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for feedback & articles

E-mail : kishanjain@gmail.com

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TTZ Authority

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"The Taj is threatened wi th deter iora t ion and damage not only by the traditional causes of decay, but also by the changing s o c i a l a n d e c o n o m i c conditions which aggravate the situation with even more formidable phenomena of damage and destruction."

Justice Kuldeep Singh in his landmark judgment dated 30.12.1996 in writ petition no. 13381 of 1984 (MC Mehta v. UOI),

th16 Anniversary

TTZ Authority (13.5.2014)

ofBut…Miles to go …

th16 Anniversary

TTZ Authority (13.5.2014)

of

33

PrefacePrefacethOn this 13 , the Taj Trapezium Zone Pollution

(Prevention & Control) Authority (TTZA) completed its 16 years of its formation. But, alas, TTZA could not control the pollution in the TTZ area to the desired level and its glaring instances are: the Yamuna having become a Nala and flowing at the

thback of 17 Century marvel, Taj Mahal; the deserted site of Taj Heritage Corridor lying in pathetically ignored state; solid waste mis-management in Agra; Taj National Park waiting indefinitely; the unabated non-conforming land uses and much higher level of RSPM. True also, the TTZA is suffering with acute crunch of man power and funds but who is responsible for this scenario?

Under the directions of the Supreme Court, the 'Taj Protection Mission' has been also conceptualized with separate allocation of funds by the Planning Commission of India. The State Govt. also formed on 9.5.1997 (17 years ago) the 'Mission Management Board' chaired by the Chief Secretary of the State.

During this period of 16 years, Rs. 304.89 crore have been spent on 20 projects of TTZA. Did the execution of these projects made any physical difference to the environmental conditions of Agra? NEERI conducted the 'Environmental Post Evaluation of the Projects under the Schemes in the TTZ' (May, 2010) only in respect of 8 projects out of 20 projects.

NEERI has prepared the Comprehensive Environment Management Plan (CEMP) (December, 2013) and gave a number of its suggestions. 14 new TTZ projects for Rs. 1324.30 crores have also been proposed but are gathering dust in the official machinery. It is yet to see what physical changes on ground level may come to the

TTZ on execution of the CEMP and when it would see the day of light.

TTZA, itself, is a temporary body, whose term has been extended time to time and lastly uptil December, 2015. Should we have a temporary statutory body like TTZA for protection of Taj and its surrounding environment?

Here is a report by KC Jain to give an insight to the issue

Ministry of Environment and Forests, GoI, declared the Agra-Mathura region as the air pollution protected area, namely the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) in the year 1983 which is in the form of trapezium bounded by Longitude 77° 15E on the West 78° 30E on the East and lines joining Latitude 27°30N on the North and Latitude 26°45 to 27°00N on the South and prohibited establishment /expansion of polluting industries.

TTZ Area comprised of Agra, Mathura, Mahamayanagar, Firozabad and Bhartpur districts

2and encompassed a total area of about 10,400 km with the special focus on Agra City.

Further, MoEF, GoI, in the year 1999, notified the Taj Trapezium Zone Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority, Agra (TTZA) for the protection and improvement of the environment in the TTZ area.

1. To moni tor the progress for the implementation of the various scheme for the protection of Taj Mahal and also to monitor the projects for the protection and improvement of the environment of TTZ.

2. To exercise the powers of S.25 of the Environment Protection Act.

3. To take necessary steps for ensuring the compliance of the prescribed emission standards of the vehicles and also to ensure the compliance of the fuel quality standards.

4. To resolve environmental issues relating to the TTZ entrusted by the Central Govt. or the UP and Rajasthan Governments.

TTZ Zone and its Authority

Mandate for the TTZA

Pitiable scene of dirt at the back of Taj Mahal

44

Table-11. Commissioner, Agra Division Chairman

2. District Magistrate, Agra Vice-Chairman

3. Deputy Inspector General of Police, Agra Range Member

4. Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board Member

5. Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests- Member

Representative of Government of India

6. A Representative of Ministry of Petroleum and MemberNatural Gas

7. A Representative of ASI Member

8. Municipal Commissioner, Agra Member

9. Principal Secretary, Environment Department – MemberRepresentative of Uttar Pradesh Government

10. Member Secretary, Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board Member

11. Member Secretary, Rajasthan Pollution Control Board Member

12. Secretary, Environment Department – MemberRepresentative of Government of Rajasthan

13. District Magistrate, Bharatpur, Rajasthan Member

14. Deputy Inspector General of Police, Bharatpur Range Member

15. Deputy Chief Wildlife Warden, Bharatpur Birds Sanctuary Member

16. Secretary, Urban Improvement Trust, Bharatpur Member

17. Superintending Mining Engineer, Department of Mines, Bharatpur Member

18. Vice-Chairman, Agra Development Authority Convener. Member

Taj Protection Mission (TPM)The Taj Protection Mission (TPM) has been

established as a joint venture between the Uttar Pradesh Government and Government of India. The Central Government provides 50 percent of the matching grants for various schemes formulated to protect the Taj. The Mission Management Board (MMB) hasbeen constituted by the Government of

Uttar Pradesh which approves and monitors various protection schemes. The administrative approval for the project has been given by MMB and technical staff of the concerned department carries out implementation.

TTZA presently has 18 members, who were notified vide notification dated 14.1.2005, who are:

Members of TTZA

Zuhir Bin Sagir, then DM, Agra visited the site of Taj National Park with

A delegation of Agra Development Foundation (2013)The noted environment journalist

Brij Khandelwal with his volunteers

55

TTZA has no funds or Manpower

Projects taken up by TTZA

TTZA, though constituted 16 years back, was never given funds or manpower for its functioning by the Central Government. How could it work without its secretariat or funding?

One of the principal reasons for the TTZA not performing upto the mark is the want of its full time executives besides the technical & ministerial staff. The Central Government needs to take the immediate steps in this regard.

So far, the TTZA took up 20 projects as below:

· Total no. of projects 20

· Their estimated cost Rs. 640.08 crores

· Total released amount Rs. 331.65 crores.

· Total expenditure of projects Rs. 304.89 crores

Table-2S.No. Project Expenses Remark

(in crores)

Total 304.89

1. Improvement of Electric Supply in Agra 6.98 Completed

2. Improvement of Electric Supply in rural 38.47 The work is under progress.areas of Agra & Fatehpur-Sikri

3. Water Supply Agra 72.80 All balance works included under 'JNNURM'.

4. Water Supply Mathura-Vrindavan 41.99 Entire amt. has been utilized.(Phase I & II)

5. Gokul Barrage 30.07 Completed

6. Solid Waste Management 7.14 Completed. Rs.34.64 lac refunded

7. Storm Water Drainage

8. (i) Jal Nigam 4.50 Rs.31.95 lacs are to be adjusted.

9. (ii) Nagar Nigam 0.95 Work Completed.

10. Construction of Agra Southern Bypass 8.43 Rs.22.50 lacs surrendered & Release of 2.00 Cr. stayed. Completed.

11. Widening of Agra Bypass 0.72 Completed. Rs.0.04 Cr. Refund.

12. Improvement of Master Plan Roads 21.22 Completed.of Agra City

13. Plantation 8.37 Completed.

14. Improvement of 20 City Roads 7.57 Rs. 8.36 Cr. surrendered.

15. Improvement of Parking on 0.94 CompletedWestern Gate of Taj

16. Agra Sewerage 23.00 All balance works included under 'JNNURM'.

17. Agra Barrage 4.84 Rs.1.00 Cr. lapse & Rs.10.16 Cr. refunded. Not to be implemented.

18. Water Supply Mathura-Vrindavan 6.00 All balance works included under

(Phase III) 'JNNURM'.

19. Maintenance of Plantation 2.29 Entire released amt. has been utilized. Plants are properly maintained by the Forest Deptt.

20. Set up of 4 Monitoring Stations 0.61 Completed Rs.9.84 lac refunded

66

Environmental post evaluation of TTZ projectsThe Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) required NEERI to conduct the Environmental Post

Evaluation of the Project under the Schemes of the TTZ. The objectives of the study was to see the improvement in environmental quality on the environs of Taj Mahal and other historical monument to provide tangible/quantifiable benefits of the 8 completed projects and to provide clear cut directions on taking up new projects based on the evaluation report.

NEERI submitted its final Report (May, 2010) (www.agrarising.in/pdf/ttz.pdf) regarding 8 projects only of Rs. 107.41 crores out of the 20 above mentioned projects for Rs. 304.89 crores. NEERI did not evaluate the remaining 12 projects for Rs. 197.48 crores.

