201 Media Ecology€¦ · Ecology of News • At the same time, this competition for attention sets...
Transcript of 201 Media Ecology€¦ · Ecology of News • At the same time, this competition for attention sets...
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Journalism and New Media Ecology
Prof. Lewis Friedland J201
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Newspaper Economy
• Journalism depended on three legs.
• Sold newspapers to the public (direct revenue).
• Sold classified ads to public (direct revenue).
• Sold audiences to advertisers on a cost per thousand (CPM) basis (indirect revenue).
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Economics of News• Competition for the measurable attention of readers
and viewers.
• In the first place, the news is an economy of time and attention.
• Every communication medium competes with every other for attention: face-to-face, print, television, web-based, social media.
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Ecology of News
• At the same time, this competition for attention sets up a news (or media) ecology.
• Ecology: a system of organisms and populations that interact in an environment.
• Food chain: the network of species that consume each other for survival.
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Parallel structures• Organisms: the individual organizations (e.g. New York
Times) or platforms (e.g. Twitter).
• Populations: types of organizations (all newspapers) or platforms (all social media).
• Environment: the relevant space or scale in which different media interact (friendship networks, local communities, states, nations, the world).
• Resources: necessary for survival; time, attention that can be monetized directly (markets) or indirectly (nonprofits).
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Old Media Today
• Newspapers sold to the public are down (loss of subscribers).
• Classified revenue has almost disappeared (Craig’s List).
• Digital readership is rising, but revenue received from digital is small (.03 to .10 on dollar of print).
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Why does this matter?• Newspapers supply most local news, even for tv
and digital.
• As revenue falls, newspaper coverage gets thinner.
• Issues that are out of mainstream aren’t covered as much.
• So the news on all platforms gets thinner; the entire news ecosystem is gradually starved of news resources.
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Key Points• The news ecosystem is changing. Old media are
losing out and shrinking.
• But old media still supply most of the news input for the entire system.
• Even if people consume news at the same rates on digital, it only provides resources at 3-10% of traditional markets.
• Slowly the entire news ecosystem shrinks, not only old media.