2-1: The Post1: The Post-Processor - TRIUMFbeamphys.triumf.ca/~raoyn/Opera/2-1 Post...

Opera-3d Training Course

Opera version 15, November 2011

Power Conversion & Electromechanical Devices

Medical Physics & Science Applications

Transportation Power Systems

2 1: The Post Processor2-1: The Post-Processor

Summary

• Overview

– Quick review of day 1 knowledge

• Select & Display

• Variables, Constants

• Display Fields

— at a Point, — on a Line, — on a Patch, — on Geometry

• Integrated Quantities

Cobham Technical Services

• Field Recovery Methods

• Particle Tracking

• Other Options

2-1: The Post-Processor•2



Structure of OPERA-3d

Pre-ProcessorModeller Pre Processor

SolversTOSCA, ELEKTRA, SCALA,

CARMEN, SOPRANO, TEMPO, DEMAG, QUENCH, STRESS

Modeller

Cobham Technical Services2-1: The Post-Processor•3

Post-Processor

Example Kicker Magnet: Homogeneous Y-field

•Finite Element Model •8 Reflections•BMOD contours onmaterial surface


•Field vectors onmaterial surface

•Field values on a line•4-sided patch insidethe model with vectors



Summary

• Overview




• Display Fields






• Other options


Loading Data into the Post-Processor

• The OPERA-3d Post-Processor reads direct access database files (*.op3)

– created by the Modeller– updated by the analysis programs (TOSCA, ELEKTRA, SCALA, CARMEN,

SOPRANO, TEMPO, DEMAG, QUENCH, STRESS)

File → Open

File → Load another


File → Load anothersimulation

File → Next simulation

→ Previous simulation



Display of symmetry

• Post-processor uses symmetry of model defined in Modeller

• Example without displaying reflections


Example without displaying reflections

–Field calculations can be performed in the solved model and its reflections

–Only the solved model is displayed


Display of symmetry

• Example displaying reflections




Display of symmetry

• If a model is constructed in the Modeller with only the symmetric part thesymmetric part, the symmetry can be added in the Post processor

Options -> Model symmetry


• The symmetry can be saved in the OP3 file


Displaying the geometry

• The resident geometry is displayed in a 2-stage process–Select WHAT should be displayed:

• Surfaces or Elements• Surfaces or Elements• Labels (material name, boundary condition name, potential name,

element type or user label)• Conductors• Cut plane

–Choose HOW the selected parts should be displayed:• Size and viewing direction


g• Centre of picture• Parallel or perspective• Field components• Vectors




Stage 1: Selection (What)

2 dialogs: one to select items, one to introduce cutting planes

View → Cut plane


Make Selection: Changes the selection for the next 3d display. Allows new field component, vectors etc to be selected first


Stage 2: Display (How)

Note that the Scaling factoris a multiplier




Selection and Display (What and How)

• Make the default selection for the type of model being solved

TOSCA l t t ti d SCALA lt b d–TOSCA electrostatic and SCALA - voltage boundary conditions + materials (not AIR)

–TOSCA magnetostatic, ELEKTRA, DEMAG and CARMEN – materials (not AIR) + coils

–TOSCA current flow, TEMPO, STRESS and QUENCH -materials


ate a s

–Uses the current 3d Display settings

• Repeat the selection and display for a newmodel


Summary

• Overview




• Display Fields






• Other Options




System Variables

• All the values that can be graphed, mapped etc are System Variables

– Can be used in expressions to make other results• In loudspeaker: (BX*X+BZ*Z)/SQRT(X*X+Z*Z)• In loudspeaker: (BX*X+BZ*Z)/SQRT(X*X+Z*Z)

• Types:– VECTOR e.g. Hx, Hy, Hz (HMOD or H)– SCALAR e.g. V [voltage]

• Availability:Al il bl X Y Z


– Always available e.g. X, Y, Z– Solution specific, loaded by default– Solution specific, user selectable (only very few of these)

Options menuto add, remove and list System Variables.


