1914-1918: The World at War
description
Transcript of 1914-1918: The World at War
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1914-1914-1918:1918:
The The WorldWorldat Warat War
1914-1914-1918:1918:
The The WorldWorldat Warat War
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CausesCausesof theof theWarWar
CausesCausesof theof theWarWar
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4. Aggressive Nationalism
4. Aggressive Nationalism
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Importance of Nationalism
Nationalism is a devotion to the interest of one's nation.
Great feelings of national pride was characterized by Germany and Italy.
While nations such as France, Italy, and Germany used nationalism to unite their populations, other countries were torn apart by ethnic tension.
Nationalism in one way increased tension in Europe.
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TheThe
“Spark“Spark””
TheThe
“Spark“Spark””
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The Assassination of the Archduke
Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria visited Bosnia capital on June 28, 1914.
Seven assassins from the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist group, plot against him.
19 year old Gavrilo Princip shot the Archduke and his wife.
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
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The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassination: Sarajevo
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The Assassin: The Assassin:
GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip
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Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?
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System of Alliances
Web of treaties to protect themselves from attack
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
Triple Entente: France, Russia, and Great Britain.
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1. The Alliance System1. The Alliance System
Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::
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Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::
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Europe in 1914Europe in 1914
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3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries
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Austria-Hungary Ultimatum
Germany gave “blank check” support to Austria.
Austria gives ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia refuses to let Austria officials run
an investigation in Serbia.
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The Alliance leads to War
Russia supported Serbia and Germany supported Austria-Hungary.
Within one week, almost all of Europe plunged into war:
Germany declared war on Russia and France.
Britian declares war on Germany.
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The Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen Plan
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German Atrocities in Belgium
German Atrocities in Belgium
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MobilizationMobilization
It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go;It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know!To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly,Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary,It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!But my heart's right there!
It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go;It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know!To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly,Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary,It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!But my heart's right there!
Home by Christmas!Home by Christmas! No major war No major war
in 50 years!in 50 years! Nationalism!Nationalism!
Home by Christmas!Home by Christmas! No major war No major war
in 50 years!in 50 years! Nationalism!Nationalism!
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Soldiers Mobilized
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
France Germany Russia Britain
Mil
lio
ns
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Recruitment PostersRecruitment Posters
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A Young Australian Recruit
A Young Australian Recruit
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Recruits of the Central PowersRecruits of the Central Powers
Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians
Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians
A German A German Soldier Says Soldier Says
Farewell to His Farewell to His MotherMother
A German A German Soldier Says Soldier Says
Farewell to His Farewell to His MotherMother
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New French RecruitsNew French Recruits
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A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier
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WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar
EffortEffort
WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar
EffortEffort
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Financing the WarFinancing the War
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For RecruitmentFor Recruitment
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Munitions WorkersMunitions Workers
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French Women Factory Workers
French Women Factory Workers
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German Women Factory Workers
German Women Factory Workers
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Working in the FieldsWorking in the Fields
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A Woman Ambulance Driver
A Woman Ambulance Driver
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Red Cross NursesRed Cross Nurses
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Women in the Army Auxiliary
Women in the Army Auxiliary
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Russian Women Soldiers
Russian Women Soldiers
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SpiesSpies
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!
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Posters:Posters:
WartimeWartimePropaganPropagan
dada
Posters:Posters:
WartimeWartimePropaganPropagan
dada
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Australian PosterAustralian Poster
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American PosterAmerican Poster
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Financing the WarFinancing the War
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German PosterGerman Poster
Think of Your Children!Think of Your Children!
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The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
AttritionAttrition””
The The Western Western Front:Front:
A “War of A “War of
AttritionAttrition””
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A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War
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The Western FrontThe Western Front
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Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
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Trench WarfareTrench Warfare
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”
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Verdun – February, 1916
Verdun – February, 1916
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
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The Somme – July, 1916
The Somme – July, 1916
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
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War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!
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Sacrifices in WarSacrifices in War
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Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
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TheTheEasternEastern
FrontFront
TheTheEasternEastern
FrontFront
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The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
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Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
Turkish Cavalry in Palestine
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T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,
1916-18
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,
1916-18
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T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-
19
T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-
19
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The Tsar with General Brusilov
The Tsar with General Brusilov
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TheThe“Colonial“Colonial
””FrontsFronts
TheThe“Colonial“Colonial
””FrontsFronts
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Sikh British Soldiers in India
Sikh British Soldiers in India
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Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
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Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
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Fighting in Salonika, Greece
Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916
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AmericAmericaa
JoinsJoinsthethe
AlliesAllies
AmericAmericaa
JoinsJoinsthethe
AlliesAllies
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The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Sinking of the Lusitania
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The Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmerman Telegram
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The YanksAre
Coming!
The YanksAre
Coming!
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Americans in the Trenches
Americans in the Trenches
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The War of The War of thethe
Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:
NewNewTechnologyTechnology
The War of The War of thethe
Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:
NewNewTechnologyTechnology
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French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank
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British Tank at YpresBritish Tank at Ypres
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U-BoatsU-Boats
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Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
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The AirplaneThe Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
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The Flying Aces of World War I
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
FrancescoBarraco, It.
Rene PaukFonck, Fr.
Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.
Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.
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Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant
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Looking for the “Red Baron?”
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
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The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin
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FlameThrowers
FlameThrowers
GrenadeLaunchersGrenade
Launchers
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Poison Gas
Poison Gas
Machine Gun
Machine Gun
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““Art”Art”ofof
WorldWorldWar IWar I
““Art”Art”ofof
WorldWorldWar IWar I
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“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
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“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
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“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”
Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”
Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
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“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918
“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918
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“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917
“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917
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German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”,
1918
German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”,
1918
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1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died
50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died
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11 a.m., November 11, 1918
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
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9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead
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The Somme American Cemetary, France
The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died
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World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties
01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000
10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS
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Treaty of Versailles
Reparations: Germany eventually had to pay $31 million in war damages over 30 years
Armaments: Germany had to decrease ½ their troops and get rid of war planes
War Guilt: Accept total fault for the war League of Nations: Created to enforce treaties but
Germany and Russia could not join Rhineland: Demilitarized Alsace-Lorraine: Returned to France
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Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!
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Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Turkish Genocide Against ArmeniansDistricts & Vilayets of
Western Armenia in Turkey1914 1922
Erzerum 215,000 1,500
Van 197,000 500
Kharbert 204,000 35,000
Diarbekir 124,000 3,000
Bitlis 220,000 56,000
Sivas 225,000 16,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia 371,800 27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria 309,000 70,000
European Turkey 194,000 163,000
Trapizond District 73,390 15,000
Total2,133,19
0387,800