The project wise overall objectives and their attainment were summarized by NEERI in the following table:-

Table-3S.No. Project Objectives Attainment/Remarks

1. Improvement of Electric Improvement in ambient Objective attained

Supply in Agra air quality at Taj Mahal

2. Gokul Barrage Augmentation of water Partially attained, Water supply

supply to Agra, Mathura increased, quality not good,

and Vrindava, improvement ground water table went down,

in ground water table, salinity not reduced

reduction in salinity

3. Widening of Agra By pass Improvement in ambient air Objectives attained.

quality at Taj Mahal

4. Storm Water Drainage Improvement in Water Partially attained, Drains

System (Agra) availability and quality constructed but poorly managed, sewage mix observed.

5. Solid Waste Management Improvement in aesthetics Partially attained, Open dumping

& environment of Agra city still practiced, lacks proper SWM

and land/soil quality management, no sanitary landfill.

6. Construction of one part Improvement in ambient air Objectives attained.

of Agra By-pass quality at Taj Mahal

7. Improvement in Electric Improvement in overall Objectives attained.

Supply in and around the ambient air quality

rural areas of Agra and

Fatehpur Sikri

8. Improvement of Master Improvement in ambient Objectives attained.

Plan of Roads of Agra City air quality at Taj Mahal

A symbolic cleaning of Yamuna by the Citizens of Agra.

77

Comprehensive EnvironmentManagement Plan (CEMP) inDecember, 2013

Table-4

Sr. Category of No of Types of QuantityNo. Industry Industry Solid Avg.

Waste (kg/day)

NEERI has also prepared Comprehensive Environment Management Plan (CEMP) (www.agrarising.in/pdf/environmentalmanagementplan.pdf) in December, 2013 and elaborated a number of suggestions. In the Report, the quantity of the solid waste generated from the different categories of industries of Agra was mentioned as below:

1. Tannery 70 Skin cutting, 6,300babul bark, etc.

2. Electroplating 70 Metal parts, 117 etc.

3. Shoe making 2500 Small 25,000cutting etc.

4. Petha making 1000 Peelings of 5,00,000ash pumpkin

5. Dairy 1160 Dung 2,32,000

Total 4800 Total 7,63,417

Solid Waste Generated from Different Categories of Industries

88

New Projects by TTZ projects

TTZA has identified 14 new projects with an estimated cost of Rs. 1324.30 crore and the Chairman of TTZA has proposed them to the P r i n c i p a l S e c r e t a r y , Department of Environment,UP Govt., on 21.2.2014 (www.agraris ing. in/pdf /newproject/ttz.pdf). The projects are to be approved by the Mission Management Board and are to be funded from the 'Taj Trapezium Environment Protection

thFund' under the 12 five yearly plan.

However, no progress is understood to have been made so far. In fact, the proposals on the similar lines were sent to the UP Govt. even earlier but could not make any headway.

Initiative taken by TTZ Authority in TTZ Area

• Closure of Thermal Power Generation Plants.

• Dieselization of Railway Yards.

• Prohibition of establishment/expansion of

Table-5New proposed projects

1. ADA In a Ring Road from Kuberpur to Fatehabad Road 601.00

10.9 km. with bridge on Yamuna and ROB on Railway Line

2. UPPWD Widening of ROB on MG Road near Hariparwat crossing. 18.86

3. UPSRTC For T.P. Nagar, Agra 30.45

4. UP Bridge Corp. ROBs on Southern Bye-pass on Idgah Vyana Rail Section. 100.17

5. UP Bridge Corp. ROBs on Southern Bye-pass on Agra Fort – Achhnera Rail Section. 101.21

6. RTO, Agra Estimated cost for establishment of vehicle testing station. 9.94

7. RTO, Agra Estimated cost for establishment of school of motor driving training. 31.99

8. RTO, Agra Estimated cost for setting up of mobile testing pollution units 7.59

9. RTO, Agra Environment management plan under TTZ Scheme 203.07

10. DFO, Agra Development in T.P. Nagar, Agra 110.66

11. NN, Agra Improvement & beautification of existing parks. 36.66

12. NN, Agra Road widening/strengthening of main road of Agra city. 53.38

13. Kevla Deo, Bio-diversity conservation project 1.36

National Park

14. DVVNL Laying of under ground electric lines of 33 and 11 KVA near 17.96

Taj Mahal.

S.No. Execution Agency Project Cost(in cr.)

TOTAL 1324.30

99

polluting industries.

• Closure of polluting industries except those with adequate Pollution Control System.

• Closure of Approx. 450 Brick Kilns with TTZ.

• Closure of Approx. 225 Coal/Coke based Industries/Foundries at Agra.

• Supply of Natural Gas started to Mathura Refinery and Industries of Agra & Firozabad phasewise.

• Setting up of Improved Sulphur Recovery Units at Mathura Refinery.

• Setting up of Modern Slaughter house with Air and Water Pollution Control Measures at Kuberpur, Agra

• Use of Gas/ Eco-friendly fuel by Industries of Agra.

• Shifting of Petha Industries in the Kalindri Vihar Yojana is proposed.

• Restriction of plying of Petrol, diesel vehicles around 500 mtr. of Taj Mahal.

• Acoustic enclosures on D.G. Sets (proposed)

• Fixing of Following age limits have been fixed up by the R.T.A. Agra for vehicles plying with in Agra City –

i. Petrol driven auto rickshaw with Catalytic Converters - 10 years w.e.f. date of registration.

ii. Petrol driven auto rickshaw without Cat Con – 7 years w.e.f. date of regn.

iii. Diesel driven tempo taxi with scrubber – five years w.e.f. date of regn.

iv. City buses – 8 years w.e.f. date of regn.

v. Private buses operated on non notified routes in TTZ area – 10 years w.e.f. date of regn.

• No new registration of age barred vehicles.

• Plying of battery operated Buses and other vehicles within 500 mtr. of Taj also in Agra City.

• Supply of lead free Petrol and Ultra low Sulphur Diesel to vehicles & supply of Ultra low sulphur Diesel at Agra.

• Supply of C.N.G. and L.P.G. for vehicles (proposed)

• To establish and encourage installation of CNG stations.

• To encourage development of parks so that green coverage can be enhanced.

Various Authorities have been constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 in compliance with the directions of the Supreme Court, which are:

1. The Dahanu Taluka Environment Protection Authority – For the ecologically fragile areas in Dahanu Taluka, Dist. Thane (constituted on 19.12.1996);

Various Authorities Concerning Environmental Issues

1010

2. The Central Ground Water Authority - For Ground Water Management and Development (constituted on 14.1.1997);

3. Aqua Culture Authority - Regarding shrimp culture industry in the Coastal States and Union Territories (constituted on 6.2.1997);

4. The Water Quality Assessment Authority - To direct the agencies (Govt./local bodies/non-Governmental) for taking action (constituted on 29.5.2001);

5. The Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority for NCR of Delhi - for controlling and abating environmental pollution (Constituted on 29.01.1998);

6. The loss of Ecology (Prevention and Payments of Compensation) Authority for the State of Tamil Nadu (constituted on 30.9.1996); &

7. The Taj Trapezium Zone Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority- for the TTZ (constituted on 17.5.1999).

• Agra not declared as Heritage City - Agra could not be declared as the Heritage City though the Supreme Court desired for the same in its judgment dated 30.12.1996 in Writ Petition No. 13381 of 1984 (MC Mehta v. UOI)

• Yamnuna totally ignored - River Yamuna flows at the back of Taj Mahal and also of several other centrally protected monuments, namely, Jaswant Singh-ki-Chatri, Batties Khamba, Etma-ud-aulah, Mehtab Bagh, Agra Fort etc. Several untreated drains directly flow in River Yamuna polluting it much against the environmental laws. It is also causing damage to the foundation of Taj & other monuments because of highly toxic nature of the polluted water flowing in Yamuna. No effective steps could be taken in this regard.

Where TTZA legged behind:

• No effective solid waste management - Solid waste management is causing damage the environment. Unfortunately, it could not be effectively managed in a scientific way much to the disappointment of the people of Agra and the 10 million tourist visiting annually to the city.

• Unabated Non-conforming land uses - Law does not permit use of the land which is not in conformity with the land use plan in force but several activities

continue unabated. The Petha industries & dairies could not be shifted outside urban area so far. The ternaries and electroplating continue.

• No progress in developing Taj National Park - Masterplans of Agra both of the years 2001 & 2021 envisaged Taj National Park in the back of Taj Mahal. But, no steps could be taken to develop it and haphazard growth is taking place.

• No greenery of Taj Heritage Corridor Site - Despite Supreme Court's order of Feb. 2006, the greenery of the site of Taj Heritage Corridor has been so far carried out. The Nala Mantola and the Nala flowing near Tajganj cremation ground could have been tapped. Rs. 17 crores were spent on the reclamation work of the corridor site which have gone in drain.

• No barrage - Supreme Court in its order dated 30.12.1996 asked for the construction of the barrage but there could be no progress so far.

