A) fossilsB) earthquake epicentersC) landscape regionsD) magnetic north

1. Hillslopes, stream patterns, and the structure of thebedrock would most likely be helpful in identifying

A) rounded peaksB) trellis drainage patternC) V-shaped river valleysD) horizontal rock structure

2. Which evidence could be used to help classify alandscape region as a plateau?

A) hillslope and stream gradientsB) bedrock erosion and stream velocityC) hilltop elevations and bedrock ageD) soil thickness and benchmark movement

3. Which characteristics of Earth's surface can bedetermined by using a topographic map?

A) surface winds B) running waterC) glacial ice D) ocean waves

4. The cross section below shows a V-shaped valley andthe bedrock beneath the valley.

Which agent of erosion is responsible for cutting mostV-shaped valleys into bedrock?

A) steep mountain cliffsB) sediment-covered bedrockC) recently active faults and foldsD) high volcanic activity

5. Landscapes characterized by gentle slopes andmeandering streams are most often found in regionswith

A) B)

C) D)

6. The map below shows a stream drainage pattern. Arrows show the direction of stream flow.

On which landscape region did this drainage pattern most likely develop?

A) "Tectonic Plate Boundaries in New York State"B) "Bedrock Geology Locations of New York State"C) "Landscape Regions of New York State"D) "Watershed Areas of New York State"

7. The map below shows major streams in the New York State area. The bold lines mark off sections A through I within New York State.

The best title for the map would be

A) B)

C) D)

8. The block diagram below represents a deeply eroded dome.

Which map shows the stream drainage pattern that would most likely develop on this deeply erodeddome?

A)

B)

C)

D)

9. The diagram below represents a map view of a streamdrainage pattern.

Which underlying bedrock structure most likelyproduced this stream drainage pattern? A) amount of precipitation

B) bedrock structureC) stream dischargeD) prevailing winds

10. The maps below labeled A, B, and C, show threedifferent stream drainage patterns.

Which factor is primarily responsible for causingthese three different drainage patterns?

A) bedrock structure and elevationB) bedrock type and index fossilsC) latitude and longitudeD) climate and topography

11. The generalized landscape regions of New YorkState are classified according to

A) B)

C) D)

12. Which cross section best represents the generalbedrock structure of New York State's AlleghenyPlateau?

A) Long IslandB) the AdirondacksC) the CatskillsD) the Tug Hill Plateau

13. In which part of New York State is anorthositicbedrock found?

A) Elmira and BinghamtonB) Riverhead and New York CityC) Massena and Old ForgeD) Buffalo and Watertown

14. Which two cities are located in the InteriorLowlands?

A) Hudson-Mohawk LowlandsB) Taconic MountainsC) Appalachian UplandsD) Tug Hill Plateau

15. The Catskills are part of the

16. Base your answer to the following question on the geologic cross section and the table below. Thecross section represents the bedrock structure beneath four landscape regions, A, B, C, and D.

A) volcanic cones B) gentle gradientsC) many fractures in the bedrock D) numerous escarpments

The meandering streams shown in landscape region B usually form where there are

A) Its ability to erode will probably increase.B) Its potential energy will probably decrease.C) Its amount of streambed deposits will probably

increase.D) Its stream discharge will probably decrease.

17. Which occurs as a stream is gradually uplifted?

A) low relief and gentle gradientsB) low relief and steep gradientsC) high relief and gentle gradientsD) high relief and steep gradients

18. If weathering and erosion were the only geologicalprocesses taking place on the Earth, most landscapeswould be characterized by

A) uplifting and leveling forcesB) type of climateC) age of bedrockD) bedrock composition and structure

19. Which environmental factor probably would havethe least effect on the development of a landscaperegion?

A) decrease B) increaseC) remain the same

20. A state of equilibrium exists between uplifting andleveling forces in a particular landscape region. Ifconditions change because uplifting forces increase,elevations in the region will most likely

A) The rate of chemical weathering will increase.B) The evelation of the entire region will increase.C) The landscape will gradually become more

rounded.D) The slopes will gradually become steeper and

more angular.

21. The geologic cross section below shows surfacelandscape features that developed because of ahumid climate.

Which change will eventually be observed if theclimate of the area becomes very arid?

A) A is the result of a humid climate, while B is the result of a dry climate.B) A is at a high elevation, while B is located at sea level.C) A is a plateau region, while B is a mountainous region.D) A is composed of igneous bedrock, while B is composed of sedimentary bedrock.

22. The block diagrams below show two landscape regions labeled A and B.

What is the most probable cause of the difference in surface features between A and B?

A) type of bedrock B) amount of foldingC) time D) climate

23. The diagrams below represent two different plateaus.

Which factor was probably most important incausing one plateau to develop smooth, roundedsurface features and the other plateau to developsharp, angular surface features?

A) soft igneous rockB) soft metamorphic rockC) igneous rock that is resistant to erosionD) metamorphic rock that is resistant to erosion

24. The block diagrams below show cross sections ofthe crust in a landscape that has undergone gradualchange.

The hardened lava in this volcano's central pipeformed a mountain peak in the late stage because thelava plug was composed of

A) superpositionB) evolutionC) original horizontalityD) inclusion

25. Which scientific principle states that younger rocklayers are generally deposited on top of older rocklayers?

A) Rocks are weathered and eroded evenly.B) Folded rocks are more easily weathered and

eroded.C) Deposits of sediments provide evidence of

erosion.D) Climate differences affect the amount of

erosion.

26. The diagram below represents a cross section of thebedrock and land surface in part of Tennessee. Thedotted lines indicate missing rock layers.

Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

A) time B) climateC) human activities D) bedrock structure

27. The maps below represent four different streamdrainage patterns.

Which factor most likely caused the differences inthese patterns?

A) bedrock age and weathering ratesB) bedrock structure and climate variationsC) rate of deposition and thickness of the bedrockD) rate of erosion and fossils in the bedrock

28. Which two factors have the most influence on thedevelopment of landscape features?

Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the map below and on your knowledge of Earth science.The map shows part of the North American coastline. The present coastline is shown as a solid line.The symbols on the key below indicate the inferred coastline 18,000 years ago and an inferred futurecoastline if global warming continues.

A) total amount of global precipitation will decreaseB) thickness of the ozone layer will decreaseC) concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere will increaseD) rate of uplift of the North American continent will increase

29. The inferred position of the future coastline is based on the assumption that the

A) The climate of Earth was extremely hot and dry.B) A large amount of Earth's water was stored in large continental ice sheets.C) The east coast of North America was being subducted under the Eurasian Plate.D) North America had just separated from Africa, and the Atlantic Ocean was forming.

30. Which statement best explains why 18,000 years ago the coastline was at a different location than it istoday?

Earth Science

Name _________________ Class _________________ Date _________

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.