A) The importance of Mediterranean trade routes wasestablished.

B) The modem concept of universal human rights waspromoted.

C) The European view of the physical world wastransformed.

D) An understanding of the benefits of culturaldiversity was encouraged.

1. What was a result of the efforts of Prince Henry ofPortugal, Christopher Columbus, and FerdinandMagellan?

2. Base your answer to the following question on ". . . (It)brought the potato, the pineapple, the turkey, dahlias,sunflowers, magnolias, maize, chillies and chocolateacross the Atlantic. On the other hand, tens of millionsdied in the pandemics of the 16th century, victims ofsmallpox, measles and the other diseases brought byEuropeans (and don't forget that the African slave tradewas begun by the Europeans, to replace the work forcethey had decimated).". . . — Michael Wood, BBCHistory (adapted)

A) establishment of the line of DemarcationB) creation of the Hanseatic LeagueC) Columbian exchangeD) Glorious Revolution

Which historical development is being described in thisquotation?

A) peninsular locationB) mountainous regionC) extensive river systemD) fertile plain

3. Which geographic feature of Spain and Portugal mostenhanced their ability to engage in exploration?

A) The Spanish soldiers made effective use of theirmilitary technology against the Aztecs.

B) Aztec religious beliefs promoted nonviolence.C) Spain joined the Incas in their fight against the

Aztecs.D) The Spanish cavalry outnumbered the Aztec

warriors.

4. What was one reason the Spanish conquistadors wereable to conquer the Aztec Empire?

A) Crusades B) Age of ExplorationC) Reformation D) Age of Reason

5. The encomienda system in Latin America was a directresult of the

A) destruction of the Aztec and Inca empiresB) capture of Brazil by PortugalC) colonization of North America by PortugalD) exploration of the Philippines and East Indies

6. The expeditions of Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarroresulted in the

A) expulsion of Jews and Muslims from SpainB) establishment of Portuguese trade routes around

AfricaC) fall of the Aztec EmpireD) conquest of the Kush Kingdom

7. A direct result of the conquest of Tenochtitlán by HernánCortés in 1521 was the

8. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) Europe became increasingly isolated.B) European trade with Africa and South America increased.C) Southeast Asia became Europe’s greatest trading partner.D) European nations created colonial governments throughout central Asia.

What was a result of the explorers’ voyages illustrated on this map?

A) His interactions with the indigenous peoples servedas a model for fair treatment of minorities.

B) His ships were the first to complete anaround-the-world voyage and prove the earth wasround.

C) His calculations of the distance between Europe andAsia became the basis for our modern maps.

D) His voyages started a vast cultural exchangebetween the two hemispheres.

9. Which statement explains the long-term significance ofthe travels of Christopher Columbus?

A) the refusal of the people to obey their leadersB) a conflict with the Inca EmpireC) the technology of the Spanish conquistadorsD) political corruption and an unstable government

10. A major reason for the end of the Aztec Empire was

A) Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas fromone continent to another.

B) European diseases had an adverse effect on thenative populations of new territories.

C) Warfare increased as European nations competedfor land and power.

D) Advances in learning and technology made longocean voyages possible.

11. Which of these events during the Age of Explorationwas a cause of the other three?

A) establish religious freedomB) promote democracyC) increase the wealth of SpainD) introduce a laissez-faire economic system

12. A major goal of the conquistadors in Latin Americawas to

A) The transfer of new products and ideas encouragedeconomic growth.

B) New diseases were brought to Europe and resultedin massive deaths caused by a plague.

C) Native Americans immigrated to Europe andcompeted with Europeans for jobs.

D) Cross-cultural contacts between South Americaand Asia declined.

13. Which statement describes an impact that theColumbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans?

14. Base your answer to the following question on thepassage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) the Aztec invasion of Mayan citiesB) the Ottoman invasion of HungaryC) immigration from Europe to the New WorldD) the transatlantic slave trade

"I was immediately handled and tossed up to see if Iwere sound, by some of the crew, and I was nowpersuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits,and that they were going to kill me. Their complexions,too, differing so much from ours, their long hair, andthe language they spoke . . . united to confirm me in thisbelief. . . . The closeness of the place and the heat of theclimate, added to the number in the ship, which was socrowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself,almost suffocated us."

Which event is described in this passage?

A) market its surplus agricultural productsB) obtain workers for its colonies in the AmericasC) establish collective security arrangementsD) settle its surplus population on new lands

15. In the 1600s, the interest of Europeans in Africa wasbased mainly on Europe's need to

A) spice tradeB) large numbers of Christian convertsC) rich deposits of gold and silverD) development of manufacturing sites

16. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch interest in theislands of Southeast Asia was mainly based on the

17. Base your answer to the question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) development of trade routes in North AfricaB) expansion of African kingdoms involved in the slave tradeC) forced migration of African peoples from their homelandD) dependence by Africans on imports for economic development

The arrows on this map, “The African Diaspora,” represent the

A) a route through the Swiss AlpsB) a narrow body of water connecting two larger

bodies of waterC) the forced journey of enslaved Africans to the

AmericasD) the expulsion of Muslims from Spain

18. The Middle Passage is best defined as

A) Christianity that led to the rise of the CatholicChurch

B) new food crops that improved the European dietC) new military technology that weakened local

rulersD) diseases that drastically reduced the population of

Europe

19. A major impact of the Columbian exchange on westernEurope was the introduction of

A) Many African communities faced economicdisaster.