• No exercise of power under S.25 of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 - Despite powers given, TTZA has not exercised them in any befitting case to check pollution or to prosecute the pollutants. It depicts inaction.

• Environment management plan (EMP) remains a dream - It is to see the light of the day and needs implemented.

Unfortunately, several environmental issues could not be taken up by the TTZA to their logical ends. Agraits need to come forward to petition the TTZA for the desired action. Like any other government functionary, the TTZA also suffers from the 'passing the buck', but our regular persuasions may bear fruits.

Need for greater role of citizen of Agra in TTZA

KC Jain, explaining the project of Taj National Park to Shri Sita Ram Meena,

then Divisional Commissioner of Agra (July, 2007)

1111

Pollution level in AgraStandards as per 18.11.2009 notification

Pollutant 2011 2012 2013 Industrial EcoResidential SensitiveArea Area

RSPM 160 184 191 100 100

SPM 290 293 368 60 60

· RSPM – Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter· SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter

Significant directions given in judgment dated 30.12.1996 in Writ No. 13381 of 1984 (MC Mehta v. UOI), which still remain to be implemented• Construction of Agra bypass to divert all the traffic which passes through the city. Under direction of this Court, 24 kms` stretch of the bypass shall be completed by the end of December 1996.

• To ensure 100 per cent uninterrupted electricity to the TTZ. This is necessary to stop the operation of generating sets which are major source of air pollution in the TTZ.

• The construction of Agra Barrage and water supply of Agra Barrage, have also been undertaken on a time-schedule basis to supply drinking water to the residents of Agra and to bring life into River Yamuna which is next to the Taj (Court order dated 10-5-1996 and 30-8-1996).

• Sanctioning separate allocation for the city of Agra and the creation of separate cell under the control of Central Government to safeguard and preserve the Taj, the city of Agra and other national heritage monuments in the TTZ.

Our Aspirations:» Taj Protection Mission should become effective and the Central Govt. should take due initiative and TTZA should get involved efficiently.

» Mission Management Board formed by the State Govt. should set in motion the machinery for the Protection of Taj and its surroundings.

» Central Government should create proper secretariat and also sanction its annual budget for the effective functioning of TTZA.

» The Central Government, instead of extending its term time and again, should make it a permanent body.

» Immediate steps to stop pollution of river Yamuna should be taken by TTZA.

» TTZA should direct the civic authorities and concerned stake holders for ensuring efficient management of solid waste.

» Greater public participatory role should be assigned so that the environment management plan and its implementation embodies the public aspirations.

» TTZA should be restructured to include social activists, stake-holders and public representatives to give it a greater democratic functioning.

» TTZ projects should be conceptualized and prioritised in consultation with the stakeholders and social activists.

» State Government should also have its decisive role in the expeditious project finalization, financing and implementation.

» TTZA should efficiently address the environmental issues.

» Since the State Government has to contribute 50% of the cost of the projects as its share, it needs to make the appropriate budgetary provisions.

» Green cover in Agra should be increased to reduce the level of RSPM and SPM.

» TTZA should have its website, as is essential u/s 4(2) of the RTI Act, 2005. It would ensure transparency and dissemination of information with easy accessibility to public.

» The proceedings of TTZA alongwith all projects and reports should be available on TTZA website.

1212

Here is a balance sheet prepared by Brij Khandelwal, a noted environment journalist, to present a vivid picture of the steps taken and not taken in TTZ area.

Agra has been in the focus of storm on the pollution front. The revolutionary initiative by eco lawyer MC Mehta through his PIL in the Supreme Court made history and, in year 1996, the Apex Court ordered a series of initiatives to secure the Taj Mahal from air pollution and civic degradation.

16 years after, lets take a look on what has been done and not done. Have we lost the war against pollut ion already, or has Agra become environmentally safe for the people and the world heritage sites.

• In zone I,II & III, 114 industries are drawing natural gas for use in production processes.• Strict vigil on compliance of 292 industries that were directed by the Supreme Court not to use coal or coke. Out of 292 industries 87 have connection for CNG by GAIL.• All the brick kilns within the radius of 20 kms of significant monuments of Agra city have been closed. • New Industries using coal and coke are not being allowed to set up in Agra Trapezium Zone in UP. • Regular monitoring of ambient air quality in the Agra city. Currently four monitoring stations are there in the Agra city. • It is proposed to supply CNG as fuel for processing /production & it is also proposed to replace DG sets with Gas generators. • Restriction on supply and use of coal. Coke, wood, rice husk, baggase to the industries situated in the city limit of Agra.• D.G sets installed by Industries/ commercial establishments in no gas zones shall be fitted with wet scrubber 7 acoustic enclosures.• Only small scale Service & Business related Enterprises (SSSBE) that are essentially required within the city, should be allowed in the designated commercial areas authorized markets/ authorized shopping plaza.• Petha Industries operating in the city shall be shifted to Kalindi Vihar site identified for this industry and shall operate by CNG/LPG only.

Salient features of actions taken to control industrial pollution:

What Has Not Been Done So Far:• The Supreme Court on the basis of the recommendations of the expert committee headed by Dr S Vardarajan, had directed the central and the state governments to take necessary steps.• Create green buffer around the city to arrest dust pollution from Rajasthan desert and to absorb toxic gases from increasing vehicular pollution…..A long way to go.• Drinking water problem has not been resolved. The crisis continues. The sewer system is inefficient, inadequate and non-functional in most parts of the city.• Petha units continue to use coal.• Dhobi ghats and dairies have not been shifted• The Taj ganj shamshan ghat still not shifted.• The River Police is still to become operational as a unit.• Yamuna pollution is at its peak. The drains and nullahs continue to empty untrealed sullage.• The Municipal Corporation has failed to operate a garbage dumpling and treating plan of action. Polythene bags continue to choke drains and find way into the river.• Air pollution remains high as waste from homes and leather cuttings from shoe factories continue to be littered around and burnt.• The promise of uninterrupted power supply 24x7 to the Taj city is still a dream.• The inner and outer ring roads are still at the planning stage.• A barrage on Yamuna is nowhere in sight.• City roads have not been widened or freed of encroachments.

A traffic system, a local bus system, has not been developed. Mono-rail, metro system not being considered.

No plan drawn to stop haphazard urban development. The number of unauthorized colonies has gone up hundred fold.

The Agra Development Authority has no vision plan for the future. No projections about population, growth potential, civic needs have been made. Ad hoc policy decisions lead to contradictions and confusion.

No initiative to control noise pollution, stop use of diesel generators or regulate submersible pumps.No strategy yet to clean up the river Yamuna, de-silting and dredging of the river bed.

The State Government has not yet unfolded its plan to clear the debris left behind by the controversial Taj Corridor project, which remains a major eye sore between two world heritage monuments the Agra Fort and the Taj Mahal.

No move made to introduce air connectivity.

Have we lost the war againstpollution in Agra.....

1313

Reference No. '1'

Order dt. 4.9.1996 in WP No. 13381 of 1984 (MC Mehta v. UOI & Ors.)

“We have suggested to Mr. K.M Lal that the planning Commission should consider having a separate planned allocation for the environmental protection of the Taj Mahal which is a world heritage and one of the wonders of the world. Lot of money is required to protect the environmental, save the Taj form pollution and for the growth of tourism. For this purpose, it would be advisable that a separate allocation should be made which should be utilized under the supervision of the Central Government. Even a special cell can be created to look after the Taj Mahal. This is only a suggestion for the consideration of the Planning Commission and the Government of India.”

3&ou foHkkx eSustesUV cksMZ ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds funsZ'kksa ds vuqikyu esa fofHkUu foHkkxksa }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ ifj;kstukvksa ij fopkj djsxk] vkSj mUgsa iwoZ fu/kkZfjr foRrh; lfoZl ds varÛZr foRrh; LohÏfr iznku djsxkA cksMZ ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djsxk fd bl ;kstukvksa ds for iks"k.k gsrq dsUnz ljdkj rFkk mRrj izns'k ljdkj dk eSfpax ;ksxnku izkIr gksrk jgsxkA bl izdkj ;kstukvksa ds LohÏr djus ds i'pkr~ cksMZ muds dk;kZUo;u gsrq vko';d dk;Zokgh lqfuf'pr djsxkA cksMZ bu ;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u gsrq ekWuhVfjax rFkk fjC;w Hkh djsxk vkSj tgka vko';d gksxk lqlaÛr funsZ'k Hkh tkjh djsxkA fofHkUu dk;Zdkjh foHkkxksa dk mRrjnkf;Ro Hkkjr esa fofHkUu Lrjksa ij mlh izdkj dk gksxk tSls fd muds }kjk fu"ikfnr vU; lkekU; foHkkxh; dk;ksZ ds lEcU/k esa gSA

