patterns have
been fabricated by using interference lithography and the photoresist patterns can be transferred
onto metal films with transparent substrates (PDMS and glass) by using soft lithography
technique. Metal line patterns, pore patterns and dot patterns can all be fabricated by using the
proposed technique. Compared with other top-down fabrication techniques, the proposed
technique has the advantages as low cost and easiness in fabrication steps. Metal nanostructures
fabricated by this technique could be further used in imprinting lithography, surface enhanced
Raman Scattering (SERS) and other plasmonic applications.
Keywords: Metallic nanostructures, photoresist, interference lithography, soft lithography
2.2. ELECTRODELESS ELECTRO-HYDRODYNAMIC PRINTING OF
PERSONALIZED UNIT DOSAGES
Ezinwa Elele, Yueyang Shen, Boris Khusid
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
The need for small scale manufacturing of personalized treatments have been reinforced by
compelling evidence that substantial variability in drug efficacy in individuals depends on their
genetic map. Current pharmaceutical technologies are unable to meet this need since most
process are typically planned to target large population. A favorable and economical method of
small scale manufacturing of tailored therapeutic is found in Drop-on-demand (DOD) printing
which is widely used in graphic arts printing, electronics, biotechnology and micromachining.
However, the diverse physical properties encountered in pharmaceutical formulations poses an
impediment to the use of DOD for manufacturing of personalized treatments. The proposed
electro-hydrodynamic DOD printing method overcomes this critical challenge and uses a short
electrical pulse of an alternating voltage to precisely deposit a customized pendant drop formed
at a nozzle exit onto a porous or non por ous edible substrate. The latitude and ease in the
deposition of drops of different physical properties makes it attractive for small scale
manufacturing of personalized treatment and in other applications where precise deposition of
drops is required.
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2.3. THE NANOAQUARIUM: A PLATFORM FOR IN SITU
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF PROCESSES IN
LIQUID MEDIA
Joseph Grogan and Haim H. Bau
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics
University of Pennsylvania
Contact Information: [email protected]
Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) and scanning transmission electron microscopes
(STEMs) are among the most powerful nanoscale imaging tools available to the scientific
community today, producing detailed images with resolution in the nanometer or even sub-
nanometer range. These high resolution imaging tools, however, cannot readily be used to
observe dynamical processes occurring in liquid media without addressing two experimental
hurdles: sample thickness and sample evaporation in the high vacuum microscope chamber.
There are many processes, such as colloidal crystal formation, aggregat ion, nanowire growth,
electrochemical deposition, and biological interactions, whose understanding would benefit
greatly from real-time, direct imaging with a TEM/STEM. We have developed a liquid cell
TEM/STEM device, dubbed the nanoaquarium, consisting of a hermetically-sealed, 100 nm tall,
liquid-filled chamber sandwiched between two freestanding, 50 nm thick silicon nitride
membranes. Embedded electrodes are integrated into the device for sensing and actuation. Our
fabrication approach, based on direct wafer bonding, affords thinner cross-sections than in any
previously reported devices and thus enables improved contrast and resolution. Additionally, our
fabrication approach allows for high-yield mass production of devices. Direct observation of
dynamical processes in the nanoaquarium, such as diffusion limited aggregation of gold
nanoparticles, demonstrate useful preliminary results.
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2.4. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED ROBOTIC MICROSWIMMERS
U Kei Cheang, Dheeraj Roy, Jun Hee Lee, Min Jun Kim
Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Department, Drexel University
Contact Information: [email protected]
A biomimetic microswimmer has been fabricated and controlled in a low Reynolds number
fluidic environment. The device utilizes flagellar filaments isolated from Salmonella
typhimurium to mimic the naturally occurring propulsion mechanism of bacteria. The
microswimmer included a micro-scale polystyrene bead conjugated to a nano-scale magnetic
bead via a flagellar filament using avidin-biotin linkages. The flagella served two purposes; first,
as a fluidic actuator for device propulsion and, second, as a coupler for the polystyrene beadm
which represents a drug filled vesicle or polymeric encapsulation. The propulsion energy was
supplied by an external rotating magnetic field generated by a set of electromagnetic coils
designed in an approximate Helmholtz configuration. In conjunction with a LabVIEW interface,
a DAQ controller was used to generate an AC current output from the power supply to the
electromagnetic coils and generate a rotating magnetic field. A high-speed camera provided real-
time imaging of the microswimmer motion in a static fluidic environment. Numerical analysis
was performed to develop a simulation of the magnetic control system and the microswimmer
under a simulated magnetic field. The robotic microswimmers exhibited active propulsion in
two-dimensional magnetic fields, which demonstrates the possibility for future biomedical
applications, such as drug delivery.
2.5. TOWARDS AN AUTONOMOUS MEMS SCALE VIBRATION
ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICE WITH RESONANCE FREQUENCY
TUNABILITY
Vinod Challa, M. G. Prasad, Frank T. Fisher
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
Vibration energy harvesting seeks to convert kinetic energy existent in mechanical vibrations
to small but useful levels of electrical energy to power wireless sensors and ultra low power
devices. Increases in power density and wide frequency range operability of these devices are
necessary for the future deployment of this technology. In this regard, MEMS scale device
development and frequency tunability is being widely pursued as a means to provide efficient
powering of the devices in a manner easily integrated as an on-chip power source for MEMS
sensors. In this work, an effort towards the development of a MEMS scale vibration energy
harvesting device is presented. Included within the design is resonance frequency tunability,
which allows the device to be tuned to various source frequencies in the tunable bandwidth. Here
magnetic force resonance frequency tuning technique is employed to induce the desired amount
of additional stiffness; the mode of the magnetic force (attractive, repulsive) would allow the
device to be tuned to lower and higher source frequencies with respect to the untuned natural
frequency of the device. Apart from development of a MEMS scale prototype device, ongoing
efforts to incorporate autonomous selftunability will be presented.
