Implanting Alkali Metal Atoms in Nanosized Cavities of Metal Oxide Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrids

Islah-u-din SupervisorsDr Jeff L. Tallon (IRL)Dr Mark R. Waterland(Massey)Dr Shane G. Telfer(Massey)

Contents

• Introduction and applications of hybrid materials

• Research outline

• Experimental work

• Results

• Future Directions

Organic-Inorganic Materials

A hybrid material is biphasic in nature with organic and inorganic components mixed together at very small scale.

Macroscopic Phase

Micro or nanoscale building blocks

Types of Hybrid Materials

[CH3(CH2)11NH3]SnI3 (Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4(H2O)

Class-I Hybrid Materials Class-II Hybrid Materials

Applications

Nanohybrid solar cell Protective coatings

C. Sanchez, B. Julián, P. Belleville and M. Popall, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2005, 15, 3559-3592.

Superconductivity

Tc = 78 K before intercalation

Tc = 82 K after intercalation

S.-J. Kwon and J.-H. Choy, Inorg. Chem, 2003, 42, 8134-8136

Superconductivity

WO3 ( Na+)

Tc = 125 K for Na+

A. E. Aliev, Superconductor Science and Technology, 2008, 21, 115022

Research Outline

• Synthesize Crystalline W (or Mo)O3 Hybrids

• Intercalation of metal species by Ion-Implantation

• Structural Characterization Before and After Implantation

• Fabrication of Films

• Intercalation of metal species by Ion-Implantation

• Physical Property Measurement

Hydrothermal Synthesis

• Self-assembly

• Autogenous Pressure

• 120-260 oC

• Slow Cooling

Single-Crystal XRD•Rigaku-Spider X-ray diffractometer, Massey University

•Cu Kα (λ = 1.5428 Å)

•Measurements on same crystal before and after implantation

Ion-Implantation•Low energy lab-built ion-implanter, GNS Sciences•Na+, Ca2+ and K+

•25 Kev•2% and 4% of atomic sites

WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5

W

O

N

C

Na+-WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5 Ca2+-WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5 K+-WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5

Islah-u-din, M. R. Fox, H. n. Martin, G. J. Gainsford, J. Kennedy, A. Markwitz, S. G. Telfer, G. B. Jameson and J. L. Tallon, Chemical Communications, 46, 4261-4263.

WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5 Thick Films•Physical Property Measurements

•Modified layer-by-layer deposition

•Characterization before and after implantation

Structure of thick films

Raman Measurements

O – W – O W =O

4,4-bipyridyl

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Raman Measurements

Resistivity Measurements

Conclusions

• Incorporation of metal ions within small cavities of host materials

• Structural agreement between bulk and thick films

• Reduced tungsten species• Injection of charge carriers to conduction band

upon implantation

Future Directions

• Synthezie new layered hybrids with different ligands

• Seek Ion-Implantion

• Fabricate thin films

• Confirm insulator-to-metal transition

Acknowledgement Funding

The Higher Education Commission, Pakistan The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and

Nanotechnology

Collaborators Dr Shen V. Chong, Industrial Research Limited Ms Vivian Fang, GNS Sciences Prof. Geoffery B. Jamseson, Massey University

Supervisors Dr Jeff L. Tallon, Dr Mark R. Waterland, Dr Shane G. Telfer

Thanks