4&;g Hkh funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd ekuuh; U;k;ky;ksa] laln] fo/kku e.My rFkk for foHkkx] fu;kstu foHkkx ,oa yksd lsok lfefr vkSj vU; lfefr;ksa bR;kfn& ds le{k Hkh lacaf/kr lalnh; foHkkxksa dk mRrjnkf;Ro mlh izdkj dk gksxk tSls fd vU; lkekU; foHkkxh; dk;ksZ ds lEcU/k esa gSA

(cztsUnz lgk;)eq[; lfpo

S.O. 350 (E). In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-sections (1) and (3) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986(29 of 1986) (hereinafter referred to as the said Act), the Central Government hereby constitutes an authority to be known as the Taj Trapezium Zone Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (herein referred to as the Authority) consisting of the following persons for a period of two years with effect from the date of publication of this notification in the Official Gazette, namely :-

Reference No. '3'

THE GAZETTE OF INDIAEXTRAORDINARY

PART II -- Section 3 -- Sub-section (ii)

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS ORDER

New Delhi, the 13th May, 1998Order

Reference No. '2'mŒizŒ ljdkj i;kZoj.k foHkkx

la[;k 1416@55&97&1(43) iz-fu-@92]Vh-l-y[kuÅ] fnukad% 9 ebZ] 1997

dk;kZy; Kkiflfoy feΠfjV fiVh'ku la[;k & 13381@84] ,e&lh& esgrk cuke~

;wfu;u vkWQ bf.M;k rFkk vU; esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds funsZ'kkuqlkj Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vkxjk fLFkr rkt egy dh i;kZoj.k lqj{kk gsrq fofHkUu foHkkxksa }kjk rS;kj ifj;kstukvksa rFkk muds fy, fufgr /kujkf'k ds vk/kkj ij uoha iapo'khZ;@;kstuk vof/k esa fofHkUu dk;ksZ ij yxHkx :Œ 600 djksM+ (N% lkS djksM+) dk O;; fd;k tkuk izLrkfor gSA ;kstuk vk;ksx] ;kstuk Hkou] ubZ fnYyh ds vFkZ 'kkldh; i= la[;k% ikŒbZŒ(ik)2@95] fnukad 7&4&1997 dh vis{kkuqlkj fofHkUu foHkkxksa }kjk rS;kj ifj;kstukvksa dh leh{kk djus rFkk /kujkf'k vkoafVr djus gsrq jkT; Lrj ij fuEu fooj.k ds vuqlkj fe'ku eSustesUV cksMZ dk xBu fd;k tkuk gS%&

1&eq[; lfpo] mRrj izns'ku 'kklu v/;{k

2&izeq[k lfpo] for foHkkx] mŒizŒ 'kklulnL;

3&izeq[k lfpo] ÅtkZ foHkkx] mŒizŒ 'kklulnL;

4&izeq[k lfpo] ou foHkkx] mŒizŒ 'kklu lnL;

5&vk;qDr] vkxjk e.My] vkxjk lnL;

6&izeq[k lfpo] i;kZoj.k foHkkx] mŒizŒ 'kklula;kstd&lnL;2&mi;qZDr ds vfrfjDr Hkkjr ljdkj ds i;kZoj.k ,oa ou

ea=ky;] ÅtkZ ea=ky;] 'kgjh fodkl ea=ky; rFkk dsUnzh; ;kstuk vk;ksx }kjk ukfer muds ,d&,d izfrfu/k Hkh bl cksMZ ds lnL; jgsaxsA

1414

(1) Commissioner, Agra Division Chairman (2) Chairman, Utter Pradesh State Pollution Control Board Member (3) Deputy Inspector General of Police, Agra Range Member (4) Member-Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board Member (5) A representative of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas Member (6) A representative of the Ministry of Environment and Forests Member (7) A representative of the Archaeological Survey of India Member (8) Vice-Chairman, Agra Development Authority Member-Convener

2. The authority shall, within the geographical limits of Agra Division in the Taj Trapezium Zone (see Annexure) in the State of Uttar Pradesh, have the power to -

(i) monitor progress of the implementation of various schemes for protection of the Taj Mahal and programmes for protection and improvement of the environment in the above said area;

(ii) exercise powers under section 5 of the said act;

(iii) take all necessary steps to ensure Compliance of specified emission-standards by motor vehicles and ensuring compliance of fuel quality standards;

(iv) deal with any environmental issue which may be referred to it by the Central Government or the State Government of Uttar Pradesh relating to the above said area;

3. The foregoing powers and functions of the Authority shall be subject to the overall supervision and control of the Central Government.

4. The Authority shall be authorised to exercise the powers under section 19 of the said Act.

5. The geographical limits of the Taj Trapezium Zone (see Annexure) have been defined in the shape of a trapezoid between 26 45 N & 77 15'E to 27 45 N & 77 15 E in the West of the Taj Mahal and in the East of Taj Mahal between 27 00' N & 78 30 E to 27 30' N & 78 30 E.

6. The Authority may co-opt experts for facilitating the work assigned to it.

7. The Authority shall furnish a report about its activities at least once in two months to the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests.

8. The Authority shall have its headquarters at Agra in the State of Uttar Pradesh.

[File No. Z-200118/1/99-CPA]

Vijai Sharma, Jt. Secy.

S.O. 3822(E). – In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) and (3) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government hereby makes the following further amendment in the Order of the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment and Forest, number S.O. 489(E), dated the 30th April, 2003. namely:

In the said Order, in paragraph 1, for the words “for a period of ten years and eight months” the words “for period of twelve years and eight months” shall be substituted.

[F.No. Z-20018/1/99-CPA]Susheel Kumar, Addl. Secy.

Reference No. '4'

Ministry of Environment and ForestORDER

New Delhi, the 27th December, 2013

1515

1616

eks

fd eksrh efLtn ds okLrqf'kYi 'kSyh dh dqN fo'ks"krk,a ml dSfFkMjy ls dkQh feyrh&tqyrh gSA

efLtn ds çkax.k esa fdukjs&fdukjs esgjkc cus gq, gSaA blds Nr ij lQsn laxejej ls cus rhu xqacn gSa] ftuds nhokj yky cyqvk iRFkj ls cus gSaA bl iwjs bekjr dk fuekZ.k lQsn laxejej ls csgn dykRed :i ls fd;k x;k gSA

eksrh efLtn dk fuekZ.k iwjh utkdr ds lkFk leferh; fMtkbu ls fd;k x;k gS] ftlls bldh HkO;rk [kqydj lkeus vkrh gSA

eksrh efLtn dh yackbZ 234 QhV 3 bap iwoZ ls if'pe gS vkSj pkSM+kbZ 187 QhV 8 bap mÙkj ls nf{k.k gSA efLtn dk ckgjh ifjn'; 'kk;n eDdk vkSj dkck ls feyrs tqyrs gSaA

rh efLtn vkxjk fdys ds mÙkj&if'pe esa tgka 'kkgtgka ls lacaf/kr vU; Hkou fufeZr gSa] cuh FkhA eksrh efLtn dks rktegy ds cuus ds rqjar ckn mlh lky cuokuk 'kq: dj fn;k x;k FkkA eksrh efLtn dk fuekZ.k Hkh 'kkgtgka us gh djok;k FkkA uke ds vuq:i ;g efLtn ,d cM+s eksrh ds ekfuan pedrk gSA ;g 1648 ls 1654 ds nkSjku cuhA lkr lky ds nkSjku cuus okyh bl csgrjhu efLtn ds fuekZ.k esa ml le; rhu yk[k #i;s dh ykxr yxh FkhA

bldk fuekZ.k vkxjk ds fdys ds ifjlj esa 'kkgh njckj ds yksxksa ds fy, fd;k x;k FkkA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ftu yksxksa us ekLdks fLFkr lar ckfly dSfFkMjy dk Hkze.k fd;k gS] mUgsa bl ckr dk ,glkl gks tkrk gS

efLtn dk HkO; vkdkj

1717

uekt dh dksf'k'k ds pyrs can gqbZ Fkh

QkmaMs'ku us Á/kkuea=h ls dh Fkh xqgkj

eksrh efLtn yacs vjls ls can gSA bl laca/k esa feyh tkudkjh ds eqrkfcd Þvkxjk fdys esa laj{k.k ,oa lao/kZu dh çfØ;k ds rgr ejEer dk;Z pyrk jgrk gSA 1978 esa eksrh efLtn esa ejEer dk;Z py jgk FkkA rHkh dqN vlkekftd rRoksa us lkaçnkf;d lkSgknZ fcxkM+us ds edln ls ejEer ds fy, [kqyh eksrh efLtn esa uekt vrk djus dh dksf'k'k dh FkhA iqjkrRo losZ{k.k foHkkx us ekgkSy dks lkekU; djus ds fy, dqN le; ds fy,* efLtn dks n'kZdksa ds fy, can dj fn;k FkkA mlds ckn egkfuns'kky; ls [kksyus ds fy, dksbZ vkns'k ugha vk,] vr% can gSA uhfr laca/kh vkns'k egkfuns'kky; Lrj ls gh vkrs gSa] tc tSlk vkns'k feysxk] mlh ds vuqlkj dk;Zokgh dh tk,xhßA

