19.Visual Aids
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Transcript of 19.Visual Aids
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19.Visual Aids19.Visual Aids³ It is not sufficient to know
what one ought to say,but one must also know how to say it.´
ARISTOTLE
³«and one must also know how to show it.´
(Draft)
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Using Visual Aids2
Visual Aids
Visual aids are forms of
supporting material, which
provide all forms of intellectual, technical,
psychological, emotional
and sensory
reinforcement of idea.
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Using Visual Aids3
Purpose of Visual aids
� Transmit the message quickly and
accurately
� Clarify verbal analysis
� Reinforce verbal analysis� Enable to present large data in less
space
� Help to summarize clearly
� Help reader to understand and
remember verbal communication
easily.
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Using Visual Aids4
Purpose of Visual Aids
� Creates more interest
� Information can be
presented in a condensed
form.� Emphasize particular points
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Using Visual Aids5
Guidelines For Preparing Visual Aids
� Clear and accurate
� Self-sufficient and understandable
� Suitable title written below visual aid
� Title should indicate main point
� Two categories:
- Tables ( Table 1, Table 2«..)
- Figures ( Figure 1, Figure 2...)
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P r o f e s s i o n a l D e v e l o p m e n t
Happy:Happy:
An evaluation of the different styles of overhead An evaluation of the different styles of overheadpresentation relating to the seven dwarfspresentation relating to the seven dwarfs
Visual AidsVisual Aids
The The messagemessage isis llostost in in the the presentation:presentation:
Audience may /will lose interest back Audience may/will lose interest back
o/hs are unprof.o/hs are unprof.
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Using Visual Aids8
Placement of Visual Aids
� Visual aid should be placed where they
are needed for emphasis, clarity,
simplification, reinforcement, summary,
interest, credibility or coherence.
INTRODUCEINTRODUCE DISPLAY DISCUSS
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Using Visual Aids9
� Introduction ± Mention primary fact that
the visual illustrates.
� Display the visual aid separate from
above discussion.
� Discuss - Interpretation
Cont·d
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Using Visual Aids12
Visual Aids
� Insert Visual aid close to the
explanation
� If the text requires to much space,
place the aid in the appendix
� If it is used for general purpose and is
less important, place it in appendix
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Using Visual Aids13
Types of Visual Aids
� Tables
� Figures
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Using Visual Aids14
Illustrations
Types of Visual Aids
T ables
Numerical T able Verbal T able
DependentT able
IndependentT able
Figures
Graphs
Charts
Photographs
Map
Drawing
Icons
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Using Visual Aids15
T ables
� It is used to display either numerical or verbal
information in an accurate, concise, logical and
easily readable form.
� If the data or the information is in the form of words or phrases it is called v erbal table.
� If the information is in the form of numerical data,
it is called as numerical table.
� In a table, first column is called subhead andother columns are called box heads.
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Using Visual Aids16
Dependent Table:
� It is not defined by table number.
� It depends on text for identification.� They are continued with the text
� It has no title
� It is not included in list of tables� It has 3 or 4 columns and 8 to 10 lines
Cont·d
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Using Visual Aids18
Independent Table:
� An independent table is separated
noticeably from the text.
� It is self-contained and intelligible tothe reader.
� It is used for comparison of data.
Cont·d
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Using Visual Aids19
Suggestions to make accurate tables
� Simple, clear and logical
� Order should be maintained
� Indicate the unit of measurement
� Alignment (Numeric and decimals)� Give totals if necessary
� Headings
� Table on singe page. If it takes next page write
µcont¶d¶ at the bottom of table� Use dash ( - ) or N. A if no information is
available. Never use zero.
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Guidelines for figures
� Title should be given to each figure� Title should be either below or above the
figure.
� Label the figure components.
� Label X-axis and Y-axis
� In case of abbreviation in labels, placefootnote by placing asterisk.(*)
� The figure should not be too small or toolarge.
� Place legend.
� Figure should be self-sufficient.
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Using Visual Aids27
Guidelines for Bar Graph:
� Do not crowd the graph with too many details.
� Place it according to
Introduce ± Display ± Discuss� Balance in length and width
� Vertical bars less than 7 inches & horizontalbars less than 5 inches
� Label the graph� Place units of measurement
� Interpretation
Cont·d
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Using Visual Aids29
Budg All ca i n Educa i nal ns i u i n
Staff Salaries
40%
Lab Equipment
20%
Library 18%
Pow er and Water
12%
Building
Maintenance 10%
Staff Salaries
Lab Equipment
Library
Pow er and Water
Building Maintenance
Pie Graph
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Using Visual Aids30
Guidelines for Pie Graph:
� Use compass to draw perfect circle and to
locate its centre.
� Locate first radial line at 12 o¶clock. Move
clockwise in descending order.
� Show segment values.
� Use shading, color for segment distribution
� Use horizontal writing for labeling
Cont·d
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Using Visual Aids32
Line Graph
s ld inaw k
1525
50
75
9095
0
20
40
60
80
100
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Days
I t e m s s o l d
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Using Visual Aids33
Rectilinear Graph
� It is also known as line graph
� It shows the trend of progress over a given
period of time.
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Using Visual Aids35
Scatter Graph
� It shows correlation between two items in the
data.
� Dots (.) or crosses (x) are plotted to show the
correlation between two variables.
� It consists of clusters
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Using Visual Aids36
Multiple Line Graph
� It consists of two or more lines,
compares the data shown by each line.
� The space between the lines indicates
the difference
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Organization Chart
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Flowchart
� It is used to represent a process or procedure.
� It shows pictorially how a series of events,activities, operations and other factors arearranged to accomplish a full cycle.
� A flow chart traces process from beginningto end.
� It uses various shapes (circles, triangles,squares) to represent various elements inprocess with arrows connected to show thedirection of flow.
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Flowchart symbols
Arrow heads and flow lines to show sequence
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Flowchart
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Cont·d
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Photographs
� Photographs are useful for giving arealistic and accurate view of subject.
� Two main purposes:
- To assist verbal description- To prove the truth of assertions
� Photographs capture reader attention.
� Photographs cannot be created
� Photograph can show only the exterior
of subject.
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Cont·d
Guidelines:� Keep it simple
� Create a realistic image
� Make the image recognizable
� Strive for universally
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Exercise
� To display numerical data.� To illustrate quantities of different items
during same period.
� To illustrate whole divided into its partsaccording to percentages.
� To represent process.
� To present the data in terms of percentage.
� To show geographical distribution.
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� To represent in accordance with topicor subject.
� To show the trend of progress over a
given period of time.� To show the actual appearance of
something.
� To indicate danger.
Exercise
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