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Abstracts for poster sessions
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HEAT AND PRESSURE ASSISTED ELECTROSTATIC DEPOSITION OF
GRAPHENE
Christina Alecci, Joseph Katigbak, Johanna Heureaux, and E.H. Yang
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
Our research involves anodic bonding-based graphene synthesis. Anodic Bonding is a
industrial process used to chemically bind two surfaces together through intimate contact brought
about by and intense electric field, heat and pressure. Typically, graphene is made by methods
such as mechanical exfoliation, but we are optimizing graphene yields per wafer by using the
anodic bonding method. We are further developing the anodic bonding process to produce
graphene on SiO2 wafers and pyrex by varying the amount of heat, pressure and voltage. The
fabricated samples are scanned using an optical microscope. After all of the graphene pieces are
found, Raman Spectroscopy is used to determine how many graphene flakes are monolayer.
Graphene has immense commercial value. Researchers hope to use graphene in replace of silicon
making flexible electronics, touch screens and sensors.
!
Keywords: anodic bonding, graphene, raman spectroscopy, exfoliation
CHARACTERIZATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS USING
ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY
S. M. Arifuzzaman1, Fei Liu
1, A. N. Nordin
2, D. Spray
3, I. Voiculescu
1
1City College of New York
2Kulliyyah of Engineering IIUM
3Kennedy Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Contact Information: [email protected]
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is a non-destructive electrical approach to
monitor integrity of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion in living cells in vitro and in real time.
The ECIS approach uses cells that are grown on planar gold electrodes fabricated on the surface
of culture wells. The electrical impedance between the electrodes is measured and recorded for a
frequency range as a function of time. As cells grow on the electrodes the insulating properties of
the cells can be detected, since the cells contribute with additional resistance to the circuit. The
impedance incre ases with increasing cell density and reaches equilibrium when the cells are
confluent. The ECIS signal is extremely sensitive to the cell attachment on the electrodes,
chemical, biological and physical challenges. Thus, the ECIS signal can be used as a real time in
vitro bioanalytical measure of the cell behavior. In this paper we report on the electrical
impedance spectroscopy characterization of endothelial cell lines (RFPEC) using commercially
available eight-well cell culture impedance arrays (ECIS-8W1E and 8W10E+). The impedance
measurements were recorded with cell culture medium (without cells) and with endothelial cell
layer in the culture medium over a frequency range from 100 Hz to 64 KHz.
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS
FACILITY FOR NANOPARTICLE GENERATION
Thomas Barkley, Jenna Vastano, Smitesh Bakrania,
Rowan University
Contact Information: [email protected]
This work involves design and construction of a combustion synthesis f acility with the goal
of studying the mechanics of particle formation through combustion as well as producing
nanoparticles for use in other studies and applications. At Rowan, a co-flow diffusion burner was
designed to support stoichiometric methane – air combustion providing high temperature zone
for synthesis. Tetramethyl tin is used as the liquid precursor to form tin dioxide nanoparticles.
The chemical precursor is delivered through a bubbler to the burner using argon as a carrier gas.
Particles are deposited via thermophoresis onto a cooling plate for further analysis or for use in
other applications. Material characterization on the particles is performed using electron
microscopy or x-ray diffraction. The current work describes the construction and the
characterization of the facility. A preliminary investigation on the range of particles the facility is
capable of producing is included. Further studies will involve altering the particle residence time
and combus tion temperature with various flame geometries to achieve better control over
particle morphology and size.
Keywords: Combustion Synthesis, Nanoparticles, Tin Dioxide, Flame, Facility Design
SELF-ACTUATING MICROVALVE FOR INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE
RELIEF
David Barth, Frank T. Fisher, and E.H. Yang
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
Glaucoma, a major cause of blindness, is treated by lowering the pressure in the anterior
chamber of the eye through drugs, surgery, or implantation of a drainage device. Glaucoma
drainage Devices (GDDs) are effective at lowering intraocular pressure even in severe cases of
glaucoma, but have a number of risks and disadvantages including risk of infection, dangerous
drops in pressure, and progressive failure over time due to scar tissue. A design for a self-
actuated active one-way microvalve is proposed to provide fine control over aqueous humor
outflow while preventing backflow, which can introduce bacteria into the eye, causing severe
infection. The actuation principle is based on a bimorph cantilever beam made of a polymer
substrate and a hydrogel layer that expands under increased hydrostatic pressure, causing the
cantilever to bend. The hydrogel will be a temperature sensitive hydrogel such as PNIPAm, with
its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) tuned to be extremely close to the temperature in
the human eye, so small changes in pressure will alter the LCST and cause significant changes in
the volume of the material.
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NANOGENERATOR FOR MECHANICAL ENERGY HARVESTING
USING PZT NANOFIBERS
Xi Chen1, Shiyou Xu
1, Nan Yao
2, Yong Shi
1
1Stevens Institute of Technology
2Princeton University
Contact Information: [email protected]
Energy harvesting technologies that are engineered to miniature sizes, while still increasing
the power delivered to wireless electronics, portable devices, stretchable electronics and
implantable bio-sensors are strongly desired. Piezoelectric nano wire and fiber based generators
have potential uses for powering such devices through a conversion of mechanical energy into
electrical energy. However, the piezoelectric voltage constant of the semiconductor piezoelectric
nanowires in the recently reported piezoelectric nanogenerators are lower than that of PZT
nanomaterials. Here we report a piezoelectric nanogenerator based on lead zirconate titanate
(PZT) nanofibers. The PZT nanofibers, with a diameter and length of approximately 60 nm and
500 !m, were aligned on interdigitated electrodes of platinum fine wires and packaged using a
soft polymer on a silicon substrate. The measured output voltage and power under periodic stress
application to the soft polymer was 1.63V and 0.03 !W, respectively.