vkxjk MoyiesaV QkmaMs'ku ds lfpo Jh ds- lh- tSu us fo'o fojklr fnol (18 vçSy 2013) ij rRdkyhu ç/kkuea=h MkW- eueksgu flag ls vkxjk fdys esa fLFkr eksrh efLtn dks i;ZVdksa ds fy, [kksyus dh xqgkj yxkbZ FkhA bl i= esa eksrh efLtn ds ckjs esa dkQh egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh Hkh eqgS ;k djkbZ xbZ FkhA cM+s [ksn ds lkFk dguk iM+ jgk gS fd ç/kkuea=h dk;kZy; i= igqapus ds ckn dk;kZy; ds ftEesnkj vf/kdkfj;ksa us bl ,sfrgkfld egRo ds fo"k; ij dksbZ laKku ugha fy;kA efLtn ds [kqyus ls vkxjk fdys dk vkd"kZ.k esa [kklh of¼ gksrhA

rktegy ds lkis{k frgkbZ ns[krs gSa vkxjk fdyk

LekjdfVdV fcdha o"kZ 2013&14

Hkkjrh; fons'kh dqy lwpdkad

rktegy50]60]4187]10]80957]71]227100-00

vkxjk fdyk 17]41]6292]81]59320]23]222035-05

rktegy vkus okys i;ZVdksa dks vk/kkj ekuus ij

nqfu;k esa vukS[kh eksrh efLtn

;fn rkt ds if'peh xsV ls tk,a rks vkxjk fdyk] rkt ds jkLrs esa iM+rk gSA ;gka Hkh i;ZVd rktegy ds ,d frgkbZ ds vklikl gh vkrs gSaA ;g fopkj.kh; gS fd rkt vkus okys i;ZVd jkLrs esa ekStwn vkxjk fdys dks D;ksa ugha ns[kuk pkgrs gSa\

tkudkjksa dk ekuuk gS fd eksrh efLtn [kqyus ds ckn vkxjk fdyk dk vkd"kZ.k c<+ tk,xkA vHkh rktegy ds eqdkcys yxHkx ,d frgkbZ yksx ns[krs gSa rks efLtn [kqyus ds ckn de ls de rktegy ds vk/ks i;ZVd vkxjk fdyk ns[ksaxsA

çfl¼ bfrgkldkj çksQslj vkj- ukFk us viuh fdrkc Þvkxjk ,.M bV~l ekWU;wesaV~lß (1997 laLdj.k) esa eksrh efLtn dk c[kku fuEu 'kCnksa esa fd;k gSA bfrgkldkj vkj- ukFk vius xaHkhj] fu"i{k çfrfØ;kvksa ds fy, tkus tkrs gSaA

Þeksrh efLtn ekStwnk /kjksgjksa esa vf}rh; gS vkSj blds mRÏ"V çn'kZu dh rqyuk] bl Js.kh esa nqfu;k esa fdlh ls ugha dh tk ldrh gSA bl f'kykys[k ij dfo dh okgokgh iw.kZr% U;k;ksfpr gSßA

Þ;g LoxZ dh vewY; eksrh lh cuh egyuqek bekjr gSA tcls ;g nqfu;k clh gS] blds cjkcj dh efLtn] laiw.kZ :i ls lQsn laxejej dh] dHkh ugha cuh gSA bl nqfu;k ds cuus ls vc rd dksbZ iwtk&vpZuk dk LFkku bruk çfrHkk'kkyh vkSj nsnhI;eku u[k ls f'k[kj rd dHkh lkeus ugha vk;kßA

1818

rRdkyhu bfrgkldkjeqgEen lkysg us Hkh dhrkjhQ

ledkyhu bfrgkldkj eqgEen lkysg us Hkh ç'kalkRed O;k[;k dh gSA muds dgus ls lkfcr gksrk gS fd ;g efLtn ml le; dh lcls HkO; vkSj egRoiw.kZ jghA efLtn ds 'osr o.kZ ij lkysg dk dguk gS &

“Emulous of its brightness which glitters with the light of grace on the elegant forehead of men and sanctity and purity, the eyes of the Sun and Moon have become affected with the disease of cataract and flux of water by the nail of the crescent and the pencils of the rays of the Sun... withou exaggeration we may say that the silvery cup of its graceful dome, form the excess of its brightness and glitter resembling the fountain of the sun has added to the grandeur of the nine gilt domes of heaven.”

tkfgj gS tc nqfu;koh pht dh rqyuk tUur (LoxZ) ls gks jgh gks rks ekuk tk,xk fd og ml le; dh nqfu;k dh loZJs"B çLrqfr gSA lkysg us brus vyadj.kksa ls ;gh lkfcr djus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA

gekjh vis{kkvkxjk fdyk fLFkr eksrh efLtn

i;ZVdksa ds n'kZukFkZ rqjar [kksyh tk,A

vkxjk fdyk esa vU; fgLls tks i;ZVdksa ds n'kZukFkZ çfrcaf/kr gSa] og Hkh 'kh?kz [kksys tk,aA

ns'k] lekt ,oa i;ZVu dh fQtka fcxkM+us dk ç;kl djus okys yksxksa ls dM+kbZ ls fuiVus ds iq[rk bartke fd, tk,aA

lqj{kk ds fy, rduhdh midj.kksa dk ra= fodflr djuk Hkh T;knk dkjxj jgsxkA

1919

2020

fLFkfr jgrh gS] tcfd jfookj dks peZjksx ls lEcfU/kr dk;k d"V ls ihfM+r dqaM esa Luku djus okyksa ds Hkkjh rknkn esa igqapus ls yxHkx esys tSlh fLFkfr gks tkrh gSA flj ds nnZ ls ihfM+rksa dh la[;k c<+us ls iwtk mipkj ds fy;s vyx ls O;oLFkk dj j[kh x;h gSA

;gka tUek"Veh ioZ ij lIreh] v"Veh vkSj ukSaoh dks rhu fnu fo'kky esyk yxrk gSA blds vfrfjä ,d esyk cSlk[k ekg esa yxrk gSA esys ds nkSjku dkQh yksx ;gka fljnnZ vkSj peZ jksx ls futkr ikus vkrs gSaA vkLFkk ds bl dk; fpfdRldh; egRo ds LFky ij mipkj ds fy;s dksbZ Qhl ;k vuq"Bku vkfn tSlk [kpZ ugha gSA cl vk;sa] egknsoth dh çfrekvksa ds n'kZu dhft;s vkSj pys tkbZ;sA tkus ls iwoZ eafnj ifjlj esa gh

u Qhl vkSj u gha vkMEcj

e; ds lkFk Hkqyk fn;k x;k cFkyk xkao ikSjkf.kd egRo ds lkFk gh dk; fpfdRlk ds ifjçs{; esa [kkl egRo j[krk gS] flj ds nnZ ls ihfM+r [kkl rkSj ij mipkj ds fy;s ;gka cM+h la[;k esa igqaprs gSaA dq"B vkSj vU; peZ jksxksa ds mipkj esa Hkh ;gka ds yhyk foykl dqaM esa Luku oSKkfud ekU;rk u gksus ds ckotwn lfn;ksa ls ykHkdkjh lkfcr gks jgk gSA

[ksjkx<+ rglhy ds lSa;k fodkl [kaM ds bl cFkyk xkao ls tqM+h çpfyr ikSjkf.kd ekU;rk ds vuqlkj nsorkvksa ds jktk baæ us egf"kZ n/khfp ls çkIr vfLFk;ksa ls tks ctz ;a= rS;kj fd;k Fkk] mlls o=klqj dk o/k dj ;gha ozã gR;k ds nks"k ls eqDr gksus ds fy;s ;K fd;k Fkk rFkk ;K LFky ds lehi gh çdV gq, dqaM esa Luku dj Lo;a dks ozã gR;k ds nks"k ls eqDr fd;k FkkA

baæ viuh jkfu;ksa ds lkFk /kkfeZd vuq"Bku dj pys x;s] fdarq dqaM vkSj ;K LFky jg x;kA rc ls vc rd bl dqaM esa Luku dj ikieqDr gksus dk flyflyk vc rd py jgk gSA ikSjkf.kd ;qx ds bl oRrkar esa le; ds lkFk xkSgR;k ds iki ls eqfä dh fdonarh blesa tqM+ x;h gSA orZeku esa dqaM esa Luku dj dq"B lfgr peZjksx vkSj flj dk nnZ nwj gks tkus tSlh ekU;rk;sa çcy :i ls tqM+h gqbZ gSaA

tUek"Veh ioZ vkSj nsojkt baæ dh dFkkvksa ls lEcfU/kr fnolksa ij ;gka yxHkx esys dh lh

