Masahiro Machida (Kyoto Univ.) Shu-ichiro Inutsuka (Kyoto Univ.), Tomoaki Matsumoto (Hosei Univ.)
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, ChinaShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba1 Rapporteur 3 Bulk...
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Transcript of 20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, ChinaShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba1 Rapporteur 3 Bulk...
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 1
Rapporteur 3
Bulk Properties and Collective Phenomena
ShinIchi EsumiUniv. of Tsukuba
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 2
dn/dy, spectra, chemical/thermal freeze-outstopping, radial flow, recombinationHBT, global polarizationrapidity dependence
eccentricity definitionevent by event v2 fluctuationv1 and v2 scaling
jet and its correlation with v2
charm quark interaction and collectivitydirect photon as a probe of bulk matter
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 3
‘net
’ pro
ton
dN/d
y
AGS
SPS
RHIC 62
RHIC 200
LHC 5500
(BRAHMS preliminary)
NA49 preliminary
baryon transport (stopping)
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 4
STAR Preliminary
STAR Preliminary
hadron spectra after strong radial expansion
STAR (sNN=130 GeV)
mass [GeV/c2]Inve
rse
slop
e pa
ram
eter
[G
eV/c
2 ]
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 5
STAR Preliminary
5% central10% centralMin-Bias
Kp thermal fit
BRAHMS
BRAHMS
hadron production at chemical freeze-out close to the phase boundary
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 6
p/
p/
baryon transport + radial flow + recombination + jet suppression
Au+Au 200GeVSTAR preliminary
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 7
mT (GeV/c)
Rin
v (
fm)
STAR preliminary
HBT freeze-out is given by energy density. strong effect from collective expansion and space-time correlation. reconstruct source image without assuming the source shape
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 8
global polarizationLambda polarization w.r.t. (normal to) directed event planeno significant signal observed, upper limit : |P,|~10-2
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 9
y=0 y=1 y=3.1
pions
kaons
protons
rapidity dependence of identified particle nuclear suppression
No strong indication of rapidity dependence
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 10
=0 ≈3
K
p
rapidity dependence of identified particle v2
BRAHMS preliminary
No strong indication of rapidity dependence, the strong rapidity dependence on the integrated v2 is more or less explained by the mean pT. Meson/baryon splitting might be different between y=0 and y=3, if statistical significance is improved.
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 11
Participant EccentricityStandard Eccentricity 200 GeV200 GeV
arXiv:nucl-ex/0610037, submitted to PRL
Cu+Cu
Au+Au
Cu+Cu
Au+Au
eccentricity definition
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 12
v2 scales with <part> and energy densidy
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 13
PHOBOS part prediction
MC with nofluctuations
event by event v2 fluctuation vs part fluctuation
This relative v2 fluctuation can be explained by initial part fluctuation…
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 14
All participant positions are used to define a new axis and to get eccentricity simultaneously in the new rotated axis.We try to remove a particle from reaction plane definition to avoid auto-correlation between particle and event plane, when measuring v2 of the particle.
(1) exclude one participant to define a new frame(2) calculate position of the excluded participant in the new frame(3) repeat above 2 steps for all participants(4) get eccentricity using positions of all participantsEach participant position is defined in its own frame. If particles are generated from position of participants, it is more natural to get eccentricity in this way.I would not say this is the best, just like to say there is still a room for improvements.
STD PART MOD
participant modified participant
Cu+CuAu+Au
impact parameter : b (fm)
x (fm)
impact parameter : b (fm)
y (f
m)
eccentricity re-visited
ParticipantModifiedStandard
v2
= ?
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 15
part 0-5% 1.5/0.9 = 1.7 5-10% 1.7/1.1 = 1.5experiment Cu/Au v2 ratiophobos 2.6/1.5 = 1.7 3.1/2.1 = 1.5star v2{2}0-5% 3.7/2.5 = 1.5 5-10% 4.2/3.5 = 1.2star v2{ftpc} 0-5 3.0/2.1 = 1.4 5-10 3.4/3.4 = 1.0phenix 0-10% 4.0/3.0 = 1.3
STAR
centrality dependence of v2
comparison of v2 ratio : Cu+Cu/Au+Au (>1) at central (<10%) collisions between experiments
PHENIX PRELIMINARY
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 16
STAR 200GeV Au+Au 20-60%
PHENIX 200GeV Cu+CuSTAR 200GeV Cu+Cu 20-60%
PHOBOS 200GeV Cu+Cu 20-40%
PHOBOS 200GeV Au+Au 20-40%
V2{2}V2{FTPC}V2{AA-pp}
V2{2}V2{FTPC} V2{4}
PHENIX 200GeV Au+Au 30-40%
V2{BBC R.P.}
STAR FTPC and PHENIX BBC have about same acceptance.
