The Sound Patterns of Language

Selvi Risma Andani (125110100111002)Nur Fitriani (125110100111006)Afifah Mudawwamah (125110100111020)The Sound Patterns of LanguageCoarticulation effectAsimilation ElisionNormal speechPhonologyPhonemesPhones and AllophonesMinimal Pairs and SetsPhonotacticsSyllablesConsonant Clusters

MaterialsPhonology : the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural language. Here is an illustration that shows the place of phonology in an interacting hierarchy of levels in linguistic.

Phonemes is a minimal unit that serves to distinguish between meanings of words and represented between slashes by convention, such as: /b/, /j/, /o/.Ex: Fine and VineFat and Vat

A phone is phonetics unit and appear in square brackets.(Ex): [t] tar and star

An allophone: phonetic varion of a phoneme in a particular language. Ex: [p] and [pH] are allophones of the phoneme /p/[t] and [tH] are allophones of the phoneme /t/

Minimal Pairs and SetsWhen two words such as pat and bat are identical in form except for a contrast in one phoneme, occurring in the same position, the two words are described as a minimal pair.When a group of words can be differentiated, each one from the others, by changing one phoneme (always in the same position in the word), then we have a minimal set. Example:Minimal pair: fan-van, bet-bat, site-sideMinimal set: feat, fit, fat, fate, fought, foot. 1

Phonotactics is the patterns in which the phonemes of a language may combine to form sequences.

Syllables is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter.Every syllable is made up of (at most) three parts:OnsetNucleus (vowel)CodaConsonant clusters is both the onset and the coda can consist of more than one consonant.Ex: black, bread, trick, twin, flat, throw.SYLLABLEONSETNUCLEUSCODA[bn][b][][n][bi][b][i]NONE[n]NONE[][n][aj]NONE[aj]NONEThe process of making one sound almost at the same time as the next sound.Assimilation: When two sound segments occur in sequence and some aspect of one segment is taken or copied by the other, the process.Elision: process of not pronouncing a sound segment that might be present in the deliberately careful pronunciation of a word in isolation.Normal speech: These two processes of assimilation and elision occur in everyones normal speech and should not be regarded as some type of sloppiness or laziness in speaking.Coarticulation effect