Ápfyr ikSjkf.kd ekU;rk gS

HkjisV çlkn Hkh ikrs tk;saA blds fy;s xq#}kjksa ds yaxj ls feyrh tqyrh fdarq dgha çkphu ijaijk py jgh gSA cl eBk/kh"k dks lwfpr djuk gksxk fd fdrus O;fä vk jgs gSaA vuqjks/k djus ij xzqi esa igqapus okyksa dks [kkus dks idkus ds fy;s lh/kk (dPpk lkeku) Hkh eB ç'kklu miyC/k djok nsrk gSA

dqaM ds rhu vksj ?kus isM+ksa dk l?ku dqat gS] tks fd dsoy vkLFkk dh flapkbZ vkSj {ks= ds yksxksa dh ifo= Hkkouk ls gh laHko gSA

cFkyk lSa;k dk egRoiw.kZ jktLo xkao gSA vkxjk ugj ds ugjh ra= dh ugjksa ls ;gka flapkbZ gksrh gS] vf/kdka'k fdlku rhu Qlysa djrs gSa] fdarq eq[; tksj jch dh Qly ij gh jgrk gSA vkxjk ls cqUnqdVjk ls nsojh jksM ls nsojh igqapus ds ckn lSa;k dh rjQ c<+us ij ;k Qhjkstkckn&lSa;k eq[; ftyk ekxZ (Mh ,e vkj) ij bjknr uxj ls lSa;k lSD'ku ds cka;h vksj ;g fLFkr gSA iwNs tkus ij xkao vkSj dqaM ds ckjs esa dksbZ Hkh vklkuh ls crk nsrk gSA

vfXuiqjk.k esa feyus okys mYys[k ds vuqlkj ,d ckj baæ ds njckj esa vius dks viekfur eku cgLifr nsorkvksa dks NksM+dj vU;= pys x;sA nsorkvksa dks fo'o:i dks viuk iqjksfgr cukdj dke pykuk iM+k] fdUrq fo'o:i dHkh&dHkh nsorkvksa ls fNikdj vlqjksa dks Hkh ;K&Hkkx ns fn;k djrs FksA baæ us ml ij dqfir gksdj mldk flj dkV fy;kA fo'o:i Ro"Vk ½f"k dk iq=

ljy gS igqap ekxZ

efgf"kZ n/khfp ls tqM+k orkar

l

2121

ckck egs'k fxfj dh pkgrbl LFkku ij iqtkjh vkSj eB ç'kkld

ds :i esa lsokjr ckck egs'k fxfj dk dguk gS fd ljdkj dk lg;ksx og pkgrs gSaA iwoZ esa dsoy vk'oklu gh feys gSaA dqaM dks Vîwc oSy ls ikuh dk vk'oklu nsus ds vk/kkj ij eafnj dh tehu ij ty fuxe us vksoj gSM VSad vkSj Vîwc oSy cuk Mkys] tks fd ikap lky ls vf/kd gks tkus ds ckn Hkh vc rd pkyw ugha gks lds gSaA bUgsa pkyw djokds ty fuxe ls ok;ns ds vuqlkj dqaM dks ikuh dh fu;fer O;oLFkk djok;h tk;sA xkao dks /kkfeZd egRo ds i;ZVu LFky ds :i esa 'kkfey dj fy;k tk;s rks dbZ lqfo/kk;sa Lor% gh laHko gks tk;saxhA

cM+h la[;k esa if{k;ksa dk Msjk cuk jgrk gSA ou foHkkx ls budh la[;k vkSj çtkfr;ksa ls lacf/kr lwpuk;sa miyC/k djok;s tkus dk vuqjks/k fd;k tk ldrk gSA

bl LFkku dk vkxjk esa ejkBkvksa ds 'kklu dky rd [kkl egRo Fkk] LFkkuh; yksxksa ds vuqlkj nkSyrjko flaf/k;k ds dk;Zdky esa ;gka ,d iDds pcwrjs ij f'kofyax Hkh cuk;k x;k FkkA tks vc Hkh eafnj ds ckgj fLFkr gSA bldk th.kksZ¼kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA

eafnjuqek dqfV;k ftlds uhps ls daM;wu ikbi gksdj ugj dk ikuh dqaM esa igqaprk gS esa nhokj ij LFkkfir nks ewfrZ;ka vR;ar çkphu ,oa nqyZHk gSaA budk iqjk vo'ks"k ds :i esa iathdj.k djok;k tkuk pkfg;sA

FkkA Ro"Vk ½f"k us Øksf/kr gksdj baæ dks ekjus ds mís'; ls egkcyh o=klqj dks mRiUu fd;kA o=klqj ds Hk; ls baæ viuk flagklu NksM+dj nsorkvksa ds lkFk ekjs&ekjs fQjus yxsA

bl ij ozãk th dh lykg ls nsojkt baæ egf"kZ n/khfp ds ikl mudh gfì;k¡ ek¡xus ds fy;s x;sA mUgksaus egf"kZ ls çkFkZuk djrs gq, dgk& çHkks! =SyksD; dh eaxy&dkeuk gsrq vki viuh gfì;k¡ gesa nku ns nhft;sA* egf"kZ n/khfp us dgk&nsojkt! ;|fi viuk 'kjhj lcdks fç; gksrk gS] fdUrq yksdfgr ds fy;s eSa rqEgsa viuk 'kjhj çnku djrk gw¡A* egf"kZ n/khfp dh gfì;ksa ls otz dk fuekZ.k gqvk vkSj o=klqj ekjk x;kA çpfyr yksd orkarksa ds vuqlkj cFkyk tgka o=klqj dh laj{k.k LFkyh gS] ogha ;gh mlds firk tEnkfXu dh mikluk LFkyh HkhA

chekjh ls bykt djokus dh çfl¼h lqudj egkRek xka/kh 1929 esa vkxjk vk;s FksA rkykc esa ugkus Hkj ls dq"B tSls jksx ds Bhd gks tkus lacf/kr tkudkjh tc mUgsa feyh rks og Lo;a vius dks cFkyk vkus ls jksd ugha ik, FksA vkus ij mUgksaus dqaM ds ikuh ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls tkudkjh yh FkhA

flapkbZ foHkkx ds }kjk tuin ds Hkjs tkus dks lwphc¼ fd;s x;s rkykcksa esa vaxzstksa ds le; ls bls uEcj ,d ij gh j[kk x;k gSA x<+lkuh ekbZuj ls [ksr dh esa<+ ds fdukjs dh [kkanh ls bls ikuh igqapkus dk batke fd;k x;k gSA ugjh ikuh rkykc esa igqapus ls iwoZ ftl baVsd ikSbaV ls rkykc esa igqaprk gS] ml ij çkphu çfrekvksa ls lq'kksfHkr eafnj ds uhps ls ,d lhesaV ds g;we ikbi ls gksdj igqaprk gSA LFkkuh; ekU;rk ds vuqlkj çkphu çfrekvksa ds uhps fudyus ek= ls ikuh dh rklhj cny tkrh gS vkSj dqaM esa igqapus ds lkFk gh ifo= ty esa rCnhy gks tkrk gSA

x<+lku ekbZuj ls ifo= dqaM rd tkus okys xwy ds [ksr dh esa<+ dh [kan ds lgkjs tkus okys yxHkx 500 ehVj ds Hkkx dks iDdk djokuk vkSj u"V çk;% dksykos dks yxokuk] ftlls ekbZuj ls fMlpktZ gksus okyk ikuh fcuk fdlh Nfr ds dqaM rd igqap ldsA

dqaM dk vkdkj iwoZ esa dkQh foLrr jgk gksxk vkSj mldk viuk tyxzkgh {ks= Hkh jgk gksxk fdarq vc ;g lhfer nk;js dk gks x;k gS] voS/k vfrØe.k jksdus ds fy;s okmaMªh Hkh cuok nh x;h gSA bl okmaMªh ds ihNs lfgr vU; nksuksa vksj ?kus isM+ksa dk dqat gS] ftlesa

