18-3 Kingdoms and Domains. As biologists learned more about the natural world, it became apparent...
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Transcript of 18-3 Kingdoms and Domains. As biologists learned more about the natural world, it became apparent...
As biologists learned more about the natural world, it became apparent that Linnaeus’s 2-kingdom system was too simple.
Today, we use 6 Kingdoms for classification:
1. Plants (Plantae)2. Animals (Animalia)3. Protists (Protista)4. Fungi 5. Eubacteria6. Archaebacteria
Kingdom Plantae
• Land plants include mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and vascular plants like trees and ferns
• Obtain energy through photosynthesis
Kingdom Animalia
• Multicellular, eukaryotic , heterotrophic organisms
• Water bears (Tardigrades) are eight-legged microscopic animals that are extremophiles– They can survive temp. of -
273° C to over 151° C, 1,000 times more radiation than other animals, and live a decade without water. They have also lived over 10 days in the vacuum of space.
Kingdom Protista
• Protists are mostly unicellular, eukaryotic organisms
• They include protozoa, ciliates, some molds and algaes.
• Red algae is a multicellular example of a protist
Kingdom Fungi• Fungi include mushrooms,
molds, and yeasts. • Fungi are more related to
animals than plants!• Eukaryotic decomposers
– NA Destroying angel (Amanita bisporgia) death by liver hemorrhage within 2 days in most cases.
– Most toxic mushroom in North America
Kingdom Eubacteria
• Single-celled, prokaryotic microorganisms
• True bacteria• Biomass greater than all
plants and animals on Earth
• 10x as many bacterial cells in human flora as there are cells in human body
Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Single-celled organisms with no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
• Extremophiles• Halophiles – extreme
salt• Thermophiles –
extreme heat
To organize all of these kingdoms, biologists use 3 domains.
1.Eukarya- protists, fungi, plants, and animals; uni- and multicellular, eukaryotes
2.Bacteria- eubacteria; unicellular prokaryotes, “true bacteria”
3.Archaea- archaebacteria; unicellular prokaryotes, no O2, extreme environments.