!
Keywords: lead zirconate titanate (PZT), piezoelectric nanogenerator, nano fiber;
electrospinning; mechanical energy, bio-MEMS
NANOCALORIMETER FOR EVALUATION OF PROTEIN FOLDING
AND LIGAND B
Xiaoming Chen, Ming Lu, Lei Zuo
Stony Brook University
Contact Information: [email protected]
The objective of the project is to enable comprehensive and rapid evaluation of the protein
folding and ligand binding at the early stage of drug discovery by developing a new generation
of nanocalorimeters array in microplate footprint which reduces the protein consumption from 1
ml to 10 !l and decreases the measurement time from hours to minutes. As an initial study, in
this poster we report a fabrication process at BNL clean room and the characterization of a
simplified nanocalorimeter using silicon carbide (SiC) as temperature sensing material. DC
magnetron sputtering is used to prepare the SiC film. The deposition conditions and performance
of SiC were investigated. The results show amorphous silicon carbide is a promising material for
this application.
!
Keywords: Nanocalorimeter, Drug Discovery, Amorphous Silicon Carbide
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CAGING MICROMANIPULATION FOR AUTOMATED
MICROASSEMBLY OF MEMS COMPONENTS
Michael Fatovic, Utsav Shah, David Cappelleri
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
An inverted optical microscope is being used as a testbed fo r automated caging
micromanipulation to be used for microassembly of MEMS components. The testing apparatus
consists of an inverted optical microscope, and four micromanipulators that have an incremental
step size of 62.5 nanometers per step. These four micromanipulators will be used to control an
object whose size is in the micro scale. The object will be surrounded, or caged, by the four
micromanipulators which will in turn give full control to the movement of the object to the
micromanipulators. Once the object is in full control it can then be moved, and rotated, about a
calculated path. This path will be calculated in such a way that the object will move to the
desired location in the most efficient path while avoiding obstacles. !
ANTIBODY FUNCTIONALIZED SEGMENTED NANOWIRE FOR CELL
SEPARATION AND DIRECT RAMAN DETECTION
Ning Gao, Hongjun Wang, Eui-Hyeok Yang
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
In this work, cell separation technique has been explored at first by using antibody-
functionalized Ni nanowires. An antibody (anti-CD31) against mouse endothelial cells (MS1)
was conjugated to the Ni nanowire surface. The measured cytotoxicity was negligible on the CD-
31 antibody-functionalized nanowires by the tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay. The use of
functionalized nanowires for magnetically separating MS1 cells revealed that the cell separation
yield was closely related to cell concentration and the nanowire/cell ratio. Cell separation yield
using functionalized Ni nanowires was compared with that using commercial magnetic beads.
Considering the volume difference of the material used between the beads and nanowires,
antibody-functionalized nanowires showed an obvious advantage in cell separation. The study on
the effect of Ni nanowires on MS1 cells for extended culture confirmed that cell mor phology
remained comparable to control cells with a lower proliferation rate. These results demonstrate
that antibody-functionalized Ni nanowires provide an effective means to separate target cells. In
further work, to implement the direct detection of target cells after cell separation, functionalized
segmented Au-Ni nanowires with SERS hot-spots are used. The part of Ni nanowire will be used
for magnetic separation. The nanoparticle-nanowire structure with Raman hot-spots will provide
SERS signals from target cells.
!
Keywords: Segmented nanowires, cell separation, surface enhanced Raman scattering, detection
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OPTOFLUIDIC MICRORING RESONATOR SENSORS
Michael Grad, Chee Wei Wong, Daniel Attinger
Columbia University
Contact Information: [email protected]
Optofluidics is an emerging field that combines microfluidics and optics. We present the
integration of nanophotonic waveguiding structures in microchannels for refractive index sensing
purposes. Using deep-UV lithography and plasma etching, microring resonators are fabricated
from Silicon (nSi = 3.6) on Silicon Dioxide (nSiO2 = 1.5) with waveguides 250nm thick and
500nm wide, and ring diameters from 10-40µm. The resonators are embedded at the bottom of
microfluidic channels cast in PDMS with cross sections of 40µmx100µm. Near-IR light is
confined in the waveguides due to total internal reflection caused by the index contrast between
the Silicon, SiO2, and the fluid cladding layer. Changes in the refractive index of the fluid
cladding, i.e. by different fluids, temperatures, concentrations, film thicknesses, or biomolecular
adsorption, will cause measurable shifts to the spectral location of the resonant peak. Two
applications of these sensors are demonstrated. First, steady state measurements of different
concentrations of aqueous salt solutions are performed, showing a sen sitivity of 140
nm/Refractive Index Units (RIU) and detection limit of 3.2x10-5 RIU. Second, transient
measurements of thin liquid films associated with segmented flow in microfluidic channels.
Measurement of sub-micrometer thicknesses is demonstrated with uncertainty ~15nm.
