140p. · DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 421 894 FL 025 400. AUTHOR McConnell, Grant D., Ed.; Gendron,...

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 421 894 FL 025 400

AUTHOR McConnell, Grant D., Ed.; Gendron, Jean-Denis, Ed.TITLE Atlas international de la vitalite linguistique. Volume 4:

la Chine = International Atlas of Language Vitality. Volume4: China.

INSTITUTION Laval Univ., Quebec (Quebec). International Center forResearch on Language Planning.

REPORT NO CIRAL-G-16ISBN ISBN-2-89219-270-6PUB DATE 1998-00-00NOTE 140p.

PUB TYPE Reference Materials Geographic (133)LANGUAGE French, EnglishEDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Atlases; *Chinese; Foreign Countries; *Geographic

Distribution; Language Maintenance; *Language Minorities;Language Patterns; *Language Role; Language Usage; *MandarinChinese; Maps; *Uncommonly Taught Languages

IDENTIFIERS *China

ABSTRACTThis atlas of language vitality in China covers the majority

Han (Mandarin) language and 59 officially recognized minority languages. Thefirst section, on the Han language, gives a breakdown of its oral and writtenvitality overall and for eight domains (religion, schools, mass media,administration, courts, legislature, manufacturing industries, and sales andservices) . The subsequent three sections cover the other 59 languages.Section two uses histograms, vitality rate tables, and maps to give a.breakdown of oral and written vitality overall and for each domain. Insection three, maps of each province show language and vitality rates foreach domain. Section four contains province maps showing vitality rates forthose languages and for Han, including one or more of its dialects. An indexof language names is included. (MSE)

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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

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PublicationG-16

Cen'ave OnaentaMonaD de Pechenhe

en aménagenruenit nngag5sficoue

[Falcate des Defteves

Université Lave

international Center for Research on Language Planning

1998

ATLAS INTERNATIONAL DE LA VITALITE LINGUISTIQUEINTERNATIONAL ATLAS OF LANGUAGE VITALITY

1

PERMISSIONTO REPRODUCE

ANDDISSEMINATETHIS MATERIAL HASBEEN GRANTED BY

esTO THE EDUCATIONAL

RESOURCESINFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)

.)0 Direction:

Volume 4

La ChineChina

Grant D. McConnell et Jean-Denis Gendron

Avec la collaboration de:

*--) Annie Clark, Paul Fournier et Suzanne Lapointe

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOffice of Educational Research and Improvement

EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION

1 This documCENTER(ERIC)

ent has been reproduced asreceived from the person or organizationoriginating it.

0 Minor changes have been made toimprove reproduction quality.

Points of view or opinions stated in thisdocument do not necessarily representofficial OERI position or policy.

G3 CENYHE2 ONTERRYTOOML

0.1 MaNaUEGWEINTE LONGUOSITOQUE

ATLAS INTERNATIONAL DE LA VITALITE LINGUISTIQUE

INTERNATIONAL ATLAS OF LANGUAGE VITALITY

Volume 4La Chine / China

Sous la direction de / Edited by

GRANT D. McCONNELL et JEAN-DENIS GENDRON

avec la collaboration de / in collaboration with

Annie Clark, Paul Fournier & Suzanne Lapointe

presente par / presented by

TAN KERANG

Publication G-16

1998

Centre international de recherche en amenagement linguistiqueInternational Center for Research on language Planning

Université Laval, Sainte-Foy

3

Données de catalogage avant publication (Canada)

Vedette principale au titre :

Atlas international de la vitalité linguistique = International atlas of language vitality

(Publication G ; 13-15)Texte en francais et en anglais.Comprend des ref. bibliogr. et un index.Sommaire : V. I. Les langues constitutionnelles de l'Inde - v. 2. L'Europe occidentale - v. 3. L'Afrique occidentale v. 4. La Chine.

ISBN 2-89219-270-6 (v. 4)

1. Geographie linguistique Atlas. 2. Geographie linguistique - Statistiques. 3. Langage et langues - Statistiques. I. Gendron, Jean-Denis, 1925- . II. McConnell, Grant D. ifi. Centre international de recherche en aménagement linguistique. IV. Collection : Publication G(Centre international de recherche en amenagement linguistique) ; 13-15.

P375.P83 1993 402 '.23 C93-096853-OF

Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data

Main entry under title :

Atlas international de la vitalité linguistique = International atlas of language vitality

(Publication G ; 13-15)Text in English and French.Includes bibliographical references and index.Contents : v. 1. Constitutional languages of India v. 2. Western Europe - v. 3. West Africa - v. 4. China.

ISBN 2-89219-270-6 (v. 4)

1. Linguistic geography Maps. 2. Linguistic geography - Statistics. 3. Language and languages - Statistics. I. Gendron, Jean-Denis,1925- . II. McConnell, Grant D. HI. International Center for Research of Language Planning.

P375.P83 1993 402 '.23 C93-096853-0E

11 convient de souligner l' importance de l'aide fournie par le Conseil derecherches en sciences hurnaines du Canada (CRSH) (#410-96-1192), quia rendu la publication de ce volume possible.

This publication is the result of a research grant (#410-96-1192), whichwas made possible by the generous support of the Social Science andHumanities Research Council of Canada (SHRC).

© CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN AMENAGEMENT LINGUISTIQUETous droits reserves. Imprime au Canada.Dépôt legal (Québec) 2" trimestre 1998ISBN: 2-89219-270-6

TABLE DES MATIERES / TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE/PREFACE iii

INTRODUCTION v

PARTIE / PART 1

VITALITE DE LA LANGUE HAN / VITALITY OF THE HAN LANGUAGE

Carte de la Chine/Map of China 3

Tableau de la population/Population Table 5

Vita lite de la langue han/Vitality of the Han language 7

PARTIE / PART 2

VITALITE PAR DOMAINE / VITALITY BY DOMAIN

Global 15

Religion 21

Ecoles/Schools 27

Mass media 33

Administration 39

Tribunaux/Courts 45

Legislature 51

Industries manufacturieres/Manufacturing Industries 57

Entreprises de ventes et de services/Sales and Services 63

PARTIE / PART 3

VITALITE PAR PROVINCE I (domaines) / VITALITY BY PROVINCE I (domains)

Gansu 71

Guangdong 75

Guangxi 79

Guizhou 83

Hainan 87

Heilongjiang 91

Hunan 95

Jilin 99

Mongolie-Intérieure 103

Qinghai 107

Sichuan 111

Taiwan 115

Xinjiang 119

5i

Xizang (Tibet) 125

Yunnan 129

PARTIE / PART 4

VITALITE PAR PROVINCE II (langues) / VITALITY BY PROVINCE II (languages)

Gansu 139

Guangdong 143

Guangxi 147

Guizhou 151

Hainan 155

Heilongjiang 159

Hunan 163

Jilin 167

Mongolie-Intérieure 171

Qinghai 175

Sichuan 179

Taiwan 183

Xinjiang 187

Xizang (Tibet) 191

Yunnan 195

INDEX 203

6

ii

PREFACE

Les éditeurs de cette collection sont heureux depresenter le volume 4, intitulé Atlas international de lavitalité linguistique: Chine, qui traite de la languemajoritaire du pays, le han, et de quelque 59 languesminoritaires.

Les sections de ce volume se présentent dans un ordrepresque similaire a celui que l'on retrouve dans lesvolumes precedents. La Partie 1 est consacree a lalangue han (mandarin). On y analyse la vitalité orale etécrite du han pour chacun des huit domaines traités et lavitalité totale (globale), soit celle relative a tous lesdomaines dans leur ensemble.

Les Parties 2, 3 et 4 portent sur les 59 languesminoritaires, officiellement reconnues en Chine. LaPartie 2, utilisant des histogrammes, des tableaux decotes de vitalité et des cartes, analyse la vitalité orale etécrite de chaque langue minoritaire pour chacun deshuit domaines, ainsi que la vitalité globale, soit celleenglobant tous les domaines. Les langues sont aussiregroupees selon les provinces ou elles sont localisees.Lorsqu'une langue est situ& dans plusieurs provinces,nous la classons dans la province oU elle est la plusutilisee. La Partie 3 est spécialement consacrée auxprovinces. On y établit une carte pour chacune d'elles,montrant une liste des langues, ainsi que les taux devitalité pour chaque domaine s'y rattachant. La Partie 4,elle aussi, composee de cartes des provinces, fait voir,cette fois, non seulement les langues minoritaires, maisaussi le han avec, si possible, un ou plusieurs de sesdialectes. Les taux de vitalité pour chacun des domainesapparaissent sous chacune des langues. Enfin, pourfaciliter la consultation, apparait a la fin du volume, unindex des noms des langues.

Le concept de vitalité linguistique, comme outil precis etefficace pour comparer l'utilité fonctionnelle d'une ou deplusieurs langues dans la société, s'est développe avec lebesoin de quantifier, plutôt que de simplement qualifier, lerole des langues dans les etudes de macro- et de micro-sociolinguistique. Ainsi, lorsque l'on compare deuxlangues en contact, on peut assez facilement étiqueterl'une comme oforte», pour ce qui est de l'usageinstitutionnel, alors que la seconde peut l'etre commeofaible». Ces deux termes qualitatifs, utiles pourcomparer deux langues, le sont beaucoup moins lorsquela comparaison implique plusieurs langues, car cestermes (fort et faible) portent alors a confusion. Cebesoin plus poussé de precision s'est fait sentir pourtoutes les enquetes sur Les Langues écrites du monde, quece soit en Chine ou ailleurs, oü Von se trouvait enpresence de plusieurs dizaines de langues décritescomme ayant des fonctions sociales multiples.L'utilisation faite ici de la vitalité linguistique n'estcependant qu'une fawn parmi d'autres de décrire le

III

PREFACE

The editors of this collection are pleased to presentvolume 4, International Atlas of Language Vitality: China,which covers the majority (Han) language and some 59minority languages of China.

The volume sections are presented in a form quitesimilar to that found in the earlier volumes. Part 1 is onthe Han (Mandarin) language. This gives a breakdownof the oral and written vitality of Han for each of the 8domains, including the total (global) vitality for alldomains.

Parts 2, 3 and 4 cover 59 officially recognised minoritylanguages of China. Part 2, using histograms, vitalityrate tables and maps, gives a breakdown of the oral andwritten vitality of each of the minority languages foreach of the 8 domains, including a total (global) vitalityfor all domains. Languages are also grouped accordingto the province where located, or when found in severalprovinces, the language is placed in the main province oflocation. In Part 3 the focus is on the provinces with amap of each province showing the list of languages andvitality rates for each domain. Part 4 again shows a mapof each province, but this time gives not only theminority languages but also Han and where applicable,any one or more of its dialects. Vitality rates for each ofthe domains are regrouped under each language.Finally, an Index of language names appears for handyreference at the end of the volume.

The concept of language vitality as a precise and usefultool for comparing the functional utility of a language orlanguages in society, grew out of a need to quantify whatmacro and micro-sociolinguistic studies had beenmerely qualifying for a long time. For example, whencomparing two languages in contact, one wasconsidered strong in terms of institutional usage,whereas the other was considered weak. Thesequalifying terms were useful when comparing twolanguages but soon became confusing when severallanguages were compared. This same need for claritywas felt in the Written Languages of the World survey inChina and elsewhere, where many dozens of languageswere described in terms of detailed functions. The

present volume is but one expression of thedevelopment of the vitality concept.

7i1

concept de la vitalité.

Nous voulons profiter ici de l'occasion pour remercierles membres de notre équipe de recherche, au Centreinternational de recherche en aménagement linguistique,responsables de l'aspect technique de ce volume, soit:Annie Clark, Paul Fournier et Suzanne Lapointe.

Nous adressons, bien Or, des remerciements chaleureuxa notre collegue chinois, Tan Kerang, de l'Institute ofNationality Studies, Beijing, qui non seulement aprepare l'Introduction de ce volume, mais a aussi agicomme codirecteur dans la précedente enquete effectueeen Chine pour le projet Les Langues écrites du monde(Chine). Enfin, je tiens a remercier Jean-Denis Gendron,co-directeur de cette collection pour son appui constant.

Grant D. McConnellProgramme internationalCIRAL, Université LavalQuébec

iv

We wish to take this opportunity of thanking ourresearch team members at the International Center forResearch on Language Planning, who were responsiblefor preparing the technical aspects of this volume,namely: Annie Clark, Paul Fournier and SuzanneLapointe.

Of course, a very special thanks goes to my Chinesecolleague, Tan Kerang, of the Institute of NationalityStudies, Beijing, who not only prepared the Introductionto this volume, but was also co-director of the earliersurvey in China for the Written Languages of the Worldproject. Finally, I wish to thank Jean-Denis Gendron, co-editor of this collection, for his continuing assistance inthis and the earlier volumes.

Grant D. McConnellInternational ProgramCIRAL, Laval UniversityQuebec City

8

INTRODUCTION

Je suis heureux d'avoir été invite par Grant D.McConnell, directeur du Programme de rechercheinternationale, au Centre international de recherche enaménagement linguistique de l'Université Laval, A

rédiger l'Introduction du volume 4 de la collection Atlasinternational de la vitalité linguistique: Chine, et d'apporterainsi ma contribution A cet ouvrage.