B) European industrial factories were establishedthroughout Africa.

C) Animism was no longer practiced in Africa.D) Africans across the continent hired Europeans to

train their military.

20. What was a direct result of the trans-Atlantic slavetrade on African cultures?

21. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) Most of the slaves came from eastern Africa.B) Few people were taken from Africa to other continents.C) Several European countries participated in the slave trade.D) The slave trade began in southern Africa.

Which conclusion about the slave trade in Africa is supported by this map?

22. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) Encomienda SystemB) Columbian ExchangeC) Silk RoadD) Open Door policy

What is the best title for this diagram?

23. Base your answer to the following question on the chartbelow and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) British North AmericaB) Spanish AmericaC) Europe and AsiaD) other Caribbean islands

Which area received the largest number of capturedAfricans as slaves between 1500 and 1870?

A) They often opposed each other on major economicissues.

B) They formed an elite class and held politicalpower.

C) They challenged the authority of Spain andconsequently lost political power.

D) They constituted the majority of the population.

24. Which statement best describes Catholic Churchleaders, the military, and landowners in Latin Americaduring colonial times?

A) Technological advances in shipping made theslave trade more profitable.

B) Converted African slaves worked with Spanishmissionaries to conquer the native peoples.

C) Many Africans wished to settle in the Americasand paid their own passage.

D) As the Europeans developed their Americancolonies, their need for cheap labor increased.

25. Which statement best explains the increase in theAtlantic slave trade in the 1700s?

A) the policy of mercantilismB) laissez-faire principlesC) trade cooperativesD) forts along the Silk Roads

26. During the first Global Age (A.D. 1450–1770),European countries obtained both a source of rawmaterials and a reliable market for their finished goodsby developing

A) socialism B) fascismC) mercantilism D) communism

27. The policy of establishing colonies to gain wealth bycontrolling colonial trade is called

28. Base your answer to the following question on the illustration below and on your knowledge of socialstudies.

A) nonalignment B) laissez-faire capitalismC) perestroika D) mercantilism

Which policy is portrayed in this illustration?

29. Base your answer to the following question on the time line below and on your knowledge of socialstudies.

A) isolationism B) imperialism C) socialism D) fundamentalism

The events illustrated in this time line show the effects of European

30.

A) socialism B) manorialismC) laissez-faire capitalism D) mercantilism

Which economic system is shown in this diagram?

A) the production of raw materials and cash cropsB) free and rapid trade with Asia and AfricaC) respect for the rights of indigenous peopleD) isolationism as a response to international political

issues

31. Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected thedevelopment of Latin American nations by promoting

A) Colonies should exist for the benefit of the mothercountry.

B) Local authority should determine the type ofgoods to be produced.

C) Governments should not be involved in theeconomy.

D) Business and industry should be owned by thestate.

32. Which statement is most closely associated with theeconomic policy of mercantilism?

A) western Europe B) sub-Saharan AfricaC) East Asia D) Latin America

33. Which region's colonial class structure includedpeninsulares, creoles, and mestizos?

34. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) The fewest people in the population had thegreatest power.

B) Africans and Native Americans were politicallypowerful.

C) The peninsulares made up the majority of thepopulation.

D) Mestizos and mulattoes controlled the most land inthe colonies.

Which conclusion about Spanish colonialism in theAmericas can be drawn from this diagram?

A) dominance of Spanish-born nobilityB) emerging equality between classesC) influence of mestizo economic powerD) increasing social mobility of Native American

Indians

35. The social class system in Latin America during the16th and 17th centuries reflects the

A) use of forced laborB) establishment of trade unionsC) increase in landownership by Native AmericansD) weakening of the power of peninsulares

36. The encomienda system in colonial Latin America ledto the

A) B)

C) D)

37. Which diagram shows the correct social hierarchy ofSpain’s colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere?

A) new foods, which the native peoples could notdigest

B) religious persecution resulting from the SpanishInquisition

C) new diseases to which the native peoples had nonatural immunity

D) slavery and the terrible conditions on their seajourney to Europe

38. After contact with Europeans in the 1500s, millions ofnative peoples in the Americas died as a result of

A) peninsulares B) mestizosC) creoles D) native people

39. Which social class controlled most of the political,economic, and social power in colonial Latin America?

A) separated religion and politicsB) separated people into distinct classesC) gave women the power to assume leadership

positionsD) followed the rule of the majority

40. One similarity between the social patterns in medievalEurope and those in colonial Latin America is that bothsocieties