Field point geometry X Y Z Field point coordinates (Cartesian)

System Variables defined in the SoftwareAlways available:

Examples

X, Y, Z Field point coordinates (Cartesian)R, TH, Z Field point coordinates (cylindrical-polar) RR, TT, PP Field point coordinates (spherical-polar) TX, TY, TZ Components of tangential unit vector to lines NX, NY, NZ Components of normal unit vector to surfaces NODE Number of the node nearest to the field point. ELEMENT Element containing the field point

Constants


PI π MU0 μ0, permeability of free space (SI) EPSILON0 ε0, permittivity of free space (SI) C χ, speed of light (SI) GRAVITY g, acceleration due to gravity (SI)




System Variables in Analysis DatabasesSolution specific:

TOSCA electrostatics V Electric scalar potential scalar

TOSCA magnetostatics POT Magnetic scalar potential scalar

Examples

TEMPO thermal T Temperature scalar Q Heat Flux vector DT Temperature gradient vector

ELEKTRA V Electric scalar potential scalar A_ Magnetic vector potential vector DADT_ Time derivative of magnetic

vector potential vector

i fi ld h

V Electric scalar potential scalar E Electric field strength vector D Electric flux density vector ERRD Error in flux density scalar

H Magnetic field strength vector HS Source magnetic field strength vector B Magnetic flux density vector ERRB Error in flux density scalar


p gERRQ Error in Heat Flux scalar


H Magnetic field strength vector HS Source magnetic field strength vector B Magnetic flux density vector E Electric field strength vector J Eddy current density vector ERRB Error in flux density scalar ERRJ Error in current density scalar

Examples of Further Variables and Constants

•Solution values– The appropriate variables become available when eigen-value,

steady-state ac or transient results are ACTIVATEd.

Solution values ANGLE Rotor angle – CARMEN only CASES Number of simulations in the active database FREQ Frequency or rotational frequency (rpm) TTIME Transient time


Source Quantities Defined in Modeller JC Source current density vector HC Coercive field vector VEL Velocity vector CHARGE Charge density scalar




System variables from results of post-processing options (examples)

MINIMUM, MAXIMUM

Extreme values

FX, FY, FZ ForcesFX, FY, FZ FMOD

ForcesMagnitude of force:

222 FzFyFxFMOD ++= TORQX, TORQY, TORQZ TMOD

Torques Magnitude of torque:

222 TORQzTORQyTORQxTMOD ++=

ENERGY Global integral values


ENERGY, POWER, VOLUME

Global integral values

INTEGRAL Line and surface integrals J Charged beam current density PJ Charged beam power density

Further Variables and Constants

• Material properties at field point–Material properties, permeability, permittivity and conductivity can only be calculated from the appropriateconductivity can only be calculated from the appropriate field quantities. For example, the isotropic permeability is given by

BMOD / HMOD / MU0 in SI-Units

BMOD / HMOD in CGS-Units


–A complete list of all System Variables is found in the OPERA-3d Reference Manual




Summary

• Overview




• Display Fields






• Other Options


• Fields can be calculated and displayed

Calculating and displaying fields

–at individual points

–along straight and curved lines

–over 2D patches defined in xyz, rθz or rθφ coordinates


–over the surfaces of the model




Field components at points

• Fields can be computed at a single point– All field component system variables are updated– The value of one COMPONENT

expression is printed


Field components along a line 1/3

• There are three options for calculating thesystem variables along lines:

defines a straight line by its end points and the– defines a straight line by its end points and the

number of points

– defines a circular arc by the end points as above

and the centre

– defines a circle (or part of a circle) on any plane


parallel to XY of the local coordinate system


The variables for each point are stored in an internal buffer named by the user. Default buffer names are “Line”, “Circle” etc

Any component expression can be displayed as a graph



Field component along a line 2/3


For lines parallel to the axes abbreviated data input is supported

Field component along a line 3/3

PLOT many curves from the same line or from different buffers

Polar plots also available




Field components over areas 1/2

• There are three options for calculating the system variables over 2-dimensional areas:

– defines a quadrilateral patch in xyz by specifying thedefines a quadrilateral patch in xyz, by specifying the corners and the number of steps along 2 edges.

• Second order patches can also be defined by specifying the mid-side points.

– defines a quadrilateral in cylindrical polar coordinates by specifying the corners.