Mon collegue McConnell est un sociolinguiste bienconnu dans les milieux linguistiques internationaux, cecien raison, pour une large part, des contacts scientifiquesqu'il a établis dans un certain nombre de pays, lors de laréalisation du grand projet de recherche portant sur LesLangues écrites du monde, dont il assume la direction.Faisant partie de cette recherche, les deux tomes portantsur les langues écrites de la Chine, qui constituent levolume 4 de la série, ont été compiles et publiés en 1995,avec la cooperation de l'Institute of Nationality Studies(INS), Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS),Beijing. J'ai eu le plaisir, comme directeur de l'equipe derecherche chinoise, de codiriger le projet et d'aider ainsiA le conduire A bonne fin.

L'Atlas présenté ici n'est pas uniquement fondé sur larepartition géographique des langues traitées dans LesLangues écrites du monde: Chine (comprenant quelque 62langues), mais aussi sur le calcul et la quantification dedonnées fonctionnelles nouvelles. Celles-ci ont été par lasuite converties en taux de vitalité, lesquels sont le refletde la presence ou de l'usage d'une langue dans sonmilieu social, fondés eux-mernes sur grand nombre defonctions écrites et orales, dans huit domaines d'activitésociale. Ces fonctions sont énumérées dans unquestionnaire de base, utilisé a travers le monde, maisqui est adapté a chaque pays pour les fins de cetterecherche.

&ant donné que la repartition des langues desnationalités de la Chine ne coincide pas avec les limitesadministratives du pays, les commentaires qui suiventsont de nature A fournir au lecteur une explication decette repartition.

1) Repartition a l'échelle du pays:le mandarin est present dans tout le pays. Danscertaines provinces, il est la seule langue en usage, alorsque dans d'autres, il cohabite avec une ou un certainnombre de langues minoritaires. Le mandarin est aussila langue officielle de la Chine;

2) Repartition transnationale (entre les pays):cette repartition inclut des langues telles que le mongol,le coréen, le kazakh, le kirghiz, l'ouzbek, le jingpo et legin (vietnamien);

INTRODUCTION

I am pleased to have the opportunity of writing thisIntroduction at the invitation of Dr. Grant D. McConnell,International Research Program Director of theInternational Center for Research on Language Planningat Laval University and at the same time, contribute tovolume 4 of the collection International Atlas of LanguageVitality: China.

My colleague McConnell is a well known sociolinguistin international circles, in large part, due to his researchcontacts in a number of countries regarding his projecton the Written Languages of the World. As part of thisproject, the two books on China, which make up volume4, were compiled and published in 1995 with thecooperation of the Institute of Nationality Studies (INS)of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS),Beijing. As director of the Chinese research team, I washappy to codirect the project and help bring it to asuccessful conclusion.

The present Atlas is based not only on a geographicaldistribution of the languages included in the WrittenLanguages of the World: China (some 62 languages areincluded in the survey) but also on a quantification anda calculation of the newly available functional data.These data are in turn converted into vitality rates,which are a reflection of the presence or use of alanguage in its social milieu, based on a large number ofwritten and oral functions in eight social domains.These functions are contained in a questionnaire, whichhas been used throughout the world, but which, at thesame time, has also been adapted to each country.

Because the distribution of the national languages ofChina do not reflect administrative boundaries, thefollowing comments may be in order to help explaintheir distribution.

1) Countrywide distribution:Mandarin is distributed all over the country. In someprovinces it is the only language used, whereas in otherprovinces, it is used along with one or any number ofminority languages. Mandarin is also China's officiallanguage.

2) Trans-border (inter-country) distribution:This includes languages such as: Mongolian, Korean,Kazak, Kirgiz, Uzbek, Jingpo and Gin (Vietnamese).

9

3) Repartition transprovinciale:ii s'agit ici des langues réparties dans plusieursprovinces (ou regions) de la Chine. Dans ce cas, lesdonnees ont été obtenues, lors de la collecte, en traitantchaque langue comme un tout; ainsi, a-t-on pu, parextrapolation, établir les taux de vitalité pour chacuned'elles, en les représentant géographiquement IA oü ellesapparaissaient comme prédominantes. Par exemple,pour le tibétain, les taux de vitalité sont présentés,domaine par domaine, dans la Partie 2 de l'ouvrage,sous Xizang (Tibet), parce que le tibétain estpredominant dans la province du Tibet. Cependant, letibétain figure aussi sur la carte produite a la Partie 4,c'est-A-dire dans d'autres provinces oil il est en usage,comme dans le Sichuan et le Guizhou. C'est aussi le casdu miao, predominant dans le Guizhou, mais pule aussidans les provinces du Yunnan, du Hunan et duGuangxi;

4) Repartition intrafrontieres:certaines langues comme le li, le maonan, le lakkia et leyougour de l'Est sont réparties dans des prefectures etdes comtés autonomes a l'intérieur d'une province. El lessont parlées dans des sous-régions oU les groupesminoritaires vivent ensemble en communautés.

En 1989, était lancee conjointement avec le CIRAL,l'enquete mentionnee plus haut, sur les langues écritesde la Chine, enquete conduite par une équipenombreuse, constituee de douzaines de linguistes,lesquels ont procédé a une investigation de chaqueprovince, de chaque ville d'une certaine importance, dechaque region autonome, ainsi que des prefectures etdes comtés dans tout le pays. L'étude a porte surl'utilisation des 62 langues et des 31 systemes d'ecrituredes 56 nationalités officielles du pays, et ce, dans tous lesaspects de la vie sociale. La publication qui en a résulté,Les Langues écrites du monde: Chine, constitue une etudesociolinguistique volumineuse réalisée A partir d'unquestionnaire de base qui reflete l'utilisation et donc,l'importance des langues et des systemes d'écritureusités en Chine au debut des années 1990.

C'est en traitant, subséquemment ces données parordinateur que McConnell est arrive A compiler lescartes, les histogrammes et les taux de vitalité deslangues qui constituent le volume 4, portant sur laChine, dans la collection Atlas international de la vitalitélinguistique. Se trouvent analyses le mandarin, ainsi quetoutes les langues minoritaires officiellement reconnues,quant a leur vitalité sur les plans oral et écrit, dans leshuit domaines d'activité retenus. On y évalue aussi lestaux de vitalité pour chaque langue, par province, leslangues réparties dans plusieurs provinces &antreprésentees là oü elles sont prédominantes. Une languepleinement fonctionnelle dans tous les domaines, a lafois dans les modes oral et écrit, atteint un taux devitalité de 320. A partir de ces analyses, on peut obtenir

vi

3) Trans-provincial distribution:These languages are distributed in several provinces(regions) of China. The data collection for the surveywas done by treating each language as a whole, sovitality rates were extrapolated for each language in thisvolume by geographically representing the languagewhere it is most predominant. For example, the vitalityrates for Tibetan are presented in Part 2, domain bydomain, under Xizang (Tibet), because Tibetan ispredominant in Xizang (Tibet Autonomous Region).However, Tibetan is also shown on the maps of Part 4,i.e. in other provinces where it is spoken, such asSichuan and Guizhou; the same goes for Miao, which ispredominant in Guizhou, but is also spoken in Yunnan,Hunan, Guangxi and Sichuan provinces.

4) Intra-border distribution:Some languages such as: Li, Maonan, Lakkia andEastern Yugur are distributed in AutonomousPrefectures and Autonomous Counties within aprovince. They are used in sub-regions where minoritynationalities live together in communities.

In 1989 the above mentioned survey on The WrittenLanguages of China was jointly launched by the CIRALand the INS with a large team, including dozens oflinguists, investigating every province, major city,autonomous region, prefecture and county in thecountry. The survey investigated the use of 62languages and 31 writing systems of China's 56 officialnationalities in all aspects of social life. The resultingpublication, The Written Languages of the World: China, isa voluminous sociolinguistic work based on aquestionnaire, which reflects the use and henceimportance of language and writing systems in China atthe beginning of the 1990's.

Now, by treating this data in a computer program,McConnell has compiled maps, histograms and vitalityrates for volume 4, China in the present collection:International Atlas of Language Vitality. Mandarin and allthe officially recognized minority languages have beenanalysed in terms of their vitality, according to 8domains and within each domain, by oral and writtenusage. Total vitality rates are also calculated for eachlanguage by province, with multiprovince languagesbeing represented in the province where the language ismost predominant. A language fully functional in alldomains and in both written and oral modes gives atotal vitality score of 320. From this analysis we can geta good overview of the vitality of the languages ofChina, which can be divided into four general types:

1 0

un bon apercu de la vitalité des langues de la Chine, queFon peut diviser en quatre types généraux:

1) le mandarin, avec un taux de vitalité total de 307,83,obtient évidemment la plus haute cote. II est utilise danstoutes les activités de communication de la vie sociale;

2) viennent en second les langues minoritaires atteignantun haut taux de vitalité, soit entre 140 et 200. El les sontprincipalement utilisees dans les provinces ou dans lesregions oU les minorités sont disséminées sur unegrande étendue ou encore font partie de communautéstres viables. Ce sont le ouigour, le tibétain, le mongol, lekazakh et le coreen, qui possedent des systemesd'écriture traditionnels tres anciens;

3) en troisieme lieu se touvent les langues minoritairespossedant un taux de vitalité moyen. El les sontgénéralement confinées aux prefectures et aux comtésautonomes a Fintérieur d'une province ou d'une region.La plupart d'entre elles présentent des systemesd'écriture nouvellement créés ou modifies et leur taux devitalité se situe entre 36 et 100. Cette catégorie delangues comprend les suivantes: yi, dai, kirghiz, jingpo,xibe, lisu, zaiwa, lahu, va, miao, zhuang, naxi, bai etbuyei;

4) en dernier lieu viennent les langues minoritaires avecun taux de vitalité d'ordre inférieur. On les trouvesurtout dans les comtés autonomes et les villages. La

plupart d'entre elles, ne possedent pas de systemesd'écriture et leur taux de vitalité est inférieur a 30.

En Chine, le classement usuel des langues minoritairesse fait officiellement comme suit: i) les langues avecécriture traditionnelle largement utilisée; ii) les languesavec ecriture nouvellement creee ou modifiee; iii) leslangues sans systeme d'écriture. Cette classification, onle voit, coincide en grande partie avec celle qu'on trouvedans le present volume, et qui est fond& surl'importance relative de la vitalité. De plus, elle fait voirque le mode ecrit est une partie essentielle de l'indice devitalité des langues nationales de la Chine.

La Chine est un pays qui comprend de multiplesnationalités et dans lequel se remarquent inévitablementdes variations dans la vitalité linguistique, ceci en raisondes variables historiques, culturelles et économiques enpresence. La langue officielle, aujourd'hui, c'est lemandarin, avec l'écriture qui est la sienne. Et dans lesregions oil les minorités et leurs langues prédominent, lebilinguisme en couple avec le mandarin gagne duterrain, consequence d'une tendance historiquenaturelle. Par ailleurs, on remarque, pour les languesminoritaires écrites, une vitalité orale et écriterelativement forte, specialement au sein decommunautés autonomes ou A forte densité. Quant aux

vii

1) Mandarin obviously has the strongest vitality rate. Itis used in every aspect of social life. Its total vitalityamounts to 307.83.

2) Minority languages with a strong vitality rating ofbetween 140 and 200. They are mainly used in provinces(regions) and autonomous prefectures, where minoritynationalities are widespread or live in highly viablecommunities. These languages are: Uygur, Tibetan,Mongolian, Kazak and Korean. They have age oldtraditional writing systems.

3) Minority languages with a medium range vitalityrating. These are mainly restricted to AutonomousPrefectures and Counties within a province (region).Most of them have newly created or modified writingsystems and have a vitality range of 36 to 100.Languages in this category are: Yi, Dai, Kirgiz, Jingpo,Xibe, Lisu, Zaiwa, Lahu, Va, Miao, Zhuang, Naxi, Baiand Buyei.

4) Minority languages with a low range vitality rate.These are mainly found in Autonomous Counties andvillages. Most have no writing systems and have vitalityrates of less than 30.

For official purposes in China, minority languages areusually classified as follows: 0 languages with widelyused traditional writings, ii) languages with newlycreated or modified writings, iii) languages with nowriting systems. Such a classification largely coincideswith that demonstrated in this volume, which is basedon relative vitality strength. It also demonstrates thatthe written mode is an essential part of the vitality indexfor the national languages of China.

China is a multinational country in which there areinevitable variations in language vitality due tohistorical, cultural and economic variables at play. TheMandarin language and its characters are now official.In regions where minority nationalities and theirlanguages are predominant bilingualism with Mandarinis on the increase and this is the result of a naturalhistorical tendency. On the other hand, minoritylanguages that are written have relatively strong oraland written vitality, especially when identified withcompact or autonomous communities. Low vitalitylanguages often have no written mode, whichautomatically limits their total vitality rating. On the

langues a faible vitalité, elles ne possedent souventaucun mode écrit, ce qui limite automatiquement leurtaux de vitalité total. On le voit, le mandarin et sonécriture, d'une part, et les langues minoritaires, avec leurorthogaphe (écriture), d'autre part, sontcomplémentaires dans la vie sociale de la Chine.