Keywords: microfluidics, optofluidics, microring resonators, refractive index sensing, film
thickness
ATOMIC-SCALE FRICTION CONTROL BY VIBRATION FOR AFM
SYSTEMS
Yi Guo, Zheng Wang, Wenlin Zhang
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
We propose a feedback control mechanism to reduce the nano-scale friction in t he AFM
sliding system. It is well known that the sliding friction will decrease when a high-frequent
small-scale vibration is properly added to the sliding elements. Using the direct motion
separation technique, we designed a theoretic control law to adjust the vibration parameters (e.g.,
amplitude and frequency), in order to automatically reduce the friction force between the AFM
tip and the substrate. We plan to perform experiments in the AFM system to verify our theoretic
results.
!
Keywords: Friction Control, AFM system, direct motion separation
! ! !
A MICROFLUIDIC AFFINITY COCAINE SENSOR
John P. Hilton, ThaiHuu Nguyen, Renjun Pei, Milan Stojanovic, Qiao Lin
Columbia University
Contact Information: [email protected]
Detection of trace cocaine and other illicit materials is of great importance to law
enforcement. Currently, cocaine detection is commonly accomplished using methods such as gas
chromatography and mass spectroscopy. These methods are cumbersome, requiring a significant
amount of time and complex laboratory facilities. To address these problems, we present a
microfluidic aptasensor for fluorescently based, highly sensitive cocaine detection. The device
exploits sensing surfaces coated with a high-affinity aptamer, which is a single-stranded DNA
oligomer capable of specifically targeting cocaine. Detection of the bound cocaine is
accomplished via a fluorophore-quencher pair that dissociates in the presence of cocaine,
resulting in an increase in fluorescence. Additionally, the device utilizes thermally induced
release of the cocaine and quencher from the aptamer surface to enable convenient device
regeneration and reuse. Our results show that the aptasensor is highly selective to cocaine, with a
detection limit of 100 pM and an eight-orders-of-magnitude dynamic range, and can be
regenerated at modest temperatures (approximately 60°C).
!
Keywords: cocaine, aptamer, microfluidic, sensor, fluorescence
A PERMITTIVITY-BASED MEMS AFFINITY GLUCOSE SENSOR WITH
INTEGRATED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
Xian Huang1, Siqi Li
2, Jerome Schultz
3, Qian Wang
2, Qiao Lin
1
1Columbia University
2University of South Carolina
3University of California, Riverside
Contact Information: [email protected]
We present a proof-of-concept MEMS affinity sensor that measures the changes in dielectric
properties of poly(acrylamide-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) (PAA-ran-PAAPBA)
polymer due to its specific, reversible binding with glucose. This sensor comprises capacitive
electrodes sandwiching a solution of PAA-ran-PAAPBA polymer. Binding with glucose induces
changes in the permittivity of the polymer, which can be measured as changes in capacitance to
allow determination of the glucose concentration. A thin-film temperature sensor is also
integrated within the device to maintain the polymer solution at a constant temperature via
closed-loop control. Testing of the device with varying glucose-sensitive polymer compositions
has shown that the device is capable of detecting glucose at physiologically relevant
concentrations with excellent sensitivi ty and specificity. These results indicate that this MEMS-
based sensor can be practically used for long-term, stable continuous glucose monitoring.
! ! !
MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES FOR STUDYING INTERCELLULAR
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA (DRG)
Neha Jain, Bryan J. Pfister, Raquel Perez-Castillejos
NJIT
Contact Information: [email protected]
We describe an in-vitro system for studying the interaction between dorsal root ganglia in a
controlled microenvironment. DRGs are located in the spinal cord and contain cell bodies of
sensory neurons. The relevance of this study is in its possible application to spinal-cord injuries,
the published incidence rates of which range 28 - 55 million people in the USA. Injuries in the
central nervous system are particularly deleterious to the quality of life of patients due to their
permanence. Here we present a microfluidic device that enables the study of the communication
between two DRGs as a model of the gaps that result from traumatic spinal-cord injuries. Despite
most of the past work have been done using animal models, microfluidic devices provide better
control over the experimental parameters of the study than animal models. The height of the
microchamber was chosen such that the body of the DRG remained trapped in the well and only
the axons branching out of the main body were able to expand into the microchamber. Hence,
this device makes it possible to study the intercellular communication between DRGs by
controlling precisely the distance between them.
Keywords: microfluidics, tissue engineering, cell-cell communication, neural engineering
THIN FILM AND MICRO/NANO INITIATORS INTEGRATED WITH
ENERGETICS
Seongjin Jang, Sarah Du, Daizong Li, Kishore Pochiraju, Souran Manoochehri
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
We have developed experimental and simulation methods for characterizing the performance
of initiators and characterize electrical and burst performance of thin film and micro/nanowire
initiators. Metal (Cr/Au) thin film bridges with right angle, curved angle, and 45 degree slope
were designed and fabricated on SiO2 substrate by photolithographic patterning. Integration
processes of initiators with energetic materials have been investigated for rapid manufacture
micro devices. Au microwires with 2.5 mm length and 25 µm diameters were ignited using
voltages in the range of 147 ~ 615 V charged using four 68 µF capacitors. We also compared
experimental results with simulation results based on RLC circuit model.
! ! !
DESIGN OF A MICRO-SCALE MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MICROROBOT
Wuming Jing, Xi Chen, Sean Lyttle, Zhenbo Fu, Yong Shi
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
The talk includes the design, analysis, and performance results for a mobile microrobot that
was designed for competing in the 2010 NIST Mobile Microrobot Challenge. Inspired by a crab-
like microrobot driven by pulsating cardiomyocyte cells, an asymmetrically dimensioned
magnetostrictive thin film bimorph microrobot has been designed. Utilizing the magnetostrictive
principle, different bending and blocking forces occur under the robot\'s feet due to the in-plane
strain generated in the bimorphs by the application of external magnetic fields in the workspace
of the microrobot. The differences in the res ulting frictional forces drive the movement of the
robot body. To calculate and simulate whether the feet of the robot can generate enough force for
locomotion, the design was abstracted and translated into a piezoelectric cantilever FEM model.