– defines a quadrilateral in spherical polar coordinates by


defines a quadrilateral in spherical polar coordinates by specifying the corners


POLAR and SPHERICAL include options for complete disks,spheres, cylinders etc.

Field components over areas 2/2

Drawing the MAP also computes the area integral of the componentp


–The variables are storedin an internal buffer.

–The component expression can be displayed as a contour MAP in a variety of different styles.



Field components on the geometry 1/3

• The option to allow the geometry to be shown:– Can use colours to represent the materials– Draws contours of a field component expression

• Any selectable geometry can be chosen– Materials, boundary conditions, user labels, coils

• Features:– Automatic scaling of contours to maximum and minimum values


– Manual setting of contour limits is also allowed– Vectors may be displayed on the surface







Options => Display fields on conductors


Options => Display fields on conductors

Summary

• Overview




• Display Fields






• Other Options




Field Component Integrals

–Line integrals are calculated when graphs are drawn

–Area integrals are calculated when maps and histograms are displayed

–Integrals of any Component can be calculated

th tl l t d f


• over the currently selected surface

• any volume by name


Other Field Integrals

– Lorentz forces on coils

– Energy in the field, power loss in conducting media and Lorentz force in any meshed volume

• Also computes multi-pole moments

– Maxwell stress or virtual work integrals for calculation of total force & torque on meshed volumes


total force & torque on meshed volumes • Additional layers of AIR elements may be added to the selected

volume. • This improves accuracy of force calculations by avoiding singularities

in the field




Add a layer before integration

Original selection

Added layer


Ensure that the added layer does not include any other material or conductors

Summary

• Overview




• Display Fields






• Other Options




Field calculation methods 1/2

• Fields can be calculated in a number of ways.

– Can also be accessed from the Options Menu

• Nodal fields are interpolated from the finite element mesh

• Integral fields are evaluated using integrations over a volume

– Integral coil fields: re-evaluates Biot-Savart


Integral coil fields: re evaluates Biot Savart expression from coils at field point

– Integral fields: integrates from magnetization and currents in material elements + Biot-Savart expression in coils


Field calculation methods 2/2

• The Options Menu




Summary

• Overview




• Display Fields






• Other Options


Particle tracking 1/5

– Opera-3d Post-Processor allows charged particles to be injected into the solution domain and their tracks through the electric and/or magnetic field to be computed and displayed.

P ti l t k f 200 M V


Particle tracks of 200 MeV beam through kicker

magnet




–In a magnetic field the equations of motion are

and( )BveF ×⋅−= vdmF =

–In an electric field the equations of motion are

and

( )BveF ×= vdt

F

EeF ⋅−= vdtdmF =


–The equations are solved by the Runge-Kutta method of integration based on the specified initial conditions of the particle.


dt


– Particle definition allows the specification of the initial energy, direction, position, mass and charge





– Particle tracks are stored in a file (default extension .tracks) and may be displayed in various ways

• SCALA creates track files in the same format

Display trajectories with geometry

Compute intercepts of tracks with CARTESIAN, POLAR or SPHERICAL patch


Calculate current, power or user specified density distribution. Integrates to give current, power etc of track intercepts with patch


Define patch then compute map


Sample size defines number of sample points used in FFT

Patch must be 2N x 2N to activate FFT

Mostly used with SCALA track files



Summary

• Overview




• Display Fields






• Other Options


Other options 1/2

• Option to output tables of values in text format

• Calculates fields at specified points for interfacing to other OP3 files or programs.

– Points defined by OP3 database• Nodes or element centroids

– Points defined by internal buffer (line, patch etc.)– Points defined by external table file– Points on selected surface or volume


• Fast options for:– Table of nodes or element centroids for all mesh– Table of nodes or element centroids for selected surface / volumes– With or without field values




Other options 2/2

–Select units for all quantities used. • The unit set chosen in the Modeller is set as the defaults units when

a database is loaded.

–Fit Legendre polynomial coefficients to values on a spherical surface or Fourier coefficients to values on a line

• On Fields menu

CLEAR to reinitialize the program


–CLEAR to reinitialize the program

–END to finish the program• On File menu


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