Les traits marquants du present Atlas sont les suivants:

i) par le traitement des donnees et la representationgraphique de l'usage fonctionnel des langues, en vue dedeterminer leur taux de vitalité, on accroll la capacité decomparer et de classer les langues. Les cartes nousfournissent un aperçu de la presence des langues dansune region, presence par la suite clairement illustrée parles données et les histogrammes. On se trouve ainsi afaire appel A une méthode scientifique plus directe etplus systematique pour faire voir A tous la vitalité deslangues de la Chine;

ii) L'ordonnancement des donnees est de lecture et deconsultation faciles. Les différentes sections du volumetraitent, soit du mandarin (Partie 1), soit des languesminoritaires (Parties 2, 3, 4). Quant a la vitalité deslangues minoritaires, elle figure a la Partie 2, pourchaque domaine étudié. Dans la Partie 3, par ailleurs oncentre l'attention sur chacune des provinces (comportantune liste des taux de vitalité pour chacun des huitdomaines), alors qu'a la Partie 4, on trouve pour chaqueprovince, une liste des taux de vitalité concernantchacune des langues étudiées;

iii) L'étude fournit un taux de vitalité d'ensemble (tauxglobal) qui est a jour pour chacune des langues, ce quipermettra par la suite d'établir des comparaisons utiles.

L'étude portant sur Les Langues écrites du monde: Chinetraitait du role social respectif des différentes languesminoritaires en Chine. Les deux tomes formant cetouvrage (le volume 4) ont été publiés en 1995. On ytrouve une description qualitative et quantitative del'usage des langues, ainsi qu'une classification de celles-ci par type de langue et par region.

Dans le present ouvrage, qui forme le volume 4 del'Atlas international de la vitalité des langues: Chine, on setrouve en presence d'une suite, qui constitue une analyseessentiellement quantitative de l'étude antérieure.Chacune d'elles, cependant, présente, par une approcheet une formulation différentes, une vue panoramique etune synthese generale de l'usage qu'on fait des languesen Chine, pour communiquer dans les principalesactivités sociales.

Il est bien connu que la modification du corpus d'unelangue est un processus lent et graduel. Etant donne lestypes d'évolution sociale, culturelle et economique quifaconnent nos sociétés, y compris l'augmentation de larapidité et de la fréquence des communications entre les

viii

one hand, Mandarin and its characters and on the otherhand, minority languages and their characters arecomplementary in the social life of China.

The main features of this Atlas are as follows:

i) Data treatment and graphic representations offunctional usage resulting in vitality rates, increase thecapacity to compare and rank languages. Maps helpgive us a sense of the regional presence of languages andthis is further defined by the presence of supportive dataand histograms. All this provides a more direct andsystematic scientific method for demonstrating thevitality of China's languages to the world.

ii) The outlay of the data is easy to read and consult.Sections of the volume cover Mandarin (Part 1) or theminority languages (Parts 2, 3, 4). Minority languagevitality is given for each domain in Part 2. In Part 3 thefocus is on each province (with a list of vitality rates bydomain) and in Part 4 on each province (with a list ofvitality rates by language).

iii) An overall (global) vitality rating is given for eachlanguage for this point in time and this can be a basis forfurther comparative ratings in the future.

The survey on The Written Languages of the World: Chinacovered the social usage of China's minority languages.The two books composing volume 4 were published in1995. The survey presents a qualitative and quantitativedescription of language usage and languages areclassified by language types and by region.

The present volume 4 of the International Atlas ofLanguage Vitality: China is in a sense a continuation anda quantitative analysis of the earlier survey. Eachshows, through a different approach and formulation, anoverall portrait and synthesis of the social use oflanguages in China.

It is well known that corpus change in language is a slowand gradual process. With the ongoing social, culturaland economic changes that mould our societies,including more frequent and rapid communicationsamong language groups, it is certain that status change,

1 2

groupes linguistiques, il est certain que le changementdans le statut d'une langue, étroitement lie a l'usage decette langue et, de ce fait, a sa vitalité, s'effectue plusrapidement. La politique d'ouverture adopt& par laChine n'a pas uniquement eu pour résultat d'accroItre lacommunication entre la Chine et le monde extérieur,mais a aussi contribué a promouvoir le développementculturel et économique des minorités en Chine. Ceci, enretour, devrait avoir un effet sur les languesminoritaires. Un tel changement dans le développementde celles-ci est propre en consequence a accélérer leschangements de la vitalité pour toutes les langues, dansdifférents domaines. I.:organisation d'une etudesociolinguistique du même type que celle-ci, au cours du21e siecle, permettra de mesurer, de nouveau, la vitalitéde chacune de ces langues et d'avoir ainsi une vue plusnette des changements de vitalité qui sont survenus surune periode de temps donnée. Une telle facon de faireserait de nature, a la fois sur le plan théorique et sur leplan pratique, A nous éclairer grandement dans l'étudecontinue du changement et du contact des langues quenous poursuivons tous.

Tan KerangInstitute of Nationality StudiesChinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing

ix

in terms of language usage and hence language vitality,is evolving more rapidly. China's open door policy hasnot only resulted in increased communication betweenChina and the outside world but has also promoted thecultural and economic development of Chinese minoritynationalities. This in turn should have an effect on theminority languages. Such change for developmentshould in turn accelerate vitality changes in alllanguages on a number of fronts. With the organisationof a similar type sociolinguistic survey sometime intothe 21st century, we will again be able to measure thevitality of each language and record in a more definitiveway, where and how much vitality has changed over aspace of time. This will help us both on a theoretical andpractical plane in our continuing study of languagecontact and language change.

Tan KerangInstitute of Nationality StudiesChinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing

1 3

PARTIE1

VITALITE DE LA LANGUEHAN (mandarin chinois)

VITALITY OF THEHAN (Mandarin) LANGUAGE

14

VITALITE DE LA LANGUE HAN (mandarin chinois)

REPARTITION DE LA LANGUE HAN ET DES LANGUES MINORITAIRES PAR REGION

DISTRIBUTION OF HAN AND MINORITY LANGUAGES BY REGION

cHainan

Provinces ayant une forte representation de langues minoritaires / Provinces strongly represented byminority languages

Provinces ou la langue Han predomine historiquement / Provinces where the Han language istraditionally dominant

Provinces ayant des prefectures autonomes et des comtés avec une forte representation de languesminoritaires / Provinces with a strong representation of minority languages in AutonomousPrefecture and Counties

3


TABLEAU DE LA POPULATION / POPULATION TABLE

POPULATION TOTALE

Regions / Regions 1982

Beijing Citri 9 230 687;.,:;

Tianjin City,: 764 141

Hebci :1:"53 005 875.

Shanxi 25 291 389

Mongolie-Interieure (AR) 19 274 389

aoning 3.5721'69.3"'":

Jilin 22 560 053

Heilongjiang 32 665 546

ShingfruCity 1:1118597487-

Jiangstim

Zhejlang

Anhui

Fujian

Jiangxi

Shandong

Henan

Hubel

*160 521 114

:.:::::::.:-::::::::38 884 603

49 665 724

873 259

:;.:.33 184 827.VE

74 419 054

74 422 739

i.47 804 150

Hunan 54 (X.)8 851

Guangdong et Hainan* 59 299 220

Guangxi (AR)

Sichuan

Guizhou

Yunnan

Tibetan (AR)

i:Shaanxi

Gansu

Qinghai

Xinjiang (AR)

36 420 960

99 713 310

28 552 997

32 553 817

1 892 393

18 904 423

19 569 261

3 895 706

895 578

13 081 681

TOTAL 1 003 937 188 1

Taiwan

POPULATION HAN % HAN

1990 1982 1990 1982 1990

10 819 407 908 480 10 405 591 96,50 96,17.-

8 785 402 7 600 504 8 584 659 97,89 97,71

61 082 439 52 154 466 681 454. 98,39

:28 759 014 25 227 798 28 677 99,74 99,71

21 456 798 16 277 899 17298 722 84,45 80,62

139:459:097::::ME:::1:1:i:1;MR3213125.17: 33 91,135.

24 658 721 20 732 394 22 141 097 91,89 89,79

35 214 873 31 056 708 33 224 103 95,07 94,35

"13341,896.---- 11 810 162 13280308 :

056 519 60 410 785 903 729 99,81 99,77

445 930 38 723 586 234 468 99:59:::::: 99,49

180 813 49 404 156 55 858 358 9947 99,43

048 224 23 624 151 584 393 99,03 98,46

710 281 33 162 708 MiN37 609 99,93 44,56

392 827::: 74 011 440 889 99,45 99,40

509 535 73 625 873 84 501 741 98,92 98,82

210 46 025:378 51 833 144 96,2!:!: 96,04

60 659 754 51 815 422 55 846 406 95,93 92,06

62 829 236 58 239 089 62 478 757 98,21 99,44

557 482 442 386

42 245 765 22 484 706 25 736 855 61,73 60,92

107218 173 96 052 033 102 330 134 96,32 95,44

32 391 066 21 127 460 21 154 520 73,99 65,31

36 972 610 22 234 819 24 629 056 68,30 66,61

2 196 010 91 720 81 217 4,84 3,70

32 882 403 28 771 418 32 726 773 99,53 99,52

22 371 141 18 020 286 20 514 989 92,08 91,70

4 456 946 2 359 979 2 580 419 60,57 57,89

655 651 354 107 370M:-::, 66,74

15 155 773 5 286 533 5 695 626 40,41 37,58

123 925 914 936 703 824 1 033 885 532 93,30 89,87

Total (1990) Total (1993)

20 454 000 21 507 000

Han (1990) Han (1993) Han (1990) Han (1993)

20 104 000 21 034 000 98,20 97,80

Regions ou la langue han (mandarin chinois) est historiquement tres forte /Regions where the Han (Mandarin) language is historically very strong

5 1 6


RELIGION4:Imam9mmmgmc23"

ECOLES

MASS MEDIA

MONSEEMEMEMENO

ADMINISTRATION

1311MIENVAMENCONSO

GLOBAL

GLMAL

0 4 0 60 120 160 203 240 2E0 020

c..0DOMAINE

0 5 1 0 15 20 25 30 35 40

7411

TRIBUNAUX

LEGISLATURE

sammenml

INDUSTRIESMANUFACIURIERES

4:50$4:2111A1565606660:446:4A15$55:121:61Mr

ENTREPRISESDE VENTES ET DE SERVICES

gusszenosomosemanammotattcsomatmor


GLOBAL

O 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

Légencle

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Han 160 155.83 315.83

RELIGION

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ECOLES

O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MASS MEDIA

O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ADMINISTRATION"'":77Z777.7:7

O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TRIBUNAUX

O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LEGISLATURE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

INDUSTRIEMANUFACTURIERE

O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ENTREPRISESDE VENTE ET SERVICE!","

O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Han 20.00 20.00 40.00


Han 20.00 20.00 40.00


Han 20.00 15.83 35.83


Han 20.00 20.00 40.00


Han 20.00 20.00 40.00


Han 20.00 20.00 40.00


Han 20.00 20.00 40.00


Han 20.00 20.00 40.00

9 1 3


ReligionExoles

Mass MediaAdministration

TribunauxLegislature

Ind.rnanufacturieresVentes et services

iSigsiMAMMOMMWM0g11

011=MMMEramigaincommuminest00plagemsnuf.

0

[ -N

DOMAINE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Religion

Eco les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature

Ind. manufacturieres

Ventes et services

Domaine

Légende=MEC7.7-777-7.

