1900-1930. Busting Trusts Protecting Consumers, Workers and Environment National Government ...
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1900-1930
The Progressive Era
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Busting Trusts Protecting
Consumers, Workers and Environment
National Government
Origins of the Progressive movement
Challenge to Social Darwinism
Fight for Social Reforms
Fighting for Children Political ReformSocial Inequality Confronting Racism TR, Taft, Wilson
Overview
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Populism and Progressivism
Improve conditions for farmers and industrial workers
Curb the power of big business
Expand economic opportunities
Inspired by two reform movements of the late 1800s
Populism Social Gospel
Origins of the Movement
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Social Gospel Movement
Based on the idea that social reform and Christianity went hand in hand
Applied Christian teachings to social and economic reform
Take responsibility for those who were less fortunate
More inspiration
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Believed that Government should play an active role in defending the rights of average citizens against the power of big business
Progressivism strongly opposed Social Darwinism
Natural Selection Argued that
wealth and big business hurt Americans and Democracy
Challenge to Social Darwinism
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Went after moderate political goals
No not really Believed in private
enterprise Balance the
interests of workers and owners
Promote order and efficiency
Help the needed but don’t cripple them
Too Radical ?
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Garbage should be a government responsibility
White Wings= cleaners of the city
Living Conditions are awful
Progressives want to clean up the cities
Cleaner and more livable
New York passes the Tenement House Act in 1901
Courtyard and bathroom in
each apt.
Living Conditions
Fighting for Social Reforms
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1916 2/3 of the states had worker's comp and paid workers even when they were hurt
Some successTried to limit the
hours Efforts to protect
women fared better Supreme court rules
that women have a set number of hours a week
Reformers pushed for worker’s compensation
Working conditions
Fighting for Social Reforms
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Decline in labor = Increase in education!
1870= 500 HS1910= 10,000 HSAmericanization
of Students
Pushed for laws to restrict or ban child labor
Florence Kelly National Child Labor
CommitteeNLCC= 191239
States with child labor laws
No Child under 14 can work
Some even the lowered the # of hours a child could work
Fighting for the Children
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Tried to identify and address the causes of juvenile delinquency
Judge Ben Lindsey
Protested the treatment of children by the criminal justice system.
Juvenile offenders to be sentenced to reform school or rehabilitation centers
Didn’t get a trial always
Juveniles
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State Government Secret Ballot Direct Primary Recall Direct Initiative Referendum
Local GovernmentNew progressive
mayors Changed the
police departments
Set regulations Officials hired
based on skills
Political Reform
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1900 4/5 of AA lived in the south as farmers
Strict segregation Booker T.
Washington Tuskegee Institute Vocational School
1909 NAACP W.E.B Du Bois
The Crisis Protested Lynching
African Americans Seneca FallsNational American
Woman Suffrage Association
State Level 18981919 Women get the
vote 19th Amendment
Women
Social Inequality
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Pushed hard for civil rights through political action
Protest Fight for equality
W.E.B De Bois Work hard and
improve their economic condition
Be patient Take advantage of
current opportunities Accommodation
Booker T. Washington
Confronting Racism
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Theodore RooseveltAge 42 Teddy or TRSquare Deal
Regulating big business Protecting Workers Protecting Consumers
Strong president Benefit all Americans
Progressive Presidents
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William TaftMember of TR cabinetFormer Judge 1908Quiet and ReservedReluctant, lackluster and cautiousContinued reforms
Limited big business Added land to the conservations
Payne-Aldrich Bill
Progressive President
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Governor of NJNew Freedom
Eliminate all trusts Give voice to the average citizenRestrict corporate influenceReduce corruption in Government Laws on banking and tariffs
Backs reforms and helps creates change.
Woodrow Wilson
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Centered around Progressive reform TR comes back into the running with the
Bull Moose partyWilson and Taft
Wilson= Democrat Taft= Republican
The spilt between Taft and TR made it easier for Wilson to win the election
Election of 1912
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TR started itSherman Anti-trust actRegulate Monopolies J.P. Morgan's Northern Securities CompanySet standards for RR companies Hepburn Act – Shipping rates
Busting Trusts
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Under Taft the Justice system brought 90 lawsuits against trusts
Strict interpretation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Taft and Trusts
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Clayton Antitrust act Stricter than ShermanCan’t lower prices in
one market and not the other
Protected labor Unions Exempt from antitrust laws
Federal Trade Commission of 1914
Wilson and Trusts
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TR Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and
Drug Act Pure Food
FDA test and approve drugs before they are on the market
Protecting Consumers
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TRArbitration- outside advice during strikes
Taft and Wilson Taft= Department of Labor
Children's Bureau Wilson= Keating- Owned Child Labor Act
Together= Supported an 8 hour workday
Protecting Workers
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Preservation- Protection of the wilderness
Conservation- Limited use of resources TR- Favored conservatism=
NATIONAL PARKS!!!U.S. Forest Service
Taft- Added 2.7 Million acres to Nation Wildlife Refuge System
Wilson – National Park Services
Protecting the Environment
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Financial Reforms Stabilize the Banks Taft= urged congress to reform banksWilson= Federal Reserve Act 1913
Federal Reserve Act Divided the country into 12 regions each with a
federal reserve bank Central bank of America Private banks are still private but all obey the same
laws safety net Lend money Sets monetary policy Set interest rates regulate how much a bank can
lend
Reforming National Gov.
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16th Amendment(1913)Federal Income tax
Fund government programs Graduated Tax
17th Amendment (1913)Established direct election of U.S. Senators
Replaced election of senators by state legislatures
18th Amendment(1919)Established prohibition = no Alcohol
19th Amendment (1920)Guaranteed women the right to vote
Amendments of the Era