The results are consistent with the magnetostrictive theoretical equations. Microrobot fabrication
and test-bed development based on this analysis is shown along with experimental results
validating this approach. Finally, a discussion of the performance results and recommendations
for future improvements are provided.
AMINO ACID SENSING THROUGH ENERGY TRANSFER
MECHANISMS IN DENDRITIC ARRAYS
Joseph Katigbak, Stevens Institute of Technology
Dr. Kenneth Yamaguchi, New Jersey City University
Contact Information: [email protected]
Fluorescence quenching via Forster resonance energy transfer can be used to detect the
presence of certain molecules. FRET is commonly used in proteomic studies. Detec tion of
smaller biomolecules can be done using fluorescence quenching of a donor-acceptor dye pair by
the direct coupling of the biomolecule to the pair. Constructing a dendritic donor-intermediate-
acceptor dye array can greatly improve the sensitivity of biomolecule sensing by the cascade
effect neighboring dyes. Coupling of a biomolecule to the outlying donor dyes reduces the
emission of the donor, which affects the overall spectra of the array. A diheptyl fluorene dye
coupled to a Napthalic dianhydride(NDA) moiety acts as the donor, with the NDI serving as a
point for amino acid attachment. A bay substituted Perylene tetracarboxylic imine (PTCDI) acts
as an intermediate. The core of the array terminated to a modified anthraquinone dye. Stepwise
growth of the array is done to ensure the dendritic arrangement of the molecules. Adding certain
moieties to the donor side can greatly affect the specificity of the array to certain hydrophobic
and hydrophilic molecules.
Keywords: biomolecule, sensing, dye, dendrimers, Forester resonance energy transfer, FRET
! ! !
GRAPHENE NANOCUTTING VIA CVD PROCESS
Youn-Su Kim, Onejae Sul, Vikram Patil, Eui-Hyeok Yang
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
The discovery of graphene and, consequently, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has set a new
dimension for nanoscale carbon science. Because of their fascinating electrical and mechanical
properties, graphene and related materials have been intensively studied. A recently developed
technique for graphene growth via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) showed success in
generating wafer-scale, high-crystalline quality graphene samples. However, the production of
graphene with smooth edges, well-defined shapes, and controlled edge configuration (zigzag or
armchair edged) is still a challenge to realize the graphene devices. Theoretical predictions
indicate that the physical properties and performance of GNRs devices depend on its scale and
edge configuration. Graphene nanoribbons have already been produced using plasma etching,
scanning tunneling microscopy lithography, and atomic force microscopy anodic oxidation.
Recently, Nanocutting of graphene sheets has been realized using nanometer-sized metal
particles with hydrogen gas (catalytic hydrogenation). This nanocutting process can generate
various shapes of graphene pieces. Here, we report a nanocutting technique for CVD grown
graphene with single and few layers to produce crystallographically oriented cuts in contrast to
the same process in exfoliated graphene.
NANOSCALE GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE LITHOGRAPHY
USING AN ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE
Kitu Kumar, Onejae Sul, M.G. Prasad, Stefan Strauf, Frank Fisher, E.H. Yang
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
In this work, nanoscale anodic oxidation lithography using an Atomic Force Microscope
(AFM) is systematically studied on graphene and carbon nanotubes. Trends between the
produced feature size and the corresponding process parameters such as applied voltage, water
meniscus length, tip speed during oxidation (holdtime), and humidity are observed. By
methodically varying these process parameters, we have found the appropriate working ranges to
create features of various sizes based on the oxidation of the carbon structure. Feature sizes down
to 27 nm were obtained. Optimizing the tip speed during linescans was found to be critical in
maintaining the presence of the water meniscus which was found to break above a tip speed of
1.00 µm/s. In addition other factors affecting the reproducibility of the results are addressed in an
endeavor to make the oxidization process more robust and repeatable.
Keywords: Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, Oxidation Lithography, Atomic Force Microscope
! ! !
TiO2 NANOFIBER-BASED DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL
Jinwei Li, Daizong Li, Yong Shi
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are promising photovoltaic devices as they offer
advantages such aslow cost and easy for fabrication et al. The key part of the original DSSC is a
sintered film of nanoparticles which has a large surface area for the absorption of dyes. It has
been reported that boundaries of nanoparticles diminish the efficiency of charge transport in the
nanoparticle network, and lead to charge–carrier recombination. The one dimensional
morphology of the nanofiber is believed to improve electron transport efficiency without
sacrificing the high specific surface area for theadsorption of dyes. In this paper, TiO2 nanofibers
are used to replace TiO2 nanoparticles in the DSSC. The film of nanofibers was synthesized by
electrospinning process and collected on the transparent conductive glass substrate. The
precursor used for the electrospinning of the nanofiber consists of titanium(IV) isopropoxide,
acetate acid, ethanol and poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP). After the electrospinning process,
nanofibers were pretreated at 120°C for 2hours and annealed at 500°C in atmosphere for another
2 hours. Then DSSC with the film of TiO2 nanofibers were assembled and characterized through
electrical measurements.