ECRITORAL

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total

I

1111,10119111.1M.1.1,1MISIIISI

ReligionEcolesMass MediaAdministrationTribunauxLegislatureInd.manufacturièreVente et service

20.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.00

20.0020.0015.83

20.0020.0020.0020.0020.00

40.0040.0035.8340.0040.0040.0040.0040.00

101111.1110MINIMMINI*140

1.111.11"."11111,111A,

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

11

PARTIE / PART2

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEVITALITY BY DOMAIN

20

VITALITE PAR DOMAINE

GLOBAL

DongxiangBao'an

Eastern YugurWestern Yugur

Korean

DaurEwenki

MongolianOrogen

Lho

AchangBai

BlangDal

De'angDerung

HamJingpo

pnoLahuLisuNaxi

NusuPurni

VaYi

Zaiwa

BuyeiDonsGelaoMiao

Sui

1521

BunuGin

La kkiaMaonan

MianMu lamZhuang

Arnis

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEGLOBAL

Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

GANSU Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Badan Bao'an 13.43 0.00 13.43

Dongxiang Dongxiang 17.47 0.00 17.47

Eastern Yugur Eastern Yugur 22.28 0.00 22.28Western Yugur Western Yugur 21.62 0.00 21.62

She

Bunu

Gin

Lakkia

Maonan

Mian

Mulam

Zhuang

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280

GUANGDONG

1. I I I I I I 1

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280

GUANGXI

320


She 5.53 0.00 5.53

320


Bunu 13.29 0.00 13.29

Gin 12.14 0.00 12.14

Lakkia 5.71 0.00 5.71

Maonan 17.60 0.00 17.60

Mian 4.90 0.00 4.90

Mulam 20.87 0.00 20.87

Zhuang 38.95 16.90 55.85

0

Buyei

Dong

Gelao

Miao

Sui

0

40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

GUIZHOU Langue Oral Ecrit Total

11

BuyeiDongGelaoMiaoSui

36.0925.0711.43

40.1630.76

2.502.000.00

22.670.00

38.5927.0711.43

62.83

30.76

40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

Li

HAINAN

gri II II III0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

Hezhen

Manchu

HEILONGJIANG

m

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

17

2 2


Li 18.66 0.00 18.66


HezhenManchu

13.76 0.00 13.76

10.29 10.25 20.54

VITALITY BY DOMAINGLOBAL

Tujia

Korean

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

HUNAN

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

JILIN

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

Légende

Langue

ORAL

TOTAL

eon IT

Oral Ecrit TotalTuj ia 11.86 0.00 11.86

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalKorean 78.57 68.05 146.62

Langue Oral Lift TotalDaur

EwenkiMongolianOrogen

33.37

25.23

95.21

16.96

0.00

0.00

83.700.00

33.37

25.23

178.91

16.96

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

QINGHAI Langue Oral Ecrit TotalMonguor Monguor 27.62 11.46 39.08

Saler Salar 24.67 0.00 24.67

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

SICHUAN Langue Oral Ecrit TotalGyarong Gyarong 23.09 0.00 23.09

Oiang Qiang 20.09 0.00 20.09

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

TAIWAN Langue Oral Ecrit TotalAmis

I I I I 1 I I Amis 20.00 10.00 30.000 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

XINJIANG Langue Oral Ecrit TotalKazak Kazak 97.50 60.13 157.63Kirgiz Kirgiz 69.37 26.88 96.25Tajik Tajik 28.52 0.50 29.02Tatar Tatar 10.57 0.00 10.57Tuve Tuva 1.57 0.00 1.57

Uygur Uygur 112.41 99.52 211.93Uzbek Uzbek 10.57 0.00 10.57

Xibe Xibe 40.29 42.70 86.99

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

18

2 3

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEGLOBAL

Canglo Monba

Cona Monba

Deng

Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar)

Tibetan

Achang

Bai

Blang

Dai

Deang

Derung

Hani

Jingpo

Jino

Lahu

Lisu

Naxi

Nusu

Pumi

Va

Yi

Zaiwa

XIZANG (TIBET)

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280

YUNNAN

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280

Légende

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Langue Oral tont TotalCanglo Monba 27.00 0.00 27.00

Cona Monba 26.62 0.00 26.62

Deng 12.19 0.00 12.19

Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar)13.33 0.00 13.33

Tibetan 102.66 78.84 181.50

320


Achang 20.23 0.00 20.23

Bai 42.91 1.00 43.91

Blang 14.80 0.00 14.80

Dai 50.19 43.51 93.70

De'ang 17.43 0.00 17.43

Derung 29.95 0.00 29.95

Hani 24.69 2.00 26.69

Jingpo 53.38 46.83 100.21

Jino 15.71 0.00 15.71

Lahu 42.57 34.53 77.10

Lisu 40.59 35.42 76.01

Naxi 31.70 13.50 45.20

Nusu 14.52 0.00 14.52

Pumi 26.52 0.00 26.52

Va 39.20 28.17 67.37

Yi 60.33 44.25 104.58

Zaiwa 49.69 34.11 83.80

320

192 4

VITALITE PAR DOMAINERELIGION

Baean Matt"Dongxiang ,8:=0 Manchu

Hezh en ii;Eastern Yugur mis---Tgssms?

Western Yugur gemessuS

Korean fiSSEMSSIESSMESSENIMO

Kazak mesaKirgiz SMASSIMMSSM"Talik MeiMtigniengTatar (1880'tronliTuva

Uygur ""*.`'''''w*"*```'*"...,.,Uzbek ,61smagts

Xibe

Daur

E wMon grooeignki aenni 1,m_v_wtsmag/1 5 mg g 184611116mgalwr

Canglo Monba opnWEEMEritCona Monba

DengLhoba (Bengni-Bogar)

Tibetan

Achang gagamtfleelel_wassessatsostssztassgassmis0giang mpm ,

Da tewssmessmantammattassimgmea';'De'ang Egig:Th=eastaDerung ramegoggis

Ham

Ji no siiss__,ssItts36====stmmmJingpo

LahuLisu

Naxi itsssors--tertts=settWNusu eseesess.

Pumi sistantsmsse`VaYi

Zaiwa NE08:80:83SMISISIRESSONOSSMS.

Buyei +03255$222020:9DongGelaoMiao

Sul

Arnis

EREINIMMAUSII

Bu nu MEVGin MEW

LakkiaMaonan MEM

MianMulamZhuangai10

Li

[ 'N

DOMAINE 11A6mwmw*Wwww846"xw57.4m,

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

21 25

VITALITEPARDOMAINERELIGION Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL


Badan Bao'an 10.00 0.00 10.00

Dongxiang Dongziang 10.00 0.00 10.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

GUANGDONG Langue Oral Ecrit TotalShe She 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

GUANGXI Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Bunu Bunu 10.00 0.00 10.00

Gin Gin 10.00 0.00 10.00

Lakkia Lakkia 0.00 0.00 0.00

Maonan Maonan 10.00 0.00 10.00

Mian Mian 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mu lam Mu lam 10.00 0.00 10.00

Zhuang Zhuang 10.00 0.00 10.00

Buyei

Dong

Gelao

Miao

Sui

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

GUIZHOU

40


Buyei

Dong

Gelao

MiaoSui

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

HAINAN LangueLi

I I I 1 1 Li

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Hezhen

Manchu

HEILONGJIANG

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

20.00 0.00 20.00

10.00 0.00 10.00

10.00 0.00 10.00

20.00 20.00 40.00

20.00 0.00 20.00

Oral Ecrit Total10.00 0.00 10.00


Hezhen

Manchu

10.00 0.00 10.00

10.00 10.00 20.00

,2326

VITALITY BYDOMAIN

RELIGION

Tujia

Korean

HUNAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

JILIN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MONGOLIE-INTERIEUREDaur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

0

Monguor

Salar

Gyarong

Qiang

Amis

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

QINGHAII

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

SICHUAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TAIWAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Kazak

KrgizTajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

0

XINJIANG71.1141419

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

24

Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalTujia 10.00 0.00 10.00


Langue Oral Ecrit TotalDaur 10.00 0.00 10.00

Ewenki 10.00 0.00 10.00

Mongolian 20.00 20.00 40.00Orogen 10.00 0.00 10.00

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalMonguor 10.00 0.00 10.00

Salar 20.00 0.00 20.00


Gyarong 10.00 0.00 10.00

Qiang 10.00 0.00 10.00


Amis 20.00 10.00 30.00


Kazak 20.00 10.00 30.00Kirgiz 20.00 0.00 20.00

Tajik 20.00 0.00 20.00

Tatar 10.00 0.00 10.00

Tuva 0.00 0.00 0.00

Uygur 20.00 20.00 40.00

Uzbek 10.00 0.00 10.00

Xibe 10.00 10.00 20.00

2 7

!i:144-44.000.00000.00..

VITALITEPARDOMAINERELIGION

Canglo Monba

Cona Monba

Deng

Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar)

Tibetan

Achang

Bai

Blang

Dai

De'ang

Derung

Hani

Jingpo

Jino

Lahu

Lisu

Naxi

Nusu

Pumi

Va

Yi

Zaiwa

XIZANG (TIBET)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

YUNNAN

flu

INOMMONNSINNIONNIONNON

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

25

Légende"--77-777ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Langue Oral tont TotalCanglo Monba 20.00 0.00 20.00

Cona Monba 20.00 0.00 20.00

Deng 10.00 0.00 10.00

Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar)10.00 0.00 10.00

Tibetan 20.00 20.00 40.00

Langue Oral tont TotalAchang 10.00 0.00 10.00

Bai 20.00 0.00 20.00

Blang 10.00 0.00 10.00

Dai 20.00 20.00 40.00

De'ang 10.00 0.00 10.00

Derung 20.00 0.00 20.00

Hani 10.00 0.00 10.00

Jingpo 20.00 20.00 40.00

Jino 10.00 0.00 10.00

Lahu 20.00 20.00 40.00

Lisu 20.00 20.00 40.00

Nazi 10.00 10.00 20.00

Nusu 10.00 0.00 10.00

Pumi 20.00 0.00 20.00

Va 20.00 20.00 40.00

Yi 20.00 20.00 40.00

Zaiwa 20.00 20.00 40.00

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEECOLES

Kazak E83883i:::::M3PSNEMEM8WKirsiz tasiman0000

TajikTatarTuva

bjYzgeuIC °e116*"$SS""8"4"$""Ne":311Xibe

Canglo MonbaCona Monba


Tibetan

Bao'anDongxiang


AchangBat

Blang &mamma.Da i vagimaissd

De'angDerung is;

Hani 049Jinfpo 62eariarewisisigil

fogiwsr.LainuoLisu smigimusifNazi ireNusuPum

Va ..4531228133rsiggis_Lissf

Yi imaissaisesseesifsssuss380Za iw a Usisso.

Korean mossamsemtamenram0

MongolianOrogen

,iummatands?---1

1°11Daur

Ewe n k i

HezhenManchu

Bu yei IssissmirlostDong nasiss$GelaoMiao weara

Sui

u

[DOMAINE itiggi"gaiggsfam00o s to 15 20 25 30 35 40

1

27 2 9

Amis

Bunu $0Gin f$

LakkiaMaonan

MianMulam 0Zhuang iSM&IMO

VITALITE PARDOMAINEECOLES

Légende

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

BadanDongxiang

Eastern Yugur

Western Yugur

GANSU Langue Oral tcrit Total

Bao'anDongxiangEastern YugurWestern Yugur

0.000.001.00

1.00

0.000.000.000.00

0.000.001.001.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

GUANGDONG Langue Oral Ecrit Total

She She 1.00 0.00 1.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Bunu Bunu 1.00 0.00 1.00

Gin Gin 1.00 0.00 1.00



Mian Mian 1.00 0.00 1.00

Mu lam Mulam 1.00 0.00 1.00


Buyei

Dong

Gelao

Miao

Sui

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

GUIZHOU

40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

HAINANLi 1111111

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Hezhen

Manchu

HEILONGJIANG

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Buyei 6.50 2.50 9.00

Dong 5.50 2.00 7.50

Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00

Miao 3.50 2.00 5.50

Sui 1.00 0.00 1.00


Li 1.00 0.00 1.00


HezhenManchu

1.000.00

0.000.00

1.000.00

293 0

VITALITY BY DOMAIN

ECOLES

HUNANTujia r

I I I I I I

Korean

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

JILIN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

0

Monguor

Salar

0

Gyarong

Qiang

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

QINGHAI

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

SICHUAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Amis

TAIWAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

XINJIANG

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

30

L6gende

Langue

7TFT:ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit TotalTujia 1.00 0.00 1.00


Langue Oral Ecrit TotalDaur

Ewenki

MongolianOrogen

3.003.00

16.00

0.00

0.000.00

20.00

0.00

3.00

3.00

36.00

0.00

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalMonguorSalar

1.00

0.004.500.00

5.50

0.00

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalGyarong

Qiang0.001.00

0.00

0.000.00

1.00

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalAmis 0.00 0.00 0.00

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalKazak

KirgizTajikTatar

Tuva

UygurUzbekXibe

20.00

12.00

1.00

0.00

1.00

20.00

0.00

8.00

8.00

6.00

0.000.00

0.00

17.50

0.00

10.00

28.00

18.00

1.00

0.00

1.00

37.50

0.00

18.00

3 1


ECOLESLégende

Canglo Monba

X ZANG (TIBET)

ORAL EGRIT

TOTAL


Canglo Monba 1.00 0.00 1.00

Cona Monba Cona Monba 1.00 0.00 1.00

Deng Deng 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar) Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tibetan MMEEM.,_ Tibetan 20.00 15.00 35.00

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

YUNNAN Langue Oral twit Total

Achang Achang 1.00 0.00 1.00

Bai Bai 0.50 1.00 1.50

Blang Blang 1.00 0.00 1.00

Dai Dai 5.50 8.50 14.00

De'ang De'ang 1.00 0.00 1.00

Derung Derung 1.00 0.00 1.00

Hani Hani 0.50 2.00 2.50

Jingo° Jingpo 5.50 10.00 15.50

Jino Jino 1.00 0.00 1.00

Lahu Lahu 3.00 6.00 9.00

Lisu Lisu 4.50 6.00 10.50

Naxi Naxi 1.00 1.00 2.00

Nusu Nusu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pumi Pumi 1.00 0.00 1.00

