2006 Copyright – Reflective Insulation Manufacturers Association

The

Reflective Insulation Manufacturers Association

Benefits of Benefits of Reflective Insulation Reflective Insulation & Radiant Barriers& Radiant Barriers

About RIMAAbout RIMAThe Reflective Insulation ManufacturersAssociation represents manufacturers anddistributors of reflective insulation, radiant barriers and interior radiation control coating materials.

RIMA activities are guided by an active board of industry members who participate on national and local levels of building code organizations and governmental agencies.

Visit us at www.rima.net.

Meet the PresentersMeet the Presenters

• Bill Lippy, Fi-Foil Company

• Dave Yarbrough, R&D Services

• Mike Boulding, TVM Building Products

OverviewOverview Installation

Use of R-Values and U-Values

Condensation Control

Q&A

InstallationInstallation

Bill LippyBill Lippy

Fi-Foil CompanyFi-Foil Company

RIMA Past PresidentRIMA Past President

How Do We Recommend How Do We Recommend Reflective Insulation Be Reflective Insulation Be Installed?Installed?

New Construction RoofNew Construction RoofThermal Breaks, Where and Why arethey Recommended?

New Construction WallsNew Construction Walls

Thermal Breaks, Where and Why are they Recommended?

Retrofit Retrofit

Metal Buildings - Wall and Metal Buildings - Wall and CeilingCeiling

Thermos Jug Thermos Jug DemonstrationDemonstration

What Is The Big Deal What Is The Big Deal About Reflective Air About Reflective Air Spaces?Spaces?

Reflective Air Spaces are Reflective Air Spaces are a Big Deala Big Deal

Non Reflective 3 ½” Air Space = R Non Reflective 3 ½” Air Space = R 1.221.22

A Reflective 3 ½” Air Space = R 9.60 A Reflective 3 ½” Air Space = R 9.60

The R-value depends on the The R-value depends on the dimensions of the Air Space.dimensions of the Air Space.

The R-value also depends on heat The R-value also depends on heat flow direction.flow direction.

• Improved LightingImproved Lighting• Condensate ControlCondensate Control• Easy to Install and/or RepairEasy to Install and/or Repair

Other BenefitsOther Benefits

Working Around Working Around ElectricityElectricity

•Working around electricity on site can be a hazard.

•Always know where primary electrical sources are located.

•Be careful of trip hazard around electrical cords.

Working in High WindWorking in High Wind

•Be aware of windy conditions.

•Wear appropriate fall protection gear.

•Follow same safety standards and precautions as with installing traditional insulation products.

Lime in Curing ConcreteLime in Curing Concrete

Laying material on freshly poured concrete will cause a chemical reaction and destroy the aluminum foil.

R-ValuesR-Values&&

U-ValuesU-Values

Dr. David YarbroughDr. David YarbroughR&D Services, Inc.R&D Services, Inc.

R&U Are Used to Calculate R&U Are Used to Calculate LoadsLoads

• Use conventional units: R in ft2∙h∙°F/Btu U in Btu/ ft2∙h∙°F

• Loads from air-to-air R or U

• All paths and all materials R = ∆T/(Q/A) U = 1/R

∆T is the air-to-air temperature difference (°F) Q/A is the heat flux (Btu/ ft2∙h)

• R and U are measured, calculated or a combination

• Reflective insulation assemblies and hybrid systems use these measures of performance.

R Measured vs. R InstalledR Measured vs. R Installed

R from C 518: thickness and temperatures are controlled

Metal building installations differ: 1. Thickness 2. Temperature

Loads are calculated from installed values.

Reflective insulations can enhance existing conventional assemblies.

Heating/Cooling Loads From Heating/Cooling Loads From HDD/CDDHDD/CDD

heating degree days cooling degree days

HDD/CDD are derived from weather data. An average temperature 90 °F for one day contributes 25 to the annual CDD65.

Search for CLIMATOGRAPHY of the United States no. 81 to get data by state and city.

Examples: Los Angeles HDD = 1274 CDD = 679 Orlando HDD = 580 CDD = 3428

Calculating LoadsCalculating Loads

• Heat in (CDD) requires cooling

• Heat out (HDD) requires heating

• A specific area in ft2

Loads – A Quick EstimateLoads – A Quick Estimate

Heating Load (Qh) > Qh=A∙HDD∙24/R Qh=A∙HDD∙24∙U

Cooling Load (Qc) > Qc=A∙CDD∙24/R Qc=A∙CDD∙24∙U The result is in Btu/Year for the area (A) selected.