MICROPLASMA REFORMING OF HYDROCARBONS
Peter J. Lindner, Ron Besser
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
Portable power sources can be provided to today’s military by reforming high energy density
fuels into hydrogen for compact fuel cells. The overall focus of this research is to understand the
reforming capability of hydrocarbons within a microplasma reactor. To date we have designed,
fabricated and tested our microplasma-reactor devices. These devices have been used in
experiments with inert gases to test their viability as plasma devices, with pure hydrocarbons to
determine characteristics of these gases, and also produced experiments which showed the
reforming process of lighter hydrocarbons such as methane and butane. These MEMS devices
are designed with electrical connections to ignite the plasma and a microchannel to allow for
reactants to flow through. We plan to present experimental results from current microplasma
reforming reactions, which will show results with various compounds, specifically volatile
hydrocarbons. It is expected that these reaction experiments will result in conversion efficiency
data through a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. By varying reaction
types and operating parameters, we hope to ultimately determine the optimal conditions for the
conversion of larger hydrocarbon fuels, such as JP-8, into a hydrogen-rich stream.
! ! !
MEMS-BASED DETECTION OF THE ATTACHMENT OF SMALL
COLONIES OF CELLS
Fei Liu, S. M. Arrifuzzaman, A. Nordin, Ioana Voiculescu
Mechanical Engineering Department, City College of New York, NY
International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The poster will present the concept and partial fabrication of a MEMS biosensor for real-time
detection of the attachment of small colonies of normal or cancer cells or individual cells. The
biosensing technique used in this research is based on two types of measurements on live cells;
(1) resonant frequency measurements using a shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW)
piezoelectric resonator and (2) electric cell-substrate impedance (ECIS) measurements. The key
strength of this MEMS biosensor is the combination of these two highly successful techniques
through the placement of detecting microelectrodes for ECIS technique on the acoustic path of
the SH-SAW piezoelectric resonator. The ECIS measurements on live cancer and normal cell
lines will monitor the cells’ attachment and viability. The resonant frequency shifts will provide
clear additional information about cell attachment, growth and cell detachment from the
measurement electrodes.
The MEMS biosensor for testing the cell attachment and viability will be based on a MEMS
SH-SAW resonator integrated with ECIS technique. Both techniques, resonant frequency shifts
and ECIS measurements, complement each other in terms of their biological information,
making it doubly advantageous when coupled together in a single MEMS biosensor. In this
project for the first time these techniques will be combined in a biosensor.
The combination of biosensors will be able to simultaneously perform, in real time, two
different types of electric measurements on the same cell: (1) recording the impedance spectra of
a small number of cells and even single cell, that will report on the stiffness and adhesion,
viability and ion channel activity of the cell, and (2) monitoring the resonant frequency of the
resonator that will give information about the progression of cell adhesion, cell growth, cell
viscoelasticity and cell detachment. In this way we will be able to map the whole cell in terms of
stiffness and adhesion. The sensor will be used to study cancer cells.
We consider the SH-SAW piezoelectric resonator because it is better suited for liquid sensing
applications due to the minimal damping of the SAW acoustic wave. The impedance sensor
consists of two metal electrodes: one large common reference electrode and one small working
electrode.
In this poster a simple SH-SAW resonator fabricated on Lithium Niobate piezoelectric
substrate will be presented. The microfabrication steps required for the SH-SAW resonator
along with resonant frequency measurements will be explained. !
! ! !
DYNAMIC CHEMICAL VAPOR SENSING WITH NANOFIBROUS FILM
BASED SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE SENSORS
Sai Liu
University of Massachusetts Lowell
Contact Information: [email protected]
We report on the use of electrospun nanofibrous film for surface acoustic wave (SAW)
sensors to enhance its chemical detection capability. Ultrafine (100 - 300 nm) polyethylene oxide
(PEO) fibers with controlled thickness and porosity were electrospun-coated on the surface of a
ST-cut quartz SAW sensor. The nanofibrous film provides a high surface area to volume ratio,
which can not only offer more adsorption sites for vapor molecu les, but also shortens the
diffusion length of vapor molecules into polymer material. Compared to conventional thin film
coating techniques, the nanofiber-coated SAW sensor shows a higher sensitivity and faster
response (shorter adsorption/desorption times). In addition, a theoretical analysis was performed
to understand SAW sensor response with nanofibrous film coating. It is concluded that the
nanofiber film holds a great potential in enhancing SAW sensor performance for trace level
detection of chemical analytes.
!
!
!
NANO-ENGINEERING THE PEMFC CATHODE CATALYST LAYER –
MEMBRANE INTERFACE FOR ELEVATED POWER DENSITY
Ayokunle Omosebi, Robin Crownover, Ronald S. Besser
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
The Catalyst Layer–Membrane Interface of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell
plays a pivotal role in its performance. At this interface, electrons, protons, and gaseous oxidant
meet in a three-phase reaction, whose inefficiency is a primary contributor to fuel cell
performance losses. This project integrates patterning and deposition methods from
nanotechnology with Nafion-based proton exchange membranes to improve the performance of a
fuel cell. In the integration process, a departure is made from the conventional flat structure of
the Catalyst Layer – Membrane Interface to a three-dimensional interface which will enhance the
contact area by 10X. This will result in the better conductance of the membrane and will permit
the reduction of the thickness of the catalyst layer at a given loading. The combined effect of the
enhancement will ameliorate the kinetic, ohmic, and concentration polarizations common to the
flat struct ure Catalyst Layer – Membrane Interface. In addition to performance losses, the
emergence of the PEM fuel cells as a dominant technology is also limited by cost, as the price of
loading precious metal catalysts is high. Therefore, this project will demonstrate the feasibility of
using increased interfacial area to significantly reduce catalyst loading and performance losses.
!
Keywords: Nafion, PEMFC, nanopatterning
! ! !
