2. E Waste Management - Present Scenario

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© Confederation of Indian Industry

E- Waste Management

Current Status & Future Scenario




“There's no such thing as waste,

just raw materials in the wrongplace”

What is “Waste”?




Sale of Consumer Electronics in India

All figures in millionSource : Toxic link

Was US$29 bn in 2011

Expected to increase to US$55 bn by 2015,

Only nine out of 1,000 people in India own a computer India has the world’s second largest mobile phone users

More than 929.37 million (as on May 2012)

Source : Business wire




What is the Lifetime?

Life time (Yrs) Weight (Kg)

5 – 8 25

5 – 8 2 - 5

5 8

4 0.1

Life time

(Yrs)

Weight

(Kg)

8 30

10 45

500% growth over the next 10 years incomputer waste in India alone




What is e-waste?




Growth of E Waste in India

Source: Ministry of Information & Communication Technology, Govt of India




E waste generation in India-Status

Statewise Citywise

Source: Ministry of Information & Communication Technology, Govt of India




From Where they Come?




Where does E Waste come from?

E waste is generated by 3 major sectors in

India

Individuals and Small Businesses

Large businesses, government and institutions

Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs)




Composition and Hazards




Composition of Electronic Equipment

Modern electronics : 60 different elements

Valuable / Hazardous / Both

Mobile phones and PC manufacturing consume

3% of the gold and silver mined worldwide each year;

13 % of the palladium

15 % of cobalt

CO2 emissions : Mining and production of copperand precious and rare metals

23 million tones

0.1% of global emissions

Not including emissions linked to steel, nickel oraluminum, nor those linked to manufacturing thedevices)




Some metals present




E Waste is non hazardous

If Stored in Safe Storage

Recycled by scientific methods

Transported from one place to the other intotality in the formal sector

The e-waste can, however, be considered hazardous if recycled by primitive methods




Human Hazards from E Waste

Source: Research Journal of Chemical Sciences Vol. 1(9), 49-56, Dec. (2011)




What can be recovered from E Waste?? An example

Recycling 10 lac cell phones can recover

24 kg of gold,

250 kg of silver,

9 kg of palladium,

more than 9,000 kg of copper




Recycling of Mobile Phone in Karnataka: An Example

Total household in Karnataka: 13.17 million (as on 2011data)

No. of mobile phone users: 7.4 million

If 50% of the mobile phone used is recycled

scientifically, possible recovery of;

89.35 Kg of Gold

930.831 kg of Silver

29.78 kg of Palladium, and 33,510 kg of Copper

Approximate Saving of US$ 8 million!




E Waste Disposal in India




E- Waste Flow in the Society: IdealSituation

E WasteCollection Renovation Reuse

Recycling

Dismantling

Segregation

Recycling & Recovery

Metal PlasticGlass




e-WasteGenerated

Business(25%)

Formal(40%)

Informal(60%)

Consumers(75%)

Informal(100%)

What’s Happening?




Where does it go?

Storage

Landfill and incineration

Reuse

Unorganized recyclers (Major portion)

Authorized recyclers (Minor portion)

Producer take back ( very limited)




What Happens in Unorganized sector?




Landfill Hazards

Leaking landfills

Leaching in soil and

groundwater

Also prevalent in unorganized

sector

Chemical reactions

Vaporization

Uncontrolled fires




Incineration Hazards

Dioxin formation

Heavy metal contamination

Contaminated slag, fly ash and flue gases

Health and Safety Hazards

Happens in mostly in unorganized sector torecover metals




E Waste Recycling




Why Recycle?

Saves valuable finite natural

mineral resources

Reduces a waste disposal problem

How do store the waste?

More costs!

It is less expensive than mining the

original ore and extracting themetal,

Less energy used overall,

Cost less money




Recycling – Informal Sector Recycling Operations are mostly illegal

operations engage in: Dismantling

Sale of dismantled parts

Recovery of resources

Export of processed waste for precious metal recovery

Concerns (Positive)

Informal sector widespread

Have active and efficient network

Labor intensive - cheap labour

Livelihood

Manual dismantling no machines required (energysaving)




Concerns (Negative)

High-risk backyard operation – Adverse impact on

environment and health

Environmental hazard - Inefficient and polluting

technologies used for material recovery - crude

methods

Health hazards - Operations in small congested unsafe

areas occupational

Loss of resources - inefficient processes Social Impacts - vulnerable social groups- Women,

children and immigrant laborers

Recycling – Informal Sector




Recycling-Formal sector




E Waste processing in Formal Sector

Source : Parisara ENVIS News Letter Vol. 3 No. 1 April 2007

E W P i i F l S




E-Waste Processing in Formal Sector- An Example

Umicore, Belgium

State-of-the art Metal Recycling Facility

Integrated smelting process-combination of

several metallurgical & chemical process

Recovery of 17 different metals

Spread across 116 hectares, with annual

capacity to treat 3,00,00 tons of metal/ year

The facility operates almost “ Zero Discharge”

Status

E-scrap < 1% of the feed finally goes in to

controlled depot

The plastics in the e-waste are more than

sufficient




Informal Collection System: Proposed Future Scenario

Indian Context

Door-to-DoorSmall offices,

shopsManufacturers

Big offices, hotels,hospitals,companies

Informal Sector Formalizing Formal Sector

•Collection

•Segregation

•Dismantling

•Repair

•Collection

•Segregation

•Dismantling

•Repair

•Recycling

•Collection

•Dismantling

•Recycling

Source: GIZ




Legislation




Existing Legislation-Waste Management

The National Environmental Policy 2006

The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986

The Hazardous Waste (Management,

Handling & Transboundary Movement)

Rule, 2008

E – waste (Management and Handling)

Rules 2011 – effective May, 2012

2. E Waste Management - Present Scenario

Documents

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