Va Va 5.00 4.50 9.50

Yi Yi 14.00 6.00 20.00

Zaiwa Zaiwa 3.50 3.50 7.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

3 1 32

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEMASS MEDIA

Ka za kKiriz

TajikTatarTuva

Nur tiagaiMiltSSSUOM$Uz ekXibe sommes3E

Bao'anDongxiang

Eastern 'YugurWestern Yugur

Korean

HezhenManchu

DaurEwenki

MongolianOrogen

Ca nglo MonbaCona Monba


Tibetan gagaimmangsmigo

AchangBat

Bian$ ssosssemvssossrsrssmrDal Useasmatosseand

De'angDerung

Ham amendJinSpo Issiesistmosi

t no tescacm::::,Lahu tgaintensi.LisuNaxi /88*--r-esiap

NusuPumi

VaYi 4"mssmA47

Zaiwa wea=*28611

Dong ID

BuGniunBuyei /9

GelaoLakkia

Miao MiiiiMaonan

Sui ifilMian

ZMh uu laanmg magsrsgagt

DOM AINE ragistumweaSsinaSSMENBAO

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Li

Amis

VITALITE PAR D OMAINEMASS MEDIA Légende

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

BadanDongxiang



Bao'anDongziangEastern YugurWestern Yugur

0.000.000.000.00

0.000.000.000.00

0.000.000.000.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Bunu Bunu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gin Gin 0.00 0.00 0.00



Mian Mian 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mulam Mulam 0.00 0.00 0.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

GUIZHOU Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Buyei Buyei 2.00 0.00 2.00

Dong Dong 2.00 0.00 2.00

Gelao Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00

Miao Miao 8.00 0.00 8.00

Sui Sui 2.00 0.00 2.00

0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

HAINAN Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Li1 1 1 1 1

Li 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

HEILONGJIANG Langue Oral Ecrit TotalHezhen Hezhen 0.00 0.00 0.00

Manchu Manchu 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

3534

VITALITY BY DOMAIN

MASS MEDIA

HUNANTujia

Korean

I I

0 5 10 15 20 25

JILIN

30 35 40

EMINI:::E;Mal I

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

Monguor

Salar

Gyarong

Qiang

Amis

MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

0 5

0 5

0 5

TAIWAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

QINGHAI

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

SICHUAN

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

0

XINJIANG

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

36

Légende

Langue Oral

11:7:WONWORAL coml.

tont

TOTAL

TotalTujia 0.00 0.00 0.00

Langue Oral tont TotalKorean 15.00 9.17 24.17

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalDaurEwenkiMongolianOrogen

5.00

0.00

20.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

11.67

0.00

5.00

0.00

31.67

0.00

Langue Oral tont TotalMonguorSalar

0.00

0.00

6.67

0.00

6.67

0.00


Qiang

2.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

2.00

0.00

Langue Oral tont TotalAntis 0.00 0.00 0.00

Langue Oral tont TotalKazak

KirgizTajikTatar

TuvaUygurUzbek

Xibe

20.00

17.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

20.00

0.00

8.00

11.67

6.67

0.00

0.00

0.00

9.17

0.00

6.67

31.67

23.67

0.00

0.00

0.00

29.17

0.00

14.67

35


MASS MEDIA

Canglo Monba

Cona Monba

Deng

Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar)

Tibetan

AchangBai

Blang

Dai

De'angDerung

Hani

JingpoJino

Lahu

Lisu

Naxi

Nusu

Pumi

Va

Yi

Zaiwa

XIZANG (TIBET)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

YUNNAN

0 5 10 15

LégendeMM.,777.7.77071

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Langue Oral tont Total


Cona Monba 0.00 0.00 0.00

Deng 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tibetan 20.00 9.17 29.17

40

Langue Oral LI* Total

Achang 0.00 0.00 0.00

Bai 0.00 0.00 0.00

Blang 0.00 0.00 0.00

Dai 13.00 6.67 19.67

De'ang 0.00 0.00 0.00

Derung 0.00 0.00 0.00

Hani 8.00 0.00 8.00

Jingpo 8.00 6.67 14.67

Jino 2.00 0.00 2.00

Lahu 8.00 2.50 10.50

Lisu 8.00 9.17 17.17

Naxi 5.00 2.50 7.50

Nusu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pumi 0.00 0.00 0.00

Va 2.00 0.00 2.00

Yi 8.00 6.67 14.67

Zaiwa 8.00 2.50 10.50

20 25 30 35 40

37

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEAD MI N IS TRATI ON

Bao'a nDongxiang

Eastern Yugur EgejWestern Yugur

Korea n WNW

KazakKirgiz mond!TaiikTatar 0Tuva

Uygu rUzbek 0

X i be

Daur INEAPEwenki sualsomy,

Mongol' a n emssissmi,Orogen is?

Lhoba

Canglo Monba goCona Monba

Deng litBengni-Bogar)

Tibetan MENRIBMI

AchangBal

Blang &as,Dal eanto

De'angDerung eir#

HaniJingpo -4E''ssEgissEHmt,

n oLahu rail?Lisu

Naxi raastNusu tralPumi

Va kawYi 1803883381#

Za i w a lessa0

Buyei lessigs,Don g *UPGelaoMiao

S u i 98I8 0

DOMAINE[0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

-INewasinsta0

39 3

BunuGin 01

LakkiaMaonan

MianMularnZhuang

Amis

VITALITEPARDOMAINEADMINISTRATION Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

BadanDongxiang

Eastern Yugur

Western Yugur

GANSU Langue Oral Ecrit TotalBao'an

DongxiangEastern YugurWestern Yugur

1.43

3.143.293.29

0.000.000.000.00

1.43

3.143.29

3.29

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Bunu Bunu 1.29 0.00 1.29

Gin Gin 1.14 0.00 1.14



Mian Mian 1.57 0.00 1.57

Mulam Mu lam 3.21 0.00 3.21


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

GUIZHOU Langue Oral Ecrit TotalBuyei Buyei 3.93 0.00 3.93

Dong Dong 4.57 0.00 4.57Gelao Gelao 1.43 0.00 1.43

Miao Miao 4.00 0.00 4.00

Sui Sui 3.43 0.00 3.43

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

HAINAN

35 40


Li 2.00 0.00 2.00

0

Hezhen

Manchu

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

HEILONGJIANG Langue Oral Ecrit Total

HezhenManchu

1.43

0.290.000.25

1.43

0.54

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

41 38

VITALITY BY DOMAINADMINISTRATION

HUNANTujia

1 1 1 1 1 1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

JILINKorean

1 1 1 1 1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Monguor

Salar

Gyarong

Qiang

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Amis

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

QINGHAI

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

SICHUAN

TAIWAN

Kazak

KrgizTajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

0

XINJIANG

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Légende"7.77.77:777:7

ECRIT

TOTAL

ORAL

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalTujia 0.86 0.00 0.86


Langue Oral Ecrit TotalDaur 3.71 0.00 3.71

Ewenki 2.57 0.00 2.57Mongolian 7.21 5.36 12.57

Orogen 2.29 0.00 2.29

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalMonguor 4.79 0.00 4.79Salar 2.00 0.00 2.00

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalGyarong 2.43 0.00 2.43Qiang 2.43 0.00 2.43


Langue Oral Ecrit TotalKazak 8.50 7.51 16.01

Kirgiz 6.71 3.25 9.96Tajik 2.86 0.50 3.36

Tatar 0.57 0.00 0.57Tuva 0.57 0.00 0.57Uygur 12.07 9.32 21.39

Uzbek 0.57 0.00 0.57Xibe 6.29 3.75 10.04

3 942

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEADMINISTRATION Légende

XIZANG (TIBET)

MIRMI=7.77-77=7ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalCanglo Monba Canglo Monba 2.00 0.00 2.00


Deng Deng 0.86 0.00 0.86


Tibetan Tibetan 11.00 6.57 17.57

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

YUNNAN Langue Oral Ecrit Total


Bai Bai 5.07 0.00 5.07

Blang Blang 1.14 0.00 1.14

Dai Dai 4.36 2.25 6.61

Deang Deang 1.43 0.00 1.43


Hani Hani 1.86 0.00 1.86

Jingpo Jingpo 5.71 2.55 8.26

Jino Jino 0.71 0.00 0.71

Lahu Lahu 4.57 1.55 6.12

Lisu Lisu 2.43 0.25 2.68

Naxi Naxi 5.36 0.00 5.36

Nusu Nusu 1.86 0.00 1.86

Pumi Pumi 0.86 0.00 0.86

Va Va 4.21 1.00 5.21

Yi Yi 5.50 3.76 9.26

Zaiwa Zaiwa 5.36 1.50 6.86

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

43 4 0

VITALITE PAR DOMAINETRIBUNAUX

A riBao'an

DongxiangEastern Yugur sof

Western Yugur

Kor ea n ".1266$211i

Daur Let5iEwenki

M-2!AMSNSPANOMMO9MongohanOrogen

Lhoba

AchangBai

l3langDat fm-Airom.?

De'angDerung

HaniJingpo

JinoLahu fisoLisuNaxiNusuPumi fa,

Va gc-rid

Yi 3330:285

Zaiwa

BunuBuyei 0, GinDong SP Lakkia asGelao . Maonan 1,0Miao 1:10 Mian to

Sui 0 Mulam if0Zhuang

Li ft

DOMAINE Mx6x'mcm4amMwmgcl,0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

45 41

Amis

VITALITEPARDOMAINETRIBUNAUX Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

BadanDongxiang



DongxiangEastern YugurWestern Yugur

2.002.003.332.67

0.000.000.000.00

2.002.003.33

2.670 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Bunu Bunu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gin Gin 0.00 0.00 0.00



Mian Mian 1.33 0.00 1.33

Mu lam Mu lam 2.00 0.00 2.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Dong Dong 1.33 0.00 1.33

Gelao Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00Miao Miao 2.00 0.67 2.67

Sui Sui 1.33 0.00 1.33

Hezhen

Manchu

0 5 10

0 5 10

HEILONGJIANG

15 20 25

HAINAN

30 35 40

LangueLi

15 20 25 30 35 40

Langue

Oral Ecrit Total2.00 0.00 2.00

Oral Ecrit Total

HezhenManchu

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1.33 0.00 1.33

0.00 0.00 0.00

47

4 2

VITALITY BYDOMAINTRIBUNAUX

HUNANTujia

1 I

0 5 10 15 20 25

JILIN

30 35 40

Korean g2:0 I I I I

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

Monguor

Salar

Gyarong

Qiang

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

QINGHAI

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

SICHUAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Amis

TAIWAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

TatarTuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

XINJIANG

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

48

Légende

Langue

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL




Ewenki

MongolianOrogen

4.00

4.00

10.00

2.00

0.00

0.00

10.00

0.00

4.00

4.00

20.00

2.00

Langue Oral Lift TotalMonguorSalar

2.67

1.33

0.00

0.00

2.67

1.33


Qiang

4.00

2.00

0.00

0.00

4.00

2.00


Langue Oral Ecrit TotalKazak

KirgizTajikTatar

Tuva

UygurUzbek

Xibe

10.00

4.00

2.00

0.00

0.00

10.00

0.00

4.00

8.00

4.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

10.00

0.00

4.00

18.00

8.00

2.00

0.00

0.00

20.00

0.00

8.00

4 3

VITALITEPARDOMAINETRIBUNAUX Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

XIZANG (TIBET) Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Canglo Monba Canto Monba 2.00 0.00 2.00


Deng Deng 1.33 0.00 1.33

thoba(Bengni-Bogar) Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 1.33 0.00 1.33


Achang

Bai

Blang

Dai

Deang

Derung

Hani

Jingpo

Jino

Lahu

Lisu

Nazi

Nusu

Pumi

Va

Yi

Zaiwa

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Achang 2.00 0.00 2.00

Bai 4.00 0.00 4.00

Blang 1.33 0.00 1.33

Dai 4.00 3.33 7.33

De'ang 2.00 0.00 2.00

Derung 2.00 0.00 2.00

Hani 1.33 0.00 1.33

Jingpo 4.00 1.33 5.33

Jino 2.00 0.00 2.00

Lahu 1.33 1.33 2.66

Lisu 2.00 0.00 2.00

Nazi 2.00 0.00 2.00

Nusu 1.33 0.00 1.33

Pumi 2.00 0.00 2.00

Va 3.33 0.67 4.00

Yi 4.00 2.00 6.00

Zaiwa 4.00 1.33 5.33

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

49

VITALITE PAR DOMAINELEGISLATURE

Ba.o'an ADongxtang

Eastern YugurWestern Yugur fs'sr

Korean 1=40

41!

