2 imperialisminafrica(2009 10)
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Transcript of 2 imperialisminafrica(2009 10)
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Carving Up Africa
“The Great African Cake”—everyone
wants a bite!
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Ignorance & Interest in Africa Until the 1800s, little was known
about Africa except its coastal areas; until David Livingstone began to explore the unknown areas in Africa, causing a huge interest in Africa & a mad race for colonies from 1880-1914
Starting in 1885, 14 European nations partitioned (divided) Africa; By 1914—90% of Africa was controlled by Europeans (See overhead)(See overhead)
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The Congress of Berlin By 1885, this scramble for African
colonies became so fierce, that 12 major European countries, the USA, Russia, & Ottoman Empire met to “define the rules of the game” regarding imperialism in Africa
This Congress of BerlinCongress of Berlin settled issues such as navigation & trade rights, future colonization of Africa—but it was not attended by any Africans
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Exploration (1700)
What is differentdifferent about the conquests of Africa during the Age of Exploration (1500-1700) &
the Age of Imperialism (1850-1914)?
Imperialism (1914)
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Belgium After David Livingstone’s reports
of the potential of central Africa, Belgium became the first country to colonize Africa, claiming the Congo (in 1879)
Medicine & new steamboats allowed explorers to go further inland to explore
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France Soon, France gained Algeria, Tunisia,
Morocco (where 1 million French settled); dreamed of a huge French empire stretching East-West across Africa near the Sahara Desert
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France In 1859, a French
company built the
Suez CanalSuez Canal to connect the Red Sea & the
Mediterranean Sea
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England England had important colonies
in India & Australia so the Suez Canal was very important
In 1882, Britain gained control of the Suez Canal & made Egypt a protectorate, took control of Sudan, & parts of East Africa
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England British entrepreneur Cecil RhodesCecil Rhodes
moved to South Africa & made his fortune in diamond mines
RhodeRhodesia?
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England Cecil Rhodes &
many others in the British government wanted to create a huge African empire from Cairo (in Egypt) to Cape Town (in South Africa)
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EnglandEngland
South AfricaSouth Africa
EgyptEgypt
IndiaIndia
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England The race for African colonies led
to a near war between France & England called the Fashoda Fashoda IncidentIncident:
–England’s north-south “empire” overlapped France’s east-west “empire” near the town of Fashoda in the Sudan
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The Fashoda The Fashoda IncidentIncident
This incident showed how serious imperialism was to Europeans
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These nations gained minor colonies:–Spain & Portugal due to poor
economies & bad kings–Germany
& Italy because they were the last 2 nations in Europe to unify
Other Countries Imperialize
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ISN pg 164: Imperialism in Africa Preview:
–Why did Europeans want colonies in Africa?
–What role did David Livingston play in imperializing Africa?
–What was the purpose of the Congress of Berlin?
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So, Was Imperialism
Good or Bad
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Effects of Imperialism Imperialists profited from
colonial mines, plantations, & factories
Africans were hired at low wages, were not taught professional skills, & were heavily taxed; tribes fought other tribes
Schools & churches were set up to “reteach” Western ways; led to a decline in African traditions
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As whites made new colonies in South Africa, they fought King Shaka & the Zulu tribe
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Effects of Imperialism Whites in South Africa used
segregation called AApartheid partheid (legal separation of blacks & whites); Apartheid kept Africans out of power for over 100 years
Over time, educated Africans all over the continent demanded self-rule; by 2000 complete independence from European rule
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