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 17
v1 scaling w.r.t. beam rapidity and v1 wiggle (proton)
Centrality scaling for v1 seems to work better than participant scaling which works for the most of other global variables. This might be trivial if this is only given by participant/spectator shape alone not by the size at all…
STAR preliminary
STAR preliminary
spectator v1 direction
anti-flow of p as seen in SPS
Different trend could be caused by the different pT cut off.
PHOBOS
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 18
v2 scaling with mT-m + number of quark(same as hydro at low pT + number of quark)
When the mass effect removed by mT-m, only the quark number ratio shows up! Is mass ordering of v2 at low pT generated during or after hadronization?Feed-down for pion is visible in pT, but not in mT-m, because pT(daughter) < pT(parent) , but mT-m(daughter) ~ mT-m(parent) …Decay kinematical effect is masked by the pT to mT-m transformation.
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 19
STAR preliminary
v2 scaling with mT-m + number of quark
v2
pT (GeV/c)
RQMD Au+Au 200GeV
Feng Liu
Number of quark scaling is not only the explanation.
Early freeze-out effect of multi-strangeness hadrons seen in spectra analysis with radial flow does not show up here in v2 analysis, this is an indication that v2 is already built up in early stage.
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 20
STARpreliminary
0-12% 200 GeV Au+Au
PHENIX nucl-ex/0611019
PHENIX Preliminary10-20% Au+Au 200GeVpT
trig=2.5-4 GeV/c pT
assoc=1-2.5 GeV/c
STAR preliminary0-12% Au+Au 200GeVpT
trig=3-4 GeV/c pT
assoc=1-2 GeV/c
CERES preliminary
0-5% Pb +Au 17GeV pT
trig=2.5-4 GeV/c pT
assoc=1-2.5 GeV/c
CERES preliminary0-5% Pb +Au 17GeV pT
trig=2.5-4 GeV/c pT
assoc=1-2.5 GeV/c
jet modification and cone like structure
The bulk and jet interaction is there, but in Cu+Cu/Au+Au and SPS-RHIC?!?
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 21
STAR, PRL93 (2004) 252301.
|trig-RP|
PHENIX, nucl-ex/0510019.
jet modification and its correlation with v2
jet shape w.r.t. reaction plane geometrical effect of the almond shapeThis effect itself is a one of v2 sources,which will be an important effect at LHC.This should also lead different v2 between bulk and jet.
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 22
charm quark suppression and flow
Charm quark interaction in bulk matter, this makes suppression and collectivity of charm quarks as well as light quarks.
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 23
N. Xu, SQM 2006, PHENIX (, K, p, J/): PRC69, 034909(04), QM05; STAR (, , ): QM05
AuAu Central charm hadron
AuAu Central , K, p
AuAu Central strangeness hadron
SQM06, Yifei Zhang
RHIC
SPS SPS
more hints of charm quark collectivity
PHENIX J/
PBM et. al. QM06
J/ would need re-generation, both J/ and open charm spectra are consistent with small transverse radial flow, which might be built up during partonic stage…
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 24
PHENIX preliminary
annihilationcompton scattering
Bremsstrahlung (energy loss)prompt photon v2 = 0
v2 < 0thermal photon v2 > 0
Jet-frag. photon from the survived partonv2 > 0
Inclusive photon v2 presented by STAR
direct photon as a probe of bulk matter
consistent with prompt photon production,
but we are allowed to speculate, I guess…
We just have installed a new reaction plane detector for coming high
luminosity Au+Au run7 for rare probe v2 measurement at PHENIX.
20 Nov 2006, Quark Matter, Shanghai, China ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 25
Summary
Large number of variables indicate as if there is Quark Gluon Plasma formed at RHIC energies or maybe already at lower energies, however the most of the evidences are still only suggestive, can we look for more direct evidence?