Xibe

MonguorSalar Ce,

Da urEwenki esamaggimsz

Mongolian ugamstiamoamaFOrogen tilf

Ka za k ------KanikaffiffigitaikagMThca,Ki rgiz taiginea$

TajikTatarTuvaUygur CRES

Uzbek

)


sommenagagoDeng

ni-Bogar GyarongLhoba BengTibetan gro

Qiang frol 1,1°.

ellituf4°P

HezhenManchu

Achang 119Bat Of

BlangDal at

De'angDerung

Hani egt_Jingpo 1883nristi

JinoLahu rig?LisuNazi idNusuPumi

VaYi easostasoi

Zaiwa

Buyei '6Dong s'GelaoMiao

Sui

Li 10

[\

DOMAINE annataMen4WWWWAWNN eaVeg

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40i51 4 5

BunuGin

LakkiaMaonan

MianMulamZhuang effs

Amis

VITALITE PAR DOMAINELEGISLATURE Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Bacian

Dongxiang



Bao'anDongxiangEastern YugurWestern Yugur

0.001.00

2.002.00

0.000.000.000.00

0.001.00

2.002.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Bunu Bunu 1.00 0.00 1.00

Gin Gin 0.00 0.00 0.00



Mian Mian 1.00 0.00 1.00

Mu lam Mu lam 2.00 0.00 2.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Dong Dong 1.00 0.00 1.00

Gelao Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00

Miao Miao 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sui Sui 1.00 0.00 1.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

HAINAN

35 40

Langue Oral t crit Total

Li 1.00 0.00 1.00

0

Manchu

Hezhen

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

HEILONGJIANG Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Hezhen

Manchu

0.00

0.00

0.000.00

0.00

0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

53 4 6

VITALITY BY DOMAIN

LEGISLATURE

HUNANTujia

I I I I I

0 5 10 15 20 25

JILIN

30 35 40

KoreanI I I I I

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

0

Monguor

Salar

0

Gyarong

Qiang

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

QINGHAI

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

SICHUAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TAIWANAmis

I

o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

0

XINJIANGMn MO:

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

54

Légende

Langue

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL


Langue Oral tont TotalKorean 4.00 5.67 9.67

Langue Oral tont TotalDaur


2.00

2.00

12.00

2.00

0.000.005.67

0.00

2.002.00

17.67

2.00

Langue Oral tont TotalMonguorSalar

4.50

0.000.000.00

4.500.00


Qiang2.00

2.00

0.00

0.00

2.00

2.00

Langue Oral tont TotalAmis 0.00 0.00 0.00

Langue Oral tont TotalKazak

KirgizTajikTatar

Tuva

UygurUzbek

Xibe

15.00

7.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

15.00

0.004.00

11.67

2.67

0.000.00

0.0011.67

0.004.00

26.67

9.67

0.00

0.00

0.00

26.67

0.00

8.00

4 7

VITALITE PAR D OMAINELEGISLATURE

Cang lo Monba

Cona Monba

Deng

thoba(Bengni-Bogar)

Tibetan

Achang

Bai

Blang

Dai

DeangDerung

Hani

Jingpo

Jino

Lahu

Lisu

Naxi

Nusu

Pumi

Va

Yi

Zaiwa

0

..a

Légende

XIZANG (TIBET)

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Langue Oral Lilt Total


Cona Monba 1.00 0.00 1.00

Deng 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 1.00 0.00 1.00

Tibetan 15.00 9.67 24.67

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

YUNNAN Langue Oral tont Total

Achang 2.00 0.00 2.00

Bai 2.00 0.00 2.00

Blang 0.00 0.00 0.00

Dai 2.00 1.33 3.33

De'ang 1.00 0.00 1.00

Derung 2.00 0.00 2.00

Hani 3.00 0.00 3.00

Jingpo 4.50 2.00 6.50

Jino 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lahu 2.00 2.00 4.00

Lisu 1.00 0.00 1.00

Naxi 3.00 0.00 3.00

Nusu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pumi 0.00 0.00 0.00

Va 2.00 0.00 2.00

Yi 7.50 4.67 12.17

Zaiwa 5.50 2.00 7.50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

554 8

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEINDUSTRIES MANUFACTURIERES

Bao'anDongxiang

Eastern YugurWestern Yugur f

Korean kts""rd

DaurEwen ki slifigagy.

Mongolian gamma,Orogen if

Lhoba

AchandBat

BlandDal

De'angDerund

HamJingpo

JinoLahuLisuNaziNusuPumi

VaYi

Zaiwa

eassrsWm'

itO

Atari

.654e.

mg.

*81?

BuyeiDongGelaoMiao

Sui P

Li

[ -N

DOMAINE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 401

57 4 9

BunuGin

LakkiaMaonan

MianMulam troZhuang

Antis


INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURIERES Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

BadanDongxiang


GANSU Langue Oral Ecrit TotalBao'anDongxiangEastern YugurWestern Yugur

0.000.001.33

1.33

0.000.000.000.00

0.000.001.331.33

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Bunu Bunu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gin Gin 0.00 0.00 0.00



Mian Mian 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mu lam Mu lam 1.33 0.00 1.33


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

GUIZHOU Langue Oral Ecrit TotalBuyei Buyei 0.00 0.00 0.00Dong Dong 0.00 0.00 0.00Gelao Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00

Miao Miao 1.33 0.00 1.33

Sui Sui 1.33 0.00 1.33

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

HAINAN

40

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalLi Li 1.33 0.00 1.33

0

Manchu

Hezhen

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

HEILONGJIANG

40


HezhenManchu

0.000.00

0.000.00

0.000.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

59 ,J 0

VITALITY BY D OMAIN

INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURIERES L6gende

Tujia

Korean

0

HUNAN Langue

ORAL

Oral EcritI I Tujia 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

JILINLangue Oral Ecrit

I I I I I I Korean 5.00 2.865 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MONGOLIE-INTtRIEURE Langue Oral EcritDaur Daur 2.33 0.00

Ewenki Ewenki 2.33 0.00Mongolian Mongolian 5.00 5.71

Orogen Orogen 0.67 0.00

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

QINGHAILangue Oral Ecrit

Monguor Monguor 2.33 0.00Salar Salar 0.67 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

SICHUAN Langue Oral EcritGyarong Gyarong 1.33 0.00

Qiang Qiang 1.33 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TAIWAN Langue Oral EcritAmis Amis 0.00 0.00

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

XINJIANG

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

60

Langue Oral EcritKazak 0.67 1.14

Kirgiz 1.33 2.00Tajik 1.33 0.00Tatar 0.00 0.00Tuva 0.00 0.00Uygur 9.67 10.29

Uzbek 0.00 0.00Xibe 2.67 2.57

5 1

ECRIT

TOTAL

Total0.00

Total7.86

Total2.33

2.33

10.71

0.67

Total2.33

0.67

Total1.33

1.33

Total0.00

Total1.81

3.33

1.33

0.00

0.00

19.96

0.00

5.24

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEINDUSTRIES MANUFACTURIERES Légende

XIZANG (TIBET)

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT


Canglo Monba Canglo Monba 0.00 0.00 0.00


Deng Deng 0.00 0.00 0.00

thoba(Bengni-Bogar) Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 0.00 0.00 0.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

YUNNAN Langue Oral tont Total

Achang Acbang 1.33 0.00 1.33

Bai Bai 5.67 0.00 5.67

Blang Blang 0.00 0.00 0.00

Dai Dai 0.00 0.86 0.86

!Mang De'ang 1.33 0.00 1.33


Hani Hani 0.00 0.00 0.00


Jino Jino 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lahu Lahu 3.00 0.29 3.29

Lisu Lisu 1.33 0.00 1.33

Naxi Naxi 2.67 0.00 2.67

Nusu Nusu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pumi Pumi 1.33 0.00 1.33

Va Va 1.33 0.57 1.90

Yi Yi 1.33 0.86 2.19

Zaiwa Zaiwa 1.33 1.14 2.47

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

5 261

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEENTREPRISES DE VENTES ET DE SERVICES

BadanDortgxiang

EasternWestern Yugur a#

Korean

Daur iffofEwenki gzitilagon

Mongolian sosseessoseOrogen

Lhoba

Achang gssfor.Bat ssitsis0

BlangDat 1119

De'angDerung iftf

HamJingpo

JinoLahuLisuNaxi ste Buyei 119

Nusu DongPumi Gelao

Va 16, MiaoYi # Sui

Zaiwa

Li 0

D°MAINE P3231===ffialaSNIMINSWO0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

6353

BunuGin

LakkiaMaonan

Mian

Zhuang

Amis

VITALITE PAR DOMAINEENTREPRISES DE VENTES ET DE SERVICES Légende

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Bao'anDongxiang



DongziangEastern YugurWestern Yugur

0.001.331.33

1.33

0.000.000.000.00

0.001.33

1.331.33

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Bunu Bunu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gin GM 0.00 0.00 0.00



Mian Mian 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mulam Mulam 1.33 0.00 1.33


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

GUIZHOU Langue Oral Ecrit TotalBuyei Buyet 1.33 0.00 1.33

Dong Dong 0.67 0.00 0.67Gelao Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00Miao Miao 1.33 0.00 1.33

Sui Sui 0.67 0.00 0.67

Li

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

HAINAN

I I

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Manchu

Hezhen

HEILONGJIANG

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalLi 1.33 0.00 1.33


Hezhen 0.00 0.00 0.00

Manchu 0.00 0.00 0.00

65 5 4

VITALITY BY DOMAINENTREPRISES DE VENTES ET DE SERVICES

Tujia

Korean

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

HUNAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

JILINNI:1011 I I 1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

0

Monguor

Salar

0

Gyarong

Qiang

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

QINGHAI

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

SICHUAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Amis

TAIWAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Kazak

rgiz

Tajik

TatarTuva

UygurUzbek

Xibe

0

XINJIANG

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

66

Légende

Langue

-:::44g377ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL





3.33

1.33

5.000.00

0.000.005.29

0.00

3.33

1.33

10.29

0.00

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalMonguorSalar

2.33

0.670.290.00

2.620.67

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalGyarongQiang

1.33

1.33

0.000.00

1.33

1.33


Langue Oral Ecrit TotalKazakKirgiz

TajikTatarTuvaUygurUzbekXibe

3.33

1.33

1.33

0.000.005.670.001.33

2.14

2.29

0.000.000.00

11.57

0.001.71

5.473.62

1.33

0.000.00

17.24

0.003.04

5 3

VITALITEPARDOMAINEENTREPRISES DE VENTES ET DE SERVICES

Canglo Monba

Cona Monba

Deng

Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar)

Tibetan

Achang

Bai

Blang

Dai

Deang

Derung

Hani

Jingpo

Jino

Lahu

Lisu

Naxi

Nusu

Pumi

Va

Yi

Zaiwa

0

m

Légende

XIZANG (TIBET)

ORAL

TOTAL

eCRIT


Canglo Monba 0.00 0.00 0.00Cona Monba 0.00 0.00 0.00

Deng 0.00 0.00 0.00Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 0.00 0.00 0.00Tibetan 3.33 3.14 6.47

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Achang 1.33 0.00 1.33

Bai 5.67 0.00 5.67

Blang 1.33 0.00 1.33

Dai 1.33 0.57 1.90

De'ang 0.67 0.00 0.67

Derung 1.33 0.00 1.33

Hani 0.00 0.00 0.00

Jingpo 3.67 2.57 6.24

lino 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lahu 0.67 0.86 1.53

Lisu 1.33 0.00 1.33

Nazi 2.67 0.00 2.67

Nusu 1.33 0.00 1.33

Pumi 1.33 0.00 1.33

Va 1.33 1.43 2.76

Yi 0.00 0.29 0.29

Zaiwa 2.00 2.14 4.14

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

67

5

PARTIE / PART3

VITALITE PAR PROVINCE IVITALITY BY PROVINCE I

3 7

VITALITE PAR PROVINCE I (selon les domaines)

GANSU

RELIGIONR maw/an =saw

DongxiangEastern Yugur ggeggagel,/A

Western Yugur sisseresger

Bao'anDongxiang


Bao'anDongxiang


ECOL ES LtGISLATUREBao'an

Dongxiang tip/Eastern Yugur

Western Yugur

INDUSTRIESMANUFACTURIERES

Bao'anDongxiang 4


ADMINISTRATIONBaean

Dongxiang ra40Eastern Yugur

Western Yugur

TRIBUNAUXBao'an

DongxiangEastern Yugur age

Western Yugur

ENTREPRISESDE VENTES ET DE SERVICESBao'an

DongxiangEastern Yugur

Western Yugur jr0

71 53


GANSULégende

Bao'an

Dongxiang

Eastern Yugur

Western Yugur

GLOBAL Langue

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total

Bao'an

Dongxiang


13.43

17.47

22.28

21.62

0.000.000.000.00

13.43

17.47

22.2821.62

40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

RELIGION Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Bao'an Bao'an 10.00 0.00 10.00


Eastern Yugur Eastern Yugur 10.00 0.00 10.00

Western Yugur Western Yugur 10.00 0.00 10.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ECOLES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Baden B ao'an 0.00 0.00 0.00




0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MASS MEDIA Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Badan Bao'an 0.00 0.00 0.00




0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ADMINISTRATION Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Badan Bao'an 1.43 0.00 1.43




0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TRIBUNAUX Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Badan B ao'an 2.00 0.00 2.00




0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LEGISLATURE Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Badan B ao'an 0.00 0.00 0.00




0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

7359

VITALITY BY PROVINCE I (by domains)

GANSU Légende


Langue

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Oral tont TotalBao'an B ao'an 0.00 0.00 0.00

Dongxiang Dongxiang 0.00 0.00 0.00Eastern Yugur Eastern Yugur 1.33 0.00 1.33


5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ENTREPRISESDE VENTES ET DE SERVICES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Bac:Van Bao'an 0.00 0.00 0.00Dongxiang Dongxiang 1.33 0.00 1.33


5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

74

6 0


GUANGDONG

RELIGIONShe

ECOLESShe

MASS MEDIAShe

ADMINISTRATIONShe f0

TRIBUNAUXShe

LEGISLATUREShe


She


GI-Cet

0 40 BO 123 193 240 240 290 920

DOMAIN E tffiganatainni0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

7561


GUANGDONGL6gende

ORAL ECRIT

GLOBAL Langue

TOTAL

Oral tort Total

She She 553 0.00 5.53

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

TotalRELIGION Langue Oral Ecrit

She She 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ECOLES Langue Oral terit Total