BENCHTOP FABRICATION OF MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES BY SOFT-
LITHOGRAPHIC REPLICATION OF PATTERNED TAPE
Anil B. Shrirao, Raquel Perez-Castillejos
ECE, NJIT
Contact Information: [email protected]
We describe a method to fabricate microfluidic devices using only bench-top materials and
tools (adhesive tape, scalpel, 65°C oven, glass slides, and PDMS). We base our developments on
soft lithography. But access to photolithography is often limited in non-engineering-focused
settings—e.g., biologically-oriented research institutions or teaching-intensive colleges and high
schools. Non-photolithographic techniques exist. Compared to those techniques, ours is the very
simplest way to fabricate PDMS devices, as it uses bench-top materials and tools only. First we
attach one (or more) tape layer to a glass slide and pattern the tape with a blade following the
lines of the design, removed the extra tape, and replicated the master in PDMS. The tape
thickness (~ 60 !m) sets the height of the microchannels. Larger heights result from stacking
several tape layers. For maximum simplicity, we used a scalpel to pattern the tape with features
larger than 0.25 mm—laser cutters or robotic blades could be used for higher precision. We have
replicated the same tape master up to 50 times and did not show signs of wear. We demonstrate
the use of the technology for microfluidics and very-thick electrodes made with molten solder.
PHOTONIC THIN FILM DEVICE INTEGRATION AND ITS
APPLICATION
Fuchuan Song, Jing Xiao, Sang-Woo Seo
City College of New York
Contact Information: [email protected]
By using a thin film device format, wh ich is optimized in its host-substrate, integration of
photonic thin film devices onto silicon substrate does not interfere with a post layer-by-layer
process and provides the best performance of both III-V semiconductor based photonic devices
and silicon based electronics. We demonstrated that array of thin film photodetectors can be
efficiently self-aligned and integrated onto designed integration areas using a fluidic self-
assembly assisted heterogeneous integration. This would lead a way for wafer-scale integration
of various photonic devices to realize advanced photonic integrated system. Also, the first
demonstration of a lab-on-a chip detecting system consisting of microfluidic channels and a thin
film GaAs PD heterogeneously integrated onto a SiO2-Si substrate is reported. Using a flow
focusing geometry, we obtained fluorescent drop formations in the liquid-oil system as a
function of flow rate ratios of a biphasic flow. The proposed three-dimensional integration
structure allows sophisticated signal processing and bio/chemical analysis in a chip scale using
the integration of microfluidics, photonics, and electronics on a single substrate.
! ! !
NANOBIMORPH SYSTEMS BASED ON NANOWIRES AND
NANOTUBES FOR SUB-MICRON SCALE ACTUATION AND FORCE
GENERATION
Onejae Sul, Seongjin Jang, Eui-Hyeok Yang
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
Bimorph actuators have long history in the development and applications in many fields. In
recent years, as the nano-science and technology evolves, the requirements for the manipulation
of sub-micron scale objects or for applying tiny force on other objects using a nano-bimorph has
increased in fields such as biomaterials, artificial muscles, nanorobots, and nanoantennas. We
have developed several kinds of nano-bimorph systems, e.g., aluminum-multiwalled carbon
nanotube, aluminum-nickel, and nickel-polypyrrole bimorphs. Typically a thin film of metal was
deposited using pulsed laser deposition or thermal evaporation on top of a nanotube or nanowire.
These bimorphs were actuated by thermal mismatches of the paired materials, and the
characterization of such systems found that their tip deflections and the force generated at the
tips agree the predictions of the bimorph deflection theory. Their thermal deflection amplitudes
were repeatable over multiple thermal cycles, and the force measurement was done by lateral
force microscopy technique, with the range of the forces generated from 1 nN to 1 !N.
Keywords: Bimorph, lateral force microscopy, pulsed laser deposition, nanoactuator
SELF-ASSEMBLY OF NANOWIRES AT THREE-PHASE CONTACT
LINES ON SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES !
Yao-Tsan Tsai, Wei Xu, Eui-Hyeok Yang, Chang-Hwan Choi
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
This work reports on a novel self-assembly method of nanowires using a superhydrophobic
surface as a template. Well-defined superhydrophobic structures on a template surface can
configure three-phase (liquid-solid-gas) contact lines at the structures’ tips and direct the site-
specific self-assembly of nanowires when the colloidal droplet of nanowires recedes in
evaporation. A uniformly dispersed nanowire suspension was dispensed and evaporated on the
superhydrophobic template surface at normal room conditions. The results show that nanowires
are mostly deposited on the structural tips because the air layer retained between the hydrophobic
surface structures prevent the liquid meniscus from reaching to the bottom trenches during
evaporation. The assembly rate on each tip and the alignment tendency along the surface pattern
vary depending on the template surface parameters and the nanowires colloidal states, requiring
further systematic studies on the effects. It is envisioned that well-tailored superhydrophobic
surfaces can serve as a novel template for highly-ordered and site-specific self-assembly of
functional nanomaterials in simple drying processes, significantly enhancing the capability to
realize future nanomaterial-based devices and systems.
! ! !
