1_b Basic Kecelakaan Kerja

BASICS OF Accident

Lecture Objectives

to understand:accident definitionaccident causationaccident costsaccident preventionaccident reporting/notificationaccident investigation

BASICS OF AccidentCommon Uninformed Comments

accidents just happenwe dont have many accidentssafety is expensivethe insurance will paysafety is just common sense

BASICS OF AccidentAccident Definition

what is an accident?unplanned & uncontrolled event that led to, or could have led to:injury to persons, damage to property/plant/equipment, impairment to the environment or some other loss to the company


accident typesminor dangerous occurrencenear missplant/equipment damageminor injurylost time injurydisablement/fatality


Frank Bird (Accident Triangle)600 near misses30 property damage10 minor injuries1 serious injury (lost time or fatal)

BASICS OF AccidentAccident Causation

environmentpersonal faultunsafe actunsafe conditionaccidentinjury/damage


causal factorsindividualjoborganisation


causal factorsindividualknowledgeskillstrainingexperiencepersonalityattituderisk perception


causal factorsjobtaskworkloadequipmentcontrolsproceduresenvironment


causal factorsorganizationcultureleadershipresourceswork patternscommunications


Kings Cross Fire (1987) - 31dieddiscarded cigaretteaccumulation of rubbishpoor cleaning regimewooden escalatorfailure of fire fighting equipmentlack of emergency trainingpoor safety culture


Herald of Free Enterprise (1987) - 189 diedfailure to close bow doorsno checking/reporting systemcommercial pressuresinternal frictiondisease of sloppiness


Clapham Junction (1988) - 35 died & 500 injuredsignal failureincorrect maintenancedegradation of working practicestraining problemscommunication problemspoor supervisionexcessive working hoursfailure to learn lessons


Piper Alpha (1988) - 167 diedmaintenance errorinexperiencepoor maintenance procedurescommunications breakdownpermit to work system faultsafety procedures not practiced


Automotive Supplier (1999) - 1 diedpoor safety culturelack of guardinglack of trainingpoor perception of riskno safe systems of workno risk assessment programsno effective accident systemno communication

BASICS OF AccidentAccident Costs

insured costsuninsured costs

BASICS OF AccidentAccident Prevention

reasonshumaneeconomiclegal

BASICS OF AccidentAccident Preventioncontrol measuressafety procedures/work instructionsadequate trainingeffective communicationsgood housekeepingguards/safety devices/warning signsadequate working environmentregular safety inspectionsrisk assessment

BASICS OF AccidentAccident Reporting/Notification

internal report formGovernment forminjury claim requirement

BASICS OF AccidentAccident Investigation

reasonsidentify root causesidentify faultsidentify corrective/preventative actionprevent recurrence


investigation teamsupervisorsafety repengineermanagersafety officer


investigation objectivesestablish chain of eventsidentify root causesidentify faultsidentify corrective/preventative action


investigation techniquesattend promptlyensure medical attentionleave scene undisturbedtake photographs/sketchestake measurementstake samplesgather documentationinterview witnesses


investigation techniquesinterviewing witnessesexplain purposetheir version of eventsdo not listen to hear sayask open questionsavoiding leading or implyingdo not apportion blameexpress appreciation


investigation reportidentify teamsummarize consequential eventsidentify root causesdescribe other weaknessesidentify corrective/preventative actionallocate responsibility & timescale

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1_b Basic Kecelakaan Kerja

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