She She 1.00 0.00 1.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MASS MEDIA Langue Oral tent Total

She She 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


She She 1.86 0.00 1.86

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


She She 2.00 0.00 2.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


She She 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

INDUSTRIES,MANUFACTURIERES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

She She 0.67 0.00 0.67

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


She She 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

6277


GUANGXI

BunuGin

LakkiaMaonan

MianMu lainZhuang

BunuGin

LakkiaMaonan

MianMu lamZhuang

RELIGIONMEMMEWMEMdMiffoMOW

E COL E S

SVOSEliall

MASS MEDIABunu

GinLakkia

MaonanMian

Mu lamZhuang

ADMINISTRATIONBunu

GinLakkia

Maonan 0:0Mian

Mu lam aZhuang

TRIBUNAUXBunu

GinLakkia dr#

MaonanMian AI°

Mu lam sR*Zhuang r34

BunuGin

LakkiaMaonan itO

MianMulamZhuang

Bunu

MaonanLakkia

Mian

Gin

Mu lamZhuang

Ear

GLOBAL

BunuGin

LakkiaMaonan

MianMulamZhuang

LEGISLATURE


ENTREPRISESDE VENTES ET DE SERVICESBunu

GinLakkia

Maonan tifMian

Mulam ilZhuang

-70 6 3


G UANGXIL6gende

BunuGin

Lakkia

MaonanMian

Mulam

Zhuang

0

GLOBAL Langue

MMIMFEREWMORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total

BunuGin

LakkiaMaonanMianMulamZhuang

13.2912.145.71

17.604.90

20.8738.95

0.000.000.000.000.000.00

16.90

13.29

12.145.71

17.60

4.9020.8755.85

40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320


Bunu Bunu 10.00 0.00 10.00

Gin Gm 10.00 0.00 10.00



Mian Mian 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mulam Mulam 10.00 0.00 10.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Bunu Bunn 1.00 0.00 1.00

Gin Gin 1.00 0.00 1.00



Mian Mian 1.00 0.00 1.00

Mulam Mulam 1.00 0.00 1.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Bunu Bunu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gin Gin 0.00 0.00 0.00



Mian Mian 0.00 0.00 0.00Mulam Mulam 0.00 0.00 0.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Bunu Bunu 1.29 0.00 1.29

Gin Gin 1.14 0.00 1.14



Mian Mian 1.57 0.00 1.57

Mulam Mulam 3.21 0.00 3.21


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

81 64


GUANGXI Légende122222122122a

TRIBUNAUX Langue

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Oral Lit TotalBunu Bunu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gin Gin 0.00 0.00 0.00Lakkia Lakkia 2.00 0.00 2.00

Maonan Maonan 2.00 0.00 2.00Mian Mian 1.33 0.00 1.33

Mu lam Mu lam 2.00 0.00 2.00Zhuang Zhuang 2.00 0.00 2.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LEGISLATURE Langue Oral Ecrit TotalBunu Bunu 1.00 0.00 1.00

Gin Gin 0.00 0.00 0.00Lakkia Lakkia 1.00 0.00 1.00

Maonan Maonan 1.00 0.00 1.00Mian Mian 1.00 0.00 1.00

Mu lam Mu lam 2.00 0.00 2.00Zhuang Zhuang 2.00 1.67 3.67

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

INDUSTRIESMANUFACTURIERES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Bunu Bunu 0.00 0.00 0.00Gin Gin 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lakkia Lakkia 0.00 0.00 0.00Maonan Maonan 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mian Mian 0.00 0.00 0.00Mu lam Mu lam 1.33 0.00 1.33


0

DE

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ENTREPRISESVENTES ET DE SERVICES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Bunu Bunu 0.00 0.00 0.00Gin Gin 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lakkia Lakkia 0.00 0.00 0.00Maonan Maonan 0.67 0.00 0.67

Mian Mian 0.00 0.00 0.00Mu lam Mu lam 1.33 0.00 1.33


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

82


GUIZHOU

RELIGIONAMMIANIPBuyei wassmaswasios

Dong wasewaseriGelao glean_ 1!!!MIMMiao

Sul maameseasens

ECOLESBuyei tizai""927'inli

Do ng abs=aidGelaoMiao

Sui

MASS MEDIABuyeiDong 0110GelaoMiao IMP

Sui ft.

TRIBUNAUXBuyeiDongGelaoMiao

Sui

ADMINISTRATIONBuyeiDo ng 02210Gelao 10Miao

Sui

BuyeiDongGelaoMiao

Sui

GLOBAL

BuyeiDongGelaoMiao

Sui

LEGISLATUREBuyei

S.DongGelao

M auoi firj



BuyeiDongGelaoMiao

Sui

GLOBAL

0 40 W 1M 188 MD 240 NO UD

DOMAINE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

83 6 6


GUIZHOULégende

Mi"cMut \.,r1ORAL EcArr

TOTAL

Buyei

Dong

Gelao

Miao

Sui

0

GLOBAL Langue Oral Ecrit Total

BuyeiDongGelao

MiaoSui

36.09

25.07

11.43

40.16

30.76

2.502.00

0.00

22.67

0.00

38.59

27.07

11.43

62.83

30.76

40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320


Buyei Buyei 20.00 0.00 20.00

Dong Dong 10.00 0.00 10.00

Gelao Gelao 10.00 0.00 10.00

Miao Miao 20.00 20.00 40.00: . : :

Sui Sui 20.00 0.00 20.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ECOL ES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Buyei Buyei 6.50 2.50 9.00

Dong Doug 5.50 2.00 7.50

Gelao Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00

Miao Miao 3.50 2.00 5.50

Sui Sui 1.00 0.00 1.00

0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Buyei Buyei 2.00 0.00 2.00

Dong Doug 2.00 0.00 2.00

Gelao Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00

Miao Miao 8.00 0.00 8.00

Sui Sui 2.00 0.00 2.00

0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Buyei Buyei 3.93 0.00 3.93

Dong Doug 4.57 0.00 4.57

Gelao Gelao 1.43 0.00 1.43

Miao Miao 4.00 0.00 4.00

Sui Sui 3.43 0.00 3.43

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

85

6 7

VITALITY BY PROVINCE I (by domainS)

GUIZHOU Légende

ORAL ECRIT

Buyei

Dong

Gelao

Miao

Sui

TRIBUNAUX Langue

TOTAL

Oral Lilt TotalBuyei

Dong

GelaoMiaoSui

1.33

1.330.002.001.33

0.000.000.000.670.00

1.33

1.33

0.002.67

1.33

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LEGISLATURE Langue Oral Ecrit TotalBuyei Buyei 1.00 0.00 1.00Dong Doug 1.00 0.00 1.00

Gelao Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00Miao Miao 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sui Sui 1.00 0.00 1.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Buyei Buyei 0.00 0.00 0.00Dong Dong 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gelao Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00

Miao Miao 1.33 0.00 1.33

Sui Sui 1.33 0.00 1.33

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Buyei Buyei 1.33 0.00 1.33Dong Dong 0.67 0.00 0.67Gelao Gelao 0.00 0.00 0.00Miao Miao 1.33 0.00 1.33

Sui Sui 0.67 0.00 0.67

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

86

63


HAINAN

RELIGIONLi NNW

ECOLESLi )101

MASS MEDIALi

LEGISLATURELi la

ADMINISTRATIONLi 19

TRIBUNAUXLi


Li

ENTREPRISESDE VENTES ET DE SERVICESLi eg

3108.41.

0 40 00 120 103 20:1 20 220 320

DOMAINE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

87 6 9


HAINAN

GLOBAL

Li

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

RELIGION

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ECOLESLi

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MASS MEDIALi

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ADMINISTRATIONLi

Li

Li

Li

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TRIBUNAUX

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LEGISLATURE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

INDUSTRIE&MANUFACTURIERES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Li

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Légende1=.77777.777.7.7

Langue

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total

Li 18.66 0.00 18.66

TotalLangue Oral Ecrit

Li 10.00 0.00 10.00


Li 1.00 0.00 1.00


Li 0.00 0.00 0.00


Li 2.00 0.00 2.00


Li 2.00 0.00 2.00


Li 1.00 0.00 1.00


Li 1.33 0.00 1.33


Li 1.33 0.00 1.33


HEILONGJIANG

RELIGIONHezhen issZrwons0

Manchu 3886034eSO88SM

ECOLESHezhen 811

Manchu

HezhenManchu

TRIBUNAUXHezhen 110Manchu

HezhenManchu

LEGISLATURE

ADMINISTRATIONHezhen (0Manchu


HezhenManchu


HezhenManchu

9171


HEILONGJIANGLégende

EMMIM7777,§§s4K7ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Hezhen

Manchu

0

Hezhen

Manchu

0

Hezhen

Manchu

Hezhen

Manchu

Hezhen

Manchu

0

Hezhen

Manchu

0

Manchu

Hezhen

Manchu

Hezhen

0

DEManchu

Hezhen

GLOBAL Langue Oral Ecrit Total

1Hezhen

Manchu

13.76

10.29

0.00

10.25

13.76

20.54

40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

TotalRELIGION Langue Oral Ecrit

Hezhen

Manchu

10.00

10.00

0.00

10.00

10.00

20.00

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Hezhen

Manchu

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Hezhen

Manchu

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Hezhen

Manchu

1.43

0.29

0.00

0.25

1.43

0.54

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


HezhenManchu

1.33

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.33

0.00

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Hezhen

Manchu

0.00

0.00

0.000.00

0.00

0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40INDUSTRIES.

MANUFACTURIERES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

HezhenManchu

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40ENTREPRISES

VENTES ET DE SERVICES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

HezhenManchu

0.000.00

0.000.00

0.000.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

93 72


HUNAN

RELIGIONTu ji a BMW

ECOLESTujia

MASS MEDIATujia

ADMINISTRATIONTujia

TRIBUNAUXTujia

LEGISLATURETujia



Tujia

GLCEIAL

0 40 BO 123 183 280 2413 280 320

DOMAINE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

95 73


HUNAN

Tujia

Tujia

GLOBALIR I I I I I I I 1

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

RELIGION

Tujia

Tujia

Tujia

Tujia

Tujia

Tujia

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

ECOLES

40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

MASS MEDIA

40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

ADMINISTRATION

40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

TRIBUNAUX

40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

LEGISLATURE

40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

INDUSTRIES,MANUFACTURIERES

40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Tujia

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Légende"7.7.77.%557

Langue

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total

Tujia 11.86 0.00 11.86

Ecrit TotalLangue Oral

Tujia 10.00 0.00 10.00

Langue Oral kat Total

Tujia 1.00 0.00 1.00


Tujia 0.00 0.00 0.00

tangue Oral Ecrit Total

Tujia 0.86 0.00 0.86


Tujia 0.00 0.00 0.00


Tujia 0.00 0.00 0.00


Tujia 0.00 0.00 0.00


Tujia 0.00 0.00 0.00

97 74


JILIN

RELIGIONKorean "mummgmlsladmmammr0

ECOLESKorean isilaMMUMBUO

MASS MEDIAKorea n

TRIBUNAUXKorean galgO

LEGISLATUREKorean EME0

ADMINISTRATIONKorean IMO

9975


Korean MO


Korean gm"rgis0


JILIN

Korean

Korean

Korean

Korean

Korean

Korean

Korean

Korean

GLOBAL

O 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

RELIGION

0 5

O 5

0 5

10 15 20 25 30

ECOLES

35 40

"Frrn.r7..