Equipment Efficiency & Equipment Efficiency & CostCostHeating Equipment: 0.70 – 0.95 combustion 1.0 electrical resistance 1-3 heat pumps

Cooling Equipment: 1.5- 3.0 air conditioners (coefficient of performance)

Utility Used: Heating = Qh/Eh X 0.00001 for therms Cooling = Qc/Ec X 0.000293 for kwh

Add cost factors: therm = $1.6 kwh = 0.0855 (vary with location)

Heating cost becomes Qh/Eh X 0.00001 X 1.6 ($/yr)Cooling cost becomes Qc/Ec X 0.000293X 0.0855 ($/yr)

ExampleExample• CDD=3428 (Orlando)CDD=3428 (Orlando)

• A=1000 ftA=1000 ft22

• COP (efficiency)=2COP (efficiency)=2

• R=2 (no insulation) COPR=2 (no insulation) COP

• $/yr: $/yr: ↓↓

1000x3428X24X0.000293X0.0855/(2x2)1000x3428X24X0.000293X0.0855/(2x2)

= $515.26 = $515.26 ↑↑

RR

If One Pill is Good, Then If One Pill is Good, Then Two Pills Are BetterTwo Pills Are Better

• C=(1000∙3428∙24∙0.000293∙0.0855)/(2∙R)

• C $/year for the 1000 ft2 area

• C=1036.6/R

R Utility Cost Savings ($/yr) 2 515.3 0 5 206.1 311 10 103.1 414 15 68.7 449 20 51.5 467

Diminishing ReturnDiminishing Return

Annual Dollar Savings (Base: R-2)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1 4 7 10 13 16 19

Added R

Sa

vin

gs

( $

/yr)

Savings

Maximum savings

Economic FactorsEconomic Factors

• Balance “Cost” against “Benefit”.Balance “Cost” against “Benefit”.

• Want benefit >> costWant benefit >> cost

• Reflectives provide benefits for Reflectives provide benefits for yearsyears

• Simple Pay Back (with no Simple Pay Back (with no maintenance)maintenance)

• PB = Cost($)/Savings($/yr) = yearsPB = Cost($)/Savings($/yr) = years

• From example with cost $1.25 per ftFrom example with cost $1.25 per ft2 2

with savings $412 PB = 3 yearswith savings $412 PB = 3 years

Inflation and Energy Costs Inflation and Energy Costs ChangeChange

• A reflective insulation installation lasts for A reflective insulation installation lasts for yearsyears

• Calculate the sum of all the savings over a Calculate the sum of all the savings over a period of time (15 years)period of time (15 years)

• Adjust for the rise in the cost of energy, Adjust for the rise in the cost of energy, inflation, and the discount rate. Adjust the inflation, and the discount rate. Adjust the result to get “current dollars”. The result is result to get “current dollars”. The result is PV in current dollarsPV in current dollars

• Subtract the one-time initial investment Subtract the one-time initial investment from the PV to get NPV: Net Present Valuefrom the PV to get NPV: Net Present Value

• NPV >> 0 for an investment to be attractive.NPV >> 0 for an investment to be attractive.

• NPVNPV1515 = PV = PV1515 – Initial Cost – Initial Cost• Energy Inflation General InflationEnergy Inflation General Inflation Discount Rate PVDiscount Rate PV1515

0.050.05 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 12.1412.14

0.10 0.04 0.05 14.280.10 0.04 0.05 14.28 0.15 0.04 0.05 18.180.15 0.04 0.05 18.18

• Using PVUsing PV15 15 = 14.28 Savings 412 $/yr Cost = 14.28 Savings 412 $/yr Cost

$1250$1250

• NPVNPV15 15 = 14.28X412 – 1250 = $4633 = 14.28X412 – 1250 = $4633 (attractive)(attractive)

An Example of NPVAn Example of NPV

SummarySummary

• R or U of the installationR or U of the installation

• HDD/CDD Data HDD/CDD Data

Search: CLIMATOGRAPHY IN [STATE]Search: CLIMATOGRAPHY IN [STATE]

Select: (pdf) [STATE] (number)Select: (pdf) [STATE] (number)

• Calculate annual savingsCalculate annual savings

• Look at economic factors like NPVLook at economic factors like NPV

Condensation ControlCondensation Control

Michael BouldingMichael Boulding

TVM Building ProductsTVM Building ProductsRIMA PresidentRIMA President

Condensation DescriptionCondensation Description

• Dew Point Temperature:Dew Point Temperature: Temperature at which water condenses

from an air-water vapor mixture: The dew point depends on the dry bulb temperature and the humidity (or relative humidity)

• Water Vapor Transport:Water Vapor Transport: Vapor phase water moves from regions of

high concentration to regions of low concentration. This is usually from a high temperature region to a low temperature region.

