WWI – 1914-1918. Map of Europe 1914 Lines of Alliances and Treaties.
1914-1918 WWI and the U.S. involvement
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Transcript of 1914-1918 WWI and the U.S. involvement
Interesting Facts WWI• Titanic Sinks 1912• Poison used for the first time in war (mustard gas)• Sports changed woman’s fashion to become more lose fitting • First air conditioner• Ford motor company established the moving assembly line• Zipper is now established and used• Telephone • Traffic light• Refrigerator
What was America like before WWI?
Allied Powers Central Powers
• ____________• ____________• ____________• ____________
• ____________• ____________• ____________• ____________
Causes long/short term• Acronym M.A.N.I.A to help remember the 5 major causes of WWI________________- the belief of a nation or its people to build and maintain a strong military
________________-The two major alliances that developed prior to WWI were the Triple Entente (Allies) and the Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
________________-Extreme pride in one’s nations or state. Often seen by the use of flags, national anthems, and other signature items (Germany)
________________-Domination by one country over another in terms of the political, economic, or cultural life of the dominated country or region.
________________-The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was a short-term cause of the war
The“Spark”
for European countries
Assiniation of: _______________________
The“Spark”
for European countries
Assiniation of: _______________________
US Neutrality
• ____________________• Public Opinion favored the Allies• Opposition to the War– Sympathies to Germany– Pacifist Movements
• Tension grew between US and ____________
Election of 1916• Wilson running for reelection– “He Kept Us Out of the War”• Lusitania• Sussex Pledge
Reasons for Involvement
• ___________________– Selling more to the Allies– Loss in war = no repayment of debts
• Allied Propaganda– Germans are EVIL
Reasons (2)
• Wilson’s Idealism– Make the World “safe for democracy”– Peace Without Victory– Democracy vs. Dictatorship• Russian Revolution (March 1917)
Reasons (3)
• _____________________________– German Practice– Sinking ANY ships headed to Britain and France– Resume in January 1917– Sinking the _____________________
Reasons (4)
• ___________________– Proposed to Mexico– Declare war on US• Germany will help
– _________________________________________
Federal mobilization AgenciesAgency Purpose
Organized industry to increase efficiency, maximizing production
Railroad Administration Assumed temporary control of rail lines to modernize equipment and increase operating efficiency
Food Administration
Increased production of coal and oil; maintained conservation of fuel with such innovations as daylight saving time
National War Labor board Maintained cooperation between industry management and labor unions; acted as mediator to prevent and quickly settle disputes
Provided propaganda to rally citizen support for all aspects of the war effort
Food Administration• Herbert Hoover– Feed the Allies– Avoid Rationing at home
• “Voluntary” conservation– Victory Gardens– Wheatless Wednesdays, Meatless
Tuesdays• ______________________• Created things called “Victory
gardens”
War Industries Board
• __________________________• Women begin working in industries• African American workers and Mexican Americans• Bernard M. Baruch– Assigned raw materials– Fixed prices
War Labor Board
• _________________________– Negotiate between Labor and Business– Average wage up $1 - 1917-18
• Great Migration– ___________________________– Available Industrial jobs
• Women find more employment• Union Membership increases
___________________of 1918
• Outlawed speaking against the government or armed forces
• _______________________– Government CAN limit free speech– “Clear and Present Danger” Rule– “You can’t yell FIRE in a crowded theater”
The War of theIndustrial
Revolution:
NewTechnology
The War of theIndustrial
Revolution:
NewTechnology
Innovations during war
• Tanks• ______________• ______________• ______________• ______________• ______________• ______________
The AirplaneThe Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.
Russian Revolution• March 1917• Reason Russia leaves the war• Overthrew Czar Nicholas II– ________________ takes over
• November 1917• ______________________• ______________________– Russia lost territory, got out of war,
communist
Flawed Peace• January 1919 peace conference begins • “____________” key negotiations– _______________ (U.S)– David George (British Prime Minister)– George Clemenceau (French)– Vittorio Orlando ( Italian Prime Minister) *Germany not invited to participateWilson presents his 14 points, based on
14 Points• Based on “The Principle of justice to all peoples and
nationalities• (1-5) eliminate the general causes of the war through free
trade, disarmament, __________________, impartial adjustment of colonial claims, and open diplomacy instead of secret
• (6-13) addressed the rights of self-determination and required the ________________to evacuate all of the countries invaded during the war including, France, Belgium, and Russia
• (14) called for a creation of a “general association of nations” called ________________________
Treaty of Versailles• Weakened or discarded many of Wilson’s
proposals• Germany told to strip its armed forces and forced
to pay ____________________ (war damages in money)
• Central powers lost all added lands• _________________________________• Wilson pushes for his League of Nations• Wilson dies, U.S then forgoes the Treaty and
creates different peace treaties with each of the Central Powers and the League of Nations takes place ________________________.
Economy in Turmoil• Strikes happen for higher wages and better
treatment and rationing that had been happening• ___________________– Scare of communism taking over
• Racial Unrest– Caused by _________________and _______________
going to work in factories as the war took shape and white men were gone to war, now they are back and wanting their jobs back.
Return to “Normalcy”
• ___________________ became his campaign to win, this ended the Progressive movement
• We need to end all the reforms and advancement and return to simple days