Áflºh lqu vk,egkRek xka/kh

ljdkj ls ljy laHko vis{kk,sa

2222

ckotwn bl LFkku dk /kkfeZd i;VZu LFky ds :i esa laj{k.k rks ljdkj ls visf{kr gS ghA yhyk foykl dqaM ds iwoZ esa Hkh ikrky rksM+ dqa, vkSj LFkkuh; tyxzkgh {ks= ds :i esa lzksr jgs gksaxs] ftuesa ls vc dsoy LFkkuh; tyxzkgh {ks= dk Hkh lhfer Hkkx gh cpk gS] ftls lqjf{kr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA ;g ty laj{k.k uhfr ds vuq:i gh ,d dk;Z gSA ugjksa ls rkykc Hkjus dh çfØ;k ds rgr bldk x<+lku ekbZuj ls Hkjus dk dk;Z vf/kd çHkkoh cuk;k tk;sA yksxksa dh Hkkouk ,oa ekU;rkvksa dk viuk egRo gS] fQj Hkh rkykc ds ikuh dk oSKkfud fo'ys"k.k djok;k tkuk pkfg;sA

loksZPp U;k;ky; dh vuqJo.k lfefr ds lnL; Jh jeu us 22 flrEcj 2013 dks cFkyk vkSj ;gka ds /kkfeZd ekU;rkvksa okys LFkyksa dk fujh{k.k dj ty fuxe ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ls yhyk foykl dqaM* dks Hkjiwj ty miyC/k djokus dh dksf'k'k esa cUn iM+s Vîwc oSy dks 'kq: djokus dh dksf'k'k Hkh dh fdUrq dksbZ ifj.kke ugha fudykA xzke iapk;r ds ikl lhfer lalk/ku gksuk bldk eq[; dkj.k jgkA flpkbZ foHkkx Hkh vkxjk ugj ç.kkyh ds lSa;k fodkl [kaM esa iM+us okys x<+lkuh ekbZuj* dh nqnZ'kk nwj djus ds fy;s /ku miyC/k djokus ds fy;s /ku dh vuqiyC/krk ds uke ij gkFk [kM+s dj pqdk gSA

Jh jeu us fd;k Fkk Á;kl

tyuhfr esa vkxjk cusxkjksy ekWMy % tyiq#"k

eq[;ea=h vf[skys'k ;kno dh igy ij tyiq#"k ds uke ls fo[;kr jktsUæ flag mÙkj çns'k dh tyuhfr cuk jgs gSaA bl flyflys esa mUgksaus vkxjk ds dbZ {ks=ksa dk fujh{k.k fd;kA xaxk csflu vkWFkkWVhZ ds lnL; jktsUæ flag Hkh cFkyk ds /keZLFkyksa [kkl dj yhyk foykl dqaM dk fujh{k.k dj x;s gSaA mudk dguk gS fd ;g ty laj{k.k ds mik;ksa ds lkFk gh /kkfeZd i;ZVu LFky ds vuq:i tks Hkh voLFkkiuk lqfo/kk;sa gksrh gksa] mUgsa lqyHk djok;k tk;sA mudk dguk gS fd xzke lHkk dks i;ZVu laHkkoukvksa dh nf"V ls Lis'ky ntkZ nsdj vf/kd /ku miyC/k djok;k tk ldrk gSA

ys[kd

jktho lDlSuk

jksM lkbust yxok;k tkuk

xkao rd jksM lkbM IykaVs'ku

vkxjk dk iq'dj gS cFkyk

eB esa pwafd lkoZtfud mís'; ls xkSikyu Hkh gksrk gSA vr% ;gka i;kZIr ek=k esa xkscj dh miyC/krk gSA QyLo:i çsfjr dj ;gka ,d xkscj xSl IykaV vkSj mldh xSl ds mi;ksx dks vk/kkfjr ,d vk/kqfud fdfpu cuok;h tk ldrh gSA

rkykc ds fdukjs [kkyh ,oa mi;qDr LFkku fpfUgr dj Hkze.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s lqfo/kktud cSapksa dks Myok;k tk ldrk gSA

Qhjkstkckn&lSa;k jksM ij 'ke'kkckn vkSj lSa;k ds chp esa bl LFkku dh lwpuk ds jksM lkbu yxok;s tk ldrs gSa] ,d jksM lkbu vkxjk dh vksj ls vkdj bjknr uxj ds ikl Qhjkstkckn lSa;k jksM ij feyus okyh lM+d ij Hkh yxok;k tk ldrk gSA

oFkyk ds ckjs esa fczfV'k dky esa tkjh vkxjk ds vkf[kjh xtsfV;j esa bldk mYys[k gSA xtsfV;j esa çdkf'kr rF;ksa dks lekosf'kr dj dqaM ,oa cFkyk dh tkudkjh dh lwpuk f'kyk ;k ifV~Vdk Hkh yxok;h tk ldrh gSA

ikSjkf.kd ;qx ls oSKkfud ;qx vk tkus ls reke cnyko vk pqds gSa] fdarq blds

2323

2424

laxzgky; dh LFkkiuk

laxzgky; okLrq

laxzgky; esa gS miyC/k

rkt laxzgky; dk ekStwnk Lo:i 'kkgtgka dkyhu iqjko'ks"kksa dks lkekU; ukxfjdksa ds voyksdukFkZ lu~ 1982 esa rktegy ifjlj ds if'peh pkgjnhokjh ds xfy;kjs ds fudV ukScr[kkus dks laxzgky; ds :i esa ç;ksx fd, tkus dh 'kq:vkr gqbZ FkhA mä Hkou dks ty egy ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA rkt laxzgky; dh igys 1906 esa ykWMZ dtZu ds le; esa Hkh LFkkiuk gqbZ FkhA rc ;g nks NgHkqtkdkj dejksa esa rkt ds if'pe }kj ij FkkA ckn esa [kku cgknqj ekSyoh tQj gqlSu] laxzgky; v/;{k vkSj v/kh{k.k iqjkrRofon] mÙkjh {ks=] vkxjk us laxzgky; fodflr djus esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku fn;kA

prq"dks.kh; NTts ls ;qä ;g f}eaftyk Hkou] mUur pcwrjs ij cuk gSA bl Hkou ds e/; esa rhu esgjkcksa okyk cjkenk ,oa nksuksa rjQ dejs gSaA ;g cjkenk (xfy;kjk) ,d vk;rkdkj nh?kZ d{k esa [kqyrk gS] ftlds fdukjs v"Vdks.kh; vnZ~/koÙkkdkj rFkk e/; esa v"Vdks.kh; vkys gSaA blds Hkwry esa laxzgky; gSA igyh eafty ij laxzgky; dk dk;kZy; gSA

bl laxzgky; esa 'kkgtgka dkyhu iqjko'ks"k çnf"kZr fd, x, gSa] tks eq[;r% rktegy ds fuekZ.k ,oa mlds fuekZ.kdrkZ ds dky ls lacaf/kr gSaA iqjko'ks"k eq[; rkSj ij eqxy y?kq fp=dyk] ik.Mqfyfi;ka] 'kkldh; jktkKk] lqys[k ds uewus] vk;q/k] midj.k] rktegy dk foU;kl ,oa js[kkfp=] fp=dyk] iPphdkjh dk;Z ds uewus] laxejej ds LraEHk bR;kfn :iksa esa Js.khc¼ fd, x, gSaA

laxzgky; esa eq[; d{k ds vykok rhu xfy;kjs Hkh gSa] ftuesa fofHkUu çdkj ds iqjko'ks"k çnf'kZr gSa &

;wusLdks us rkt dks fd;k lEekfur

bZjku dk bfrgkl gS thoar

vkxjk fdys ds LrEHk

;gka lu~ 2010 esa isfjl esa laiUu gqbZ ,d varjkZ"Vªh; lsfeukj esa ;wusLdks us rktegy eqfær lksus dk flDdk Hkkjr ds iqjkrRo foHkkx ds egkfuns'kd dks nsdj rktegy dks lEekfur fd;k FkkA ;g lksus dk flDdk 2012 esa vkxjk dk;kZy; dks feykA vc bls laxzgky; esa çn'kZ ds :i esa j[kk x;k gSA

fQjnkSlh ds 'kkgukek ds nks fpf=r i"B gSaA 'kkgukek esa 50]000 ls 60]000 nksgs gSa] tks bZjku (if'kZ;k) ds iwoZorhZ jktkvksa ds bfrgkl dks n'kkZrs gSaA buesa vusd v/;k; ,oa mlds {ks= tSls uk;d #Lre ,oa muds iq= lqgjkc dk ;q¼ dk o.kZu gSA blesa ;tnxhnZ ds egkdkO; dky yxHkx 411 fgtjh (lu~ 1020 bZ-) ds var rd dk mYys[k gSA