Dew Point TemperaturesDew Point Temperatures• The dew point temperature is the same as the The dew point temperature is the same as the

dry bulb temperature (ordinary temperature) dry bulb temperature (ordinary temperature) when the air has relative humidity 100%.when the air has relative humidity 100%.

• The dew point temperature is less than the The dew point temperature is less than the dry bulb temperature when the relative dry bulb temperature when the relative humidity is less than 100 %.humidity is less than 100 %.

• The dew point temperature decreases as the The dew point temperature decreases as the relative humidity decreases.relative humidity decreases.

• Water will condense if the temperature Water will condense if the temperature reached the dew point temperature.reached the dew point temperature.

Condensation Occurs . . . Condensation Occurs . . .

• When the surface temperature is less When the surface temperature is less than or equal to Dew Point than or equal to Dew Point TemperatureTemperature

• The interior surface temperature The interior surface temperature approaches the inside air approaches the inside air temperature as the amount of temperature as the amount of insulation is increasedinsulation is increased

• The interior surface temperature is The interior surface temperature is affected by the movement of airaffected by the movement of air

Dew Point TemperaturesDew Point Temperatures

• Relative HumidityRelative Humidity Air Temperature Air Temperature ((ooF)F)

9595

9090

8080

7070

6060

70oF

68.5

67.0

63.6

59.8

55.5

80oF

78.4

76.8

73.3

69.4

64.9

To SummarizeTo Summarize• Dew Point temperature is readily Dew Point temperature is readily

available from air temperature and available from air temperature and relative humidity.relative humidity.

• Temperature differences between the Temperature differences between the inside air and the ceiling surface inside air and the ceiling surface depend on thermal resistances, inside depend on thermal resistances, inside temperature, and outside temperature.temperature, and outside temperature.

• A low perm (taped) facer will keep water A low perm (taped) facer will keep water away from cold roof panels (perm less away from cold roof panels (perm less than one).than one).

Why are Metal Buildings Why are Metal Buildings Prone to CondensationProne to Condensation

• Highly conductive roof & walls offer very Highly conductive roof & walls offer very low resistance to temperature differenceslow resistance to temperature differences

• Metal framing in also highly conductiveMetal framing in also highly conductive

• Metal is non-porous so condensation formsMetal is non-porous so condensation forms

Variables of CondensationVariables of Condensation

• Variables in each building affect Variables in each building affect level of condensationlevel of condensation

• Condensation forms in both Condensation forms in both conditioned and un-conditioned conditioned and un-conditioned buildingsbuildings

• Difficult to apply well known Difficult to apply well known theories because of building theories because of building variablesvariables

Variables That Affect Variables That Affect CondensationCondensation

• Indoor & Outdoor Indoor & Outdoor temperaturestemperatures

• Building uses & occupantsBuilding uses & occupants

• VentilationVentilation

• External Sources of moisture External Sources of moisture in the buildingin the building

• New construction or retrofitNew construction or retrofit

Strategies to Prevent or Strategies to Prevent or Control CondensationControl Condensation

• Prevent warm moist air Prevent warm moist air from contact with cool from contact with cool metal - emetal - easier said than asier said than done. done.

• By installing Reflective By installing Reflective Insulation, youInsulation, you Install a vapor barrierInstall a vapor barrier Install insulationInstall insulation Install a thermal breakInstall a thermal break

Benefits of Reflective Benefits of Reflective Insulation, Radiant Insulation, Radiant Barriers & Radiation Barriers & Radiation Control CoatingsControl Coatings

1)1) Reduce the heating of the buildingReduce the heating of the building

2)2) Create great vapor barriersCreate great vapor barriers

3)3) Creates a great thermal break Creates a great thermal break between hot & cold surfacesbetween hot & cold surfaces

4)4) Easy to install & work withEasy to install & work with

Questions?Questions?

Reflective Insulation Reflective Insulation

Manufacturers Association Manufacturers Association (RIMA)(RIMA)

4519 E. Lone Cactus Drive4519 E. Lone Cactus Drive

Phoenix, AZ 85050Phoenix, AZ 85050

800/279-4123800/279-4123

www.rima.netwww.rima.net