1660- 1700

Battleground of North America

Problems between France and England

 Both sea faring nations Both want the same resources –

fish and fur Both had colonies in N.A. Natives also drawn into the

battle Often wars would start in

Europe and spread to N.A.

1. French Drive Inland

• 1670’s – Frontenac’s and Talon’s goal was to gain more fur territory for New France

• Established forts along the Great Lakes, Mississippi and Ohio River Valley

• This expansionist model was a direct threat to the English living in the Thirteen Colonies

• This was to counter the English in the Hudson Bay area as well

• map of early forts

• http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/exhibits/franco_ontarian/big/animation.htm

Outbreak of War in Europe

• King Williams War 1689 – 1697 (Europe – League of Augsburg)

• Iroquois attack Lachine in 1689

• Frontenac returns to New France – attacks Maine and New Hampshire

D’Iberville

• Sails down to New Orleans and establishes Ft Biloxi

• Takes forts in Newfoundland

Takes English Forts in Newfoundland

D’Iberville

• December 1697 in the Hudson Bay

• Ship the Pelican takes out two other British ships

• Takes York Factory

William Phips

• British officer from the Thirteen Colonies

• Attacks Quebec but Frontenac holds out

• His famous reply “ through the mouths of my cannons and muskets”

• Troupes de la Marine save New France

1697 – Treaty of Ryswick

• France gains large areas in North America – Hudson Bay, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland

• Settled the League of Augsburg in Europe

• (Frontenac dies 1698)

Treaty of Utrecht 1713

• By the Treaty of Utrecht, France cedes Acadia to Great Britain, retaining Île Royale (Cape Breton Island) and Île Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island).

• Britain calls the territory acquired 'Nova Scotia', however, due to difficulties in interpreting the actual size of Acadia, possession of present day New Brunswick is disputed. Also by the treaty,

• France recognizes British rights to Rupert's Land, with some dispute as to the exact extent of the area. France also relinquishes interest in Newfoundland, except fishing rights, to Great Britain.