Hkkjr esa fczfV'k 'kklu ds nkSjku vkxjk fdys ds [kkl egy ds nkyku dks uqdlku igqapk, tkus ls fxjs vnZ~/kewY;oku iRFkjksa ls

tM+fr laxejej ds nks vyaÏr LrEHk eq[; d{k ds e/; esa çnf'kZr fd, x, gSaA

laxzgky; esa 'kkgtgkadky dh ,d ,slh nqyZHk IysV gS ftl ij fdlh Hkh [kkus dh oLrq esa feyk tgj tkapk tk ldrk gSA tgj fefJr [kkus dks IysV esa Mkyus ij IysV dk jax cny tkrk gSA T;knk rst tgj gksus ij IysV ds VwVus dh Hkh laHkkouk jgrh gSA

vYykmíkSyk lheukuh lky 1020 fgtjh ds yxHkx (lu~ 1612 bZ-) ds pgy etfyl dh ik.Mqfyfi Hkh ;gka çnf'kZr gSA bl ik.Mqfyfi esa 'kkgh eksgj ds lkFk 'kkgtgka ds gLrk{kj fnukad 8 tqenk II 1037 fgtjh (04 Qjojh 1628 bZ-) Hkh gSaA nwljs gLrk{kj ds i"Bkadu esa ik.Mqfyfi ds çHkkj dk LFkkukUrj.k ,oa 'kkgh iqLrdky; ds çHkkjh vf/kdkjh dh eksgj gSA

,d vkSj ik.Mqfyfi 1878 bZ- dh gS] ftlesa eqerkt egy dh vkRedFkk ds lkFk rktegy ds fuekZ.k ls lacaf/kr lwpuk Hkh ladfyr gSA

tgj tkapus okyh IysV

'kkgtgka ds gLrk{kj ;q‰ ik.Mqfyfi

2525

gkFkhnkar ij 'kkgtgka vkSj eqerkt

eqxydkyhu fofHkUu Ádkj dh ryokjsa ,oa flDds

gkFkhnkar ,oa vyaÏr ydM+h ds Ýse esa vtqZeanckuks csxe mQZ eqerkt&mt&tekuh eqerkt egy* dk fp= gSA

gkFkhnkar ,oa vyaÏr ydM+h ds Ýse esa lezkV 'kkgtgka dk fp= gSA

jktxíh ij cSBs gq, 'kkgtgka dk fp=] lkFk esa mldk dfu"B iq= jktdqekj nkjkf'kdksg e;wjia[kh paoj idM+s gq,A

dqN flDds ,oa vaxzst fp=dkj Msfu;y }kjk 1795 bZ- ds rktegy ds nks fp= Hkh ;gka çnf'kZr gSaA

rktegy dk HkwfoU;kltkudkfj;ksa lfgr

'kkgh Qjeku ls bfrgkl lkfcr

vfregRoiw.kZ dykÏfr;ksa esa edcjs dk ,d Hkw&foU;kl (uD'kk) vkSj mlls tqM+s gq, nwljs Hkouksa ds Hkw&foU;kl] Åpkb;ka ,oa mlds lkFk yxs gq, nwljs fgLls gSaA Hkouksa ds uke] mudh fLFkfr] m|kuksa ds ry vkSj fofHkUu çdkj ds Qyksa ds o{k tks cxhps esa mxs gq, gSa] Hkw&foU;kl ij vafdr gSaA lj tkWu ek'kZy }kjk 1904 bZ- esa fodflr fd, x, orZeku m|ku ls igys ;g mä fp= esa n'kkZ;s x, m|ku ;kstuk ds :i esa fodflr FkkA

eq[; edcjk dk jaxhu js[kkfp= ftlesa eqerkt egy ,oa 'kkgtgka dh [kkyh dcz dks fn[kk;k x;k gS] vkd"kZ.k dk eq[; dsaæ gSA

Qjekuksa dh Nk;kçfr;ka (budh ewy çfr;ka jktLFkku ds chdkusj laxzgky; esa fo|eku gSa) ftls cgeu jktdh; o"kZ 5 (tuojh&Qjojh 1632) esa fuxZr rFkk vkesj ds jktk t;flag dks lwfpr fd;k x;k gS fd vf/kd la[;k esa edjkuk ds laxejej iRFkjksa ls ynh gqbZ xkfM+;ksa dks vkxjk Hkstsa tks lbZn bykgnkn }kjk O;ofLFkr dh xbZ gSA jktk dks ;g Hkh funsZf'kr fd;k x;k gS fd lbZn bykgnkn dks lHkh laHko lg;ksx ,oa lkFk] eqgS;k djkbZ tk,A

'kkgtgka ds Qjeku dh Nk;kçfr fnukad 'kkg jhokj jktdh; o"kZ 5 fgtjh 1042 (lu~ vxLr 1632 bZ-) jktk t;flag dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, mR[kuu ,oa lkefxz;ksa ds ifjogu esa fu;ksftr Jfedksa dh etnwjh ds Hkqxrku ds laca/k esa tkjh fd;k x;k gSA jktk dks ;g Hkh funsZf'kr fd;k x;k gS fd eqyqd 'kkg dks ;FkklaHko enn djsaA

2626

'kkgtgka ds Qjeku dh Nk;kçfr] fnukad 6 lQj 1047 (20 twu 1637) jktk t;flag dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, vkesj ,oa jktuxj ds f'kYidkjksa dks ,d lkFk ,df=r u gksus vkSj ;FkklaHko la[;k esa larjklksa dks edjkuk Hkstus rFkk vl vkns'k dks l[rh ls ikyu gsrq jktk dks fyfic¼ (uksV) djus dks dgk x;k gSA

'kkgtgka ds 'kkgh o"kZ 7 (vxLr& flrEcj 1634 bZ-) esa 'kgjhokj ls tkjh fd;k x;k Qjeku ftlesa gkth eq'kjZQ mQZ vLdqaoj ,oa muds iq=ksa ds Hkj.k&iks"k.k gsrq vdcjkckn (vkxjk) 'kgj ds jkijh ijxuk ds ÅaVh xkao esa 150 ch?kk tehu ds nku dks iathÏr djrs gq, n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

'kkgtgka ds 'kkgh o"kZ 4 (vxLr flrEcj 1631 bZ-) esa 'kgjhokj ls tkjh fd;k x;k ,d Qjeku ftlesa 'ks[k gkfre dks ekStk nwniqj] ijxuk dkSy (orZeku vyhx<+) dh 25 ch?kk iq'rSuh tehu dks nku nsus dh iqf"V dh xbZ gSA

1214 fgtjh (1799&1880 bZ-) dh eksgj;qä ,d iêk ftls 'kkg vkye II ds ,d

lefiZr lsod tujy isjkWu cgknqj eqt¶Qjtax ds }kjk fuxZr] rktxat ds edcjs ds cxhpksa ls ,d o"kZ ds Qyksa dh uhykeh dks vgen teku }kjk Lohdkjus rFkk mlds mijkar rhu gtkj nks lkS ekSgEen 'kkgh #i;s ls pqdk;s tkus dh LohÏfr iathÏr djrk gSA

rRdkyhu fyfidkjksa dk çfl¼ oklyhl] eqxyh; 'kkgh lnL; fyfidk;Z esa vR;ar #fp j[krs FksA fyfi dk;Z ds ltudrkZvksa ds fy, eqxy njckj esa ,d [kkl txg FkhA bl laxzgky; esa fetkZ ekSgEen lqyseku (iq= nkjkf'kdksg) ,oa ekSgEen 'kkg 'kwtk ('kkgtgka dk nwljk iq=)

fyfi ds uewus gSa Ánf'kZr

gekjs lq>kolaxzgky; ds ckjs esa mÙkj çns'k i;ZVu foHkkx dh rkt dh vkf/kdkfjd

osclkbV http://www.tajmahal.gov.in/ ,oa vkxjk ç'kklu dh osclkbV http://agra.nic.in/ ij tkudkjh miyC/k gksA

laxzgky; ds [kqyus dk le; lw;ksZn; ls lw;kZLr gksA

;gka ij vkWfM;ks&fotqvy xSyjh] dkWUÝsal gkWy vkfn ugha gSA cuk;s tk ldrs gSaA

laxzgky; esa csgrj dk;Z ds fy, [kkyh inksa ij rSukrh gksA

rktegy ds lHkh xsV ij i;kZIr çpkj gksA

vCnqj jlhn nkbykeh] ekSgEen gqlSu vy dkfrc ,oa ewy jkt vkfn fyfidkjksa dh fyfi ds uewus çnf'kZr fd, x, gSaA

fetkZ eksgEen lqyseku 'kqdwg (iq= nkjkf'kdksg) ds }kjk fyf[kr uLrkfyd ,oa if'kZ;u fy[kkoV ds uewusA

ekSgEen 'kkg 'kwtk ('kkgtgka dk nwljk iq=) ds }kjk fyf[kr uLrkfyd ,oa if'kZ;u fy[kkoV ds uewusA

vCnqj jlhn nkbykeh ds }kjk fyf[kr uLrkfyd ,oa if'kZ;u fy[kkoV ds uewus ,oa eksgEen vQny nkjk 'kwdwgh fgtjh laor 1062 (1652 bZ-) ds }kjk fyf[kr uLd ,oa vjch fy[kkoV ds uewusA

vodk'k 'kqØokj

ços'k nj Ýh

[kqyus lqcg 09 cts ls dk le; 'kke 09 cts ls