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2 H. Pottmann, Q.-X. Huang, Y.-L. Yang and S.-M. Hu , Geometry and convergence analysis of algorithms for registration of 3D shapes, Int. J. Computer Vision 2006 i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, : . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- -:o Linear Models :o Mathematical Models :o Geometrical Models :o Graphical models ,w| _t=.i| Linear Models :.. ,ti| _t=.i| Mathematical Models :.y = mx + b "m" slope "b" interceptX 2+ Y 2= r2( X- H)2+ ( Y- K)2= r2h k ,..| _t=.i| Geometrical Models :Geometricmodeling. )( ) ( . Planes Orientations . ,,t|| _t=.i| Graphical modelsPictorial Representation .. .

3 Q.-X. Huang, S. Flry, N. Gelfand, M. Hofer and H. Pottmann, Reassembling fractured objects by geometric matching., ACM Trans. Graphics, Proc. SIGGRAPH 2006 4 H. Pottmann, B. Odehnal, M. Peternell, J. Wallner, and R. Ait Haddou. On optimal tolerancing in Computer-Aided Design. In R. Martin and W. Wang, editors, Geometric Modeling and Processing 2000, pages 347-363. i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, + . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- -.,.=s r|;=.i|: : - _,=.i| ;t.,- . . .- )(: :. .

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6 H. Pottmann and J. Wallner. Computational Line Geometry. Mathematics + Visualization. Springer, Heidelberg, 2001. i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, i . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- -. .. )( . . .pbjbbi@ua@ @ . ..... . .CAD . .....

7J.Wallner.Geometriccontributionstosurfacemodeling.Unpublished,PhDthesis,Technische Universitt Wien, 1996. Advisor: H. Pottmann. i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, - . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- - . .: 3D modeling : layout animation 3D rendering . Rendering. " ) D 3 "( . pbjbbi@ua@kbc Z @;=.i| t= ,t :: t,.rv|,..i| Abstraction : .v| ,st. : Artificial . .:ttm| ,,tt|

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9 .10 Rosenberg, N.F. and Eekles, J " Product design fundamentals and methods, John Wiely and Sons, UK, 1995 p 233 i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- -. . ..:ttm| .twt,Computer Simulation . .. . . . . .

11 Olivier BOMSEL & Gilles LE BLANC - Digitalization, innovation, and industrialorganization : 5th International Conference on Electronic Commerce Research -Montreal - October 2002 .12 -

13NicoleStrangman,TraceyHallandAnneMeyer(2005),VirtualReality/ComputerSimulationsand theImplicationsforUDLImplementation,NationalCenteronAccessingtheGeneralCurriculum (NCAC), report no 1103-2005 pp 2-29 i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- -. Geometricmodels .modeling.macroeconomic workstationsmainframe computers. ... . .:ttm| t= ,t : .: ,.sti.i| Interactivity .. . ,,,t.i| :i| Imitation : ...|..i ,.,ti| Replication

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15 - 16 William M. Hsu, John F. Hughes, Henry Kaufman, Direct manipulation of free-form deformations, Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 92). 26(2), pp. 177-184, 1992.17 Morten Bro-Nielsen, Stephane Cotin, Real-time Volumetric Deformable Models for Surgery Simulation using Finite Elements and Condensation, Computer Graphics Forum, 1996. i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, t . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- - . .. . . . . . .World Wide Web web-based training WBThypertext.. Dietmar Gude

18 Karan Singh, Eugene L. Fiume, Wires: A Geometric Deformation Technique, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 98. pp. 405-414, 1998. 19 -20DietmarGude,EikeBranahl,PhilippKawalek,AndreasPrions&WolfgangLaurig(2007) "Evaluationofavirtualreality-basedergonomicstutorial",InD.deWaard,K.A.Brookhuis,S.M. i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, : . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- -. . . .,.sti.i| :ttm| t= ,t :: sti.i| Interaction . . ..,itsii| - ,itst9i|Activity-Passivity ... s, _s tt| . .. . . :bia Z bbi@aa@aa @

Sommer,&W.B.Verwey(eds.),HumanFactorsintheAgeofVirtualReality(pp.117-128). Maastricht, the Netherlands: Shaker Publishing i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, + . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- - . ._.t=s.v|_|)tv| I|,i| ,a. t=: _t=s.v| Immersion Immersion . sti.i| Interaction.3d . :ttm| SimulationComputerGraphics. . . normal behavior.Relativesizes

21 Aldridge, Susan.Reading, Writing, and Virtual Reality.Omnivol. 15no. 10(August 1993), p. 32.(VR project at West Denton High School in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.) i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- -.Logical responses Real time .

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22AhmedWMustafa(1994)TheFeasibilityofaComputerAidedProductDesign EducationandPracticeSystem,2ndInternationalConferenceonComputer Engineering Applications, Yanbu.PP 51-67 23 -i,.. t.v| t,.st| t,;, i . _i ,r w| - _t rtst| ,,=.i|- -.. .,itsii| - ,itst9i|Activity-Passivity .".s, _s ;|,.i| Telepresence . ) t - - ( ,,i| ,|..t, t,|)t| ,.=st| |t,.rv| ,t.i| ;|;| ) t - ( Jt..| |=t| ,.r|i| ,|tv :,| ;|,.it, _s s , _tw| _

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