Fabrication and Characterization of Thermoelectric Oxide La1!xSrxCoO3
(x~0.05) Nanofibers
Weihe Xu, Yong Shi, Hamid Hadim
Stevens Institute of Technology
Contact Information: [email protected]
The P-type perovskite oxides La1W 22;xSrxCoO3 (x=0, 0.1) is a promising complex oxide
thermoelectric material. It is expected that its thermoelectric properties will be significantly
increased by making it into the nanofibers. In this paper, the La1"xSrxCoO3 (x~0.05) nanofibers
were prepared by the electrospinning process were reported. The precursor used for the
electrospinning of the nanofibers consists of La(NO3)3•6H2O, Co(NO3)3•6H2O, Sr(NO3)2 as
well as PVP for controlling the viscosity. After the electrospinning process, the nanofibers were
pretreated at 150°C, then annealed at 630°C in atmosphere. Various substrates such as aluminum
foil, silicon and quartz wafers were used to collect and anneal the nanofibers. It was found that
the nanofibers adhered well on the aluminum foil and silicon wafers. X-ray diffraction (XRD)
and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been conducted to characterize these
thermoelectric nanofibers. The XRD results showed that the nanofibers collect ed and annealed
on aluminum foil and silicon wafers exhibited the same crystal structures as that of the bulk
materials of the same composition. The SEM pictures unveiled the surface morphology of the
nanofibers obtained under different conditions. Thermoelectric performance and the Seebeck
coefficient of the nanofibers are to be measured.
!
Keywords: MEMS, Nano, Thermoelectric, Seebeck Coefficient
Christina Alecci Cetin Cetinkaya
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Clarkson University
[email protected] [email protected]
S. M. Arifuzzaman Vinod Challa
Mechanical Eng. Mechanical Engineering
CCNY Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Smitesh Bakrania Costas Chassapis
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Rowan University Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
David Barth U Cheang
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
Stevens Institute of Technology Drexel University
[email protected] [email protected]
Milan Begliarbekov I-En Chen
Physics and Engineering Physics Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Isabel Burdallo Qi Chen
ECE Mechanical Engineering
NJIT Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Chengyu Cao Xi Chen
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
University of Connecticut Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
David Cappelleri Chang-Hwan Choi
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
List of Participants
Brian DeFranco Ning Gao
Precision Munitions Mechanical Engineering
US Army RDECOM-ARDEC Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Ke Du Kartik Goyal
Mechanical Engineering Biomedical Engineering/Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Carnegie Mellon University
[email protected] [email protected]
Sarah Du Michael Grad
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Columbia University
[email protected] [email protected]
Ezinwa Elele Joseph Grogan
Chemical Enginnering Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics
NJIT University of Pennsylvania
[email protected] [email protected]
Michael Fatovic Greg Hader
Mechanical Engineering US Army RDECOM-ARDEC
Stevens Institute of Technology [email protected]
Frank Fisher Robert Hart
Mechanical Engineering University of Pennsylvania
Stevens Institute of Technology [email protected]
Jack Franklin John Hilton
University of Pennsylvania Mechanical Engineering
[email protected] Columbia University
Richard Galos Xian Huang
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Columbia University
Neha Jain Jinwei Li
Biomedical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
NJIT Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Seongjin Jang Sibi Li
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Wuming Jing Victor Lifton
Mechanical Engineering mPhase Technologies, Inc.
Stevens Institute of Technology [email protected]
Joseph Katigbak Peter Lindner
Mechanical Engineering Chemical Eng. and Material Science
Stevens Institute of Technology Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Boris Khusid Fei Liu
Chemical, Biological & Pharmaceutical Eng. Mechanical Engineering
NJIT CCNY
[email protected] [email protected]
Minjun Kim Sai Liu
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Drexel University U Mass Lowell
[email protected] [email protected]
Youn-Su Kim Stephanie Longo
Mechanical Engineering Precision Munitions
Stevens Institute of Technology US Army RDECOM-ARDEC
[email protected] [email protected]
Kitu Kumar Souran Manoochehri
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Stevens Institute of Technology
Preethi Moorthy Catherine Rice
Mechanical Engineering MET Tech, Inc.
Stevens Institute of Technology [email protected]
Thai Huu Nguyen Mahmut Selman Sakar
Mechanical Engineering Electrical and Systems Engineering
Columbia University Uni. of Pennsylvania
[email protected] [email protected],edu
Ayokunle Omosebi Dhruv Sakalley
Chemical Engineering and Material Science Applied Engg Tech
Stevens Institute of Technology Drexel University
[email protected] [email protected]
Nirmal Patel Lawrence Sasso
Mechanical Engineering Biomedical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Rutgers University
[email protected] [email protected]
Altida Patimetha Sang-Woo Seo
Chemical Engineering and Material Science Electrical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology CCNY
[email protected] [email protected]
Kishore Pochiraju Yueyang Shen
Mechanical Engineering Chemical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology NJIT
[email protected] [email protected]
Marehalli Prasad Yong Shi
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Chunmei Qiu Anil Shrirao
Chemcial Engineering ECE
Columbia University NJIT
Steve Simon Jenna Vastano
mPhase Technologies, Inc. Mechanical Engineering
[email protected] Rowan University
Fuchuan Song Xingwei Wang
Electrical Eng. Electrical and Computer Engineering
CCNY Uni. of Massachusetts Lowell
[email protected] [email protected]
Onejae Sul Kirk Witzel
Mechanical Engineering Picatinny Arsenal
Stevens Institute of Technology [email protected]
Hongwei Sun Jing Xiao
Mechanical Engineering Electrical Eng.
University of Massachusetts Lowell CCNY
[email protected] [email protected]
Siva Thangam Wei Xu
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Jason Thompson Weihe Xu
Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics Mechanical Engineering
Uni. of Pennsylvania Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Yifan Tong EH Yang
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Stevens Institute of Technology
[email protected] [email protected]
Yao-Tsan Tsai Guitao Zhang
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Stevens Institute of Technology
Wenlin Zhang Lei Zuo
Electrical and Computer Engineering Mechanical Engineering
Stevens Institute of Technology Stony Brook University
! ! !
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