10 15 20 25 30

MASS MEDIA

35 40

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ADMINISTRATION1111

O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TRIBUNAUXu:00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LEGISLATURE1111

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


111O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Korean 110 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

L6gendeMI=77.'g:aFTET

Langue

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total

Korean 78.57 68.05 146.62


Korean 20.00 20.00 40.00


Korean 20.00 20.00 40.00


Korean 15.00 9.17 24.17


Korean 5.57 2.06 7.63


Korean 4.00 4.00 8.00


Korean 4.00 5.67 9.67


Korean 5.00 2.86 7.86


Korean 5.00 4.29 9.29

10176


MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

RELIGIONDaur

Ewenki;I)

MongolianOrogen

ECOLESDaur

Ewenki siinommengsmagr garMongolian

Orogen

MASS MEDIA

DaurEwenki

Mon goli a n tilitiONSMNOMMONSIN0Orogen

ADMINISTRATIONDaur

Ewenki gEassw,Mongolian 028888gaessiggsf

Orogen ifif

LEGISLATUREDaur

Ewenki getztasw,Mongolian gmgmaggaggf

Orogen if

TRIBUNAUXDaur

Ewenki SisTi.Afamffew,.Mongol i a n Kiegsaimaisugne

Orogen if


DaurEwenki

MongolianOrogen if


Da u rEwe n k i iggsgsvan

Mongoli a n MitriatieOrogen

GLOBAL

0 40 SO 823 880 280 240 200 320

DOMAINS ttnintalainanaMONOW0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

1037 7


MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

Daur

Ewenki

Mongolian

Orogen

GLOBAL

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

RELIGION

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ECOLES

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MASS MEDIA

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ADMINISTRATION

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TRIBUNAUX

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LEGISLATURE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL


Daur 33.37 0.00 33.37

Ewenki 25.23 0.00 25.23

Mongolian 95.21 83.70 178.91

Orogen 16.96 0.00 16.96


Daur 10.00 0.00 10.00

Ewenki 10.00 0.00 10.00

Mongolian 20.00 20.00 40.00

Orogen 10.00 0.00 10.00


Daur 3.00 0.00 3.00

Ewenki 3.00 0.00 3.00

Mongolian 16.00 20.00 36.00

Orogen 0.00 0.00 0.00


Daur 5.00 0.00 5.00

Ewenki 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mongolian 20.00 11.67 31.67

Orogen 0.00 0.00 0.00


Daur 3.71 0.00 3.71

Ewenki 2.57 0.00 2.57

Mongolian 7.21 5.36 12.57

Orogen 2.29 0.00 2.29


Daur 4.00 0.00 4.00

Ewenki 4.00 0.00 4.00

Mongolian 10.00 10.00 20.00

Orogen 2.00 0.00 2.00


Daur 2.00 0.00 2.00

Ewenki 2.00 0.00 2.00

Mongolian 12.00 5.67 17.67

Orogen 2.00 0.00 2.00

105


MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE Légende

NDUSTRIESMANUFACTURIERES Langue

Mii7777*177ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit TotalDaur Daur 2.33 0.00 2.33

Ewenki Ewenki 2.33 0.00 2.33Mongolian Mongolian 5.00 5.71 10.71

Orogen Orogen 0.67 0.00 0.67

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ENTREPRISESDE VENTEs ET DE SERVICES Langue Oral Ecrit TotalDaur Daur 3.33 0.00 3.33

Ewenki Ewenki 1.33 0.00 1.33Mongolian Mongolian 5.00 5.29 10.29

Orogen Orogen 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

106

70


Q ING HAI

RELIGIONMo nguor StisSMAwrx'.=10

Salar feensagegieNnig0

ECOLESMonguor

Salar

TRIBUNAUXMonguor

Salar

LEGISLATUREMonguor 100

Solar

MASS MEDIAMonguor rias'AO

Salar

ADMINISTRATIONMonguor gmf0

Salar friO

GLOBAL 0

0 40 BO 123 160 KO 240 280 323

DOMAINE pamffoggssinaggiond0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

107 60


Monguor dr0Salar

ENTREPRISESDE VENTES ET DE SERVICESMonguor frO

Salar


QINGHAI

Monguor

Salar

Monguor

Salar

0

GLOBAL

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

RELIGION

Monguor

Salar

0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ECOLES

Monguor

Salar

Monguor

Salar

Monguor

Salar

0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MASS MEDIA

Nor0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ADMINISTRATION

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TRIBUNAUX

Monguor

Salar

Monguor

Salar

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LEGISLATURE

5 &MVO 35 40

MANUFACTURIERES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Monguor

Salar

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Légende7.7.7.7.77.7;Z:TE

ORAL ECRIT

Langue

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total

MonguorSalar

27.62

24.67

11.46

0.00

39.08

24.67


MonguorSalar

10.00

20.000.00

0.0010.00

20.00


MonguorSalar

1.00

0.004.500.00

5.500.00


MonguorSalar

0.000.00

6.670.00

6.67

0.00


MonguorSalar

4.792.00

0.000.00

4.792.00


MonguorSalar

2.67

1.33

0.000.00

2.671.33


MonguorSa tar.

4.50

0.00

0.00

0.00

4.50

0.00


MonguorSalar

2.33

0.670.00

0.002.33

0.67


MonguorSalar

2.33

0.670.29

0.00

2.620.67

109 si


SICHUAN

RELIGIONGyarong Raw41191rese

Qi a n g faternatof

ECOLESGyarong

Qiang

MASS MEDIAGyarong

Qiang

LEGISLATUREGyarong e

Qiang


GyarongQiang A0

ADMINISTRATIONGyarong

Qiang

TRIBUNAUXGyarong

Qiang lig


GyarongQiang

GLOBAL

0 10 BO I20 160 200 210 203 520

DOMAINE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ni 821


SICHUANLégende

ORAL EORIT

Gyarong

Qiang

Gyarong

Oiang

Gyarong

Qiang

Gyarong

Qiang

Gyarong

Qiang

Gyarong

Qiang

Gyarong

Qiang

0

Gyarong

Qiang

0

DEGyarong

Qiang

GLOBALLangue

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total

GyarongQiang

23.0920.09

0.000.00

23.0920.09

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

Ecrit TotalRELIGION Langue Oral

GyarongQiang

10.0010.00

0.000.00

10.0010.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


GyarongQiang

0.001.00

0.000.00

0.001.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


GyarongQiang

2.000.00

0.000.00

2.000.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


GyarongQiang

2.432.43

0.000.00

2.43

2.43

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


GyarongQiang

4.002.00

0.000.00

4.002.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


GyarongQiang

2.002.00

0.000.00

2.002.00

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40INDUSTRIES,

MANUFACTURIERES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

GyarongQiang

1.33

1.33

0.000.00

1.33

1.33

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40ENTREPRISES

VENTES ET DE SERVICES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

GyarongQiang

1.33

1.33

0.000.00

1.33

1.33

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

113


TAIWAN

RELIGIONAmis

ECO L ES

Amis

MASS MEDIAAmis

ADMINISTRATION

Amis

TRIBUNAUXAmis

LEGISLATUREAmis


Amis


Amis

115


TAIWAN

Amis

GLOBALa I I I I I I I

Légende"77.7.77277.

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL


Amis 20.00 10.00 30.00

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

Ecrit TotalRELIGION Langue Oral

Amis Amis 20.00 10.00 30.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Amis Amis 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Amis Amis 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Amis Amis 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Amis Amis 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Amis Amis 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

INDUSTRIE&MANUFACTURIERES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Amis Amis 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Amis Amis 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

117 65


XINJIANG

RELIGIONKa z a k EMESMIN$338868:400:333340Kirgiz IRSZONMANS400

Ta ji k SKSB3M9800010e0Ta tarTuva

Uygur tiONSKSMOISMSEISSiSitti8801$0800Uzbek

Xi b e eamEWBEesji

ECOL ESKazak StOKirgiz ifeaggi0===§TajikTa tarTuva

Uygur ESSUBSOMMUMS*000%040Uz be k

Xi b e 0301:000003000

KazakKirgizTajikTatarTuva

UygurUzbek

Xibe

Kaza kKirgizTajikTa tarTuva

UygurUzbek

Xibe

TRIBUNAUXKa za k 108:S00e8808is8a8i s0KirgizTajikTa tarTuva

Uygur texeSsinams00Uzbek

Xi be egitta'n

LEGISLATUREKa za k emessismassaeseasis0Kirgiz &MOWTaji kTa tarTuva

UygurUzbek

Xi be kasWs0

SelaSieeneaMISSIS:888:80

11$08:6-."="".w8381=38

ADMINISTRATION3fJIMEN-0filt

0misogeosaseeees0

analrsis001.0941 0

0 40 SO 120 1130 ZIO 240 290 320

DCMA E attagniginatta=0§§0agate0a00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

119 66


KazakKirgiz t140TajikTatarTuva

Uygur t388SUM=5518828310Uzbek

Xibe


K a za k kegg$E0Kirgiz 150

TajikTa tarTuva

Uygur emusamemoUz bek

Xibe


XINJIANG

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

GLOBAL

40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

RELIGION

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ECOLES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MASS MEDIA

,

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LégendeINT.:7`.77.77.727.7

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL


Kazak 97.50 60.13 157.63

Kirgiz 69.37 26.88 96.25

Tajik 28.52 0.50 29.02

Tatar 10.57 0.00 10.57

Tuva 1.57 0.00 1.57

Uygur 112.41 99.52 211.93

Uzbek 10.57 0.00 10.57

Xibe 44.29 42.70 86.99

TotalLangue Oral tontKazak 20.00 10.00 30.00

Kirgiz 20.00 0.00 20.00

Tajik 20.00 0.00 20.00

Tatar 10.00 0.00 10.00

Tuva 0.00 0.00 0.00

Uygur 20.00 20.00 40.00

Uzbek 10.00 0.00 10.00

Xibe 10.00 10.00 20.00


Kazak 20.00 8.00 28.00

Kirgiz 12.00 6.00 18.00

Tajik 1.00 0.00 1.00

Tatar 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tuva 1.00 0.00 1.00

Uygur 20.00 17.50 37.50

Uzbek 0.00 0.00 0.00

Xibe 8.00 10.00 18.00


Kaiak 20.00 11.67 31.67

Kirgiz 17.00 6.67 23.67

Tajik 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tatar 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tuva 0.00 0.00 0.00

Uygur 20.00 9.17 29.17

Uzbek 0.00 0.00 0.00

Xibe 8.00 6.67 14.67

121 67


XINJIANG

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe

0

ADMINISTRATION

0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TRIBUNAUX

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

LEGISLATURE

40

II5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

INDUSTRIES_MANUFACTURIERES

Kazak

Kirgiz

Tajik

Tatar

Tuva

Uygur

Uzbek

Xibe jj

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Légende41§11"70:77-7::1777..i.M

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL


Kirgiz 6.71 3.25 9.96Tajik 2.86 0.50 3.36Tatar 0.57 0.00 0.57Tuva 0.57 0.00 0.57Uygur 12.07 9.32 21.39Uzbek 0.57 0.00 0.57Xibe 6.29 3.75 10.04

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalKazak 10.00 8.00 18.00Kirgiz 4.00 4.00 8.00Tajik 2.00 0.00 2.00Tatar 0.00 0.00 0.00Tuva 0.00 0.00 0.00Uygur 10.00 10.00 20.00Uzbek 0.00 0.00 0.00Xibe 4.00 4.00 8.00


Kirgiz 7.00 2.67 9.67Tajik 0.00 0.00 0.00Tatar 0.00 0.00 0.00Tuva 0.00 0.00 0.00Uygur 15.00 11.67 26.67

Uzbek 0.00 0.00 0.00Xibe 4.00 4.00 8.00


Kirgiz 1.33 2.00 3.33

Tajik 1.33 0.00 1.33

Tatar 0.00 0.00 0.00Tuva 0.00 0.00 0.00Uygur 9.67 10.29 19.96

Uzbek 0.00 0.00 0.00Xibe 2.67 2.57 5.24

122 63


XINJIANGLégende

E=1177.17.7.7.77.7,77ORAL ECRIT

DEENTREPRISES

VENTES ET DE SERVICES Langue

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total

Kazak Kazak 3.33 2.14 5.47

Kirgiz Kirgiz 1.33 2.29 3.62

Tajik Tajik 1.33 0.00 1.33

Tatar Tatar 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tuva Tuva 0.00 0.00 0.00

Uygur Uygur 5.67 11.57 17.24

Uzbek Uzbek 0.00 0.00 0.00

Xibe Xibe 1.33 1.71 3.04

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

123

6 9


XIZANG (TIBET)

RELIGION

Cangto Monba isawrifCona Monba


Ti beta n



Tibetan

ECOLES

TRIBUNAUXCan& Monba SP!

Cona Monba argDeng 0

Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar)Ti be ta n SINGEOWS

GLOBALCanglo Monba

Cona MonbaDeng

Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar)Ti beta n

MASS MEDIACanglo Monba

Cona MonbaDeng

Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) ,

Tibetan 360000000000000acE0

ADMINISTRATIONCanglo Monba figa

Cona MonbaDeng 0

Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar)Tibetan Maingige0

LEGISLATURECanglo Monba

Cona MonbaDeng

Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 0Ti beta n 0W550MialiN$


Ca nglo MonbaCona Monba


Tibetan MAW




Tibetan Milia

125 90


XIZANG (MET)Légende

E=M1=7,7.7777-7.73.7.7ORAL ECRIT

Gang lo Monba

Cona Monba

Deng

Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar)

Tibetan

GLOBAL

TOTAL


Canglo Monba 27.00Cona Monba 26.62

Deng 12.19

Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar)13.33Tibetan 102.66

0.000.00

0.000.00

78.84

27.0026.6212.19

13.33

181.50

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320


Canglo Monba ;Canglo Monba 20.00 0.00 20.00

Cona Monba

Deng,

Cona Monba 20.00

Deng 10.00

0.000.00

20.0010.00

Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar) Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar)10.00 0.00 10.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

t CO LES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Canglo Monba 1.00 0.00 1.00Canglo Monba


Deng Deng 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar) Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 0.00 0.00 0.00Tibetan Tibetan 20.00 15.00 35.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40




Deng Deng 0.00 0.00 0.00



0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


Cangio Monba Canglo Monba 2.00 0.00 2.00


Deng Deng 0.86 0.00 0.86



10 15 20 25 30 35 40




Deng Deng 1.33 0.00 1.33



10 15 20 25 30 35 40

2791


XIZANG (TIBET) Légende"77777777

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

LEGISLATURE Langue Oral Ecrit TotalCanglo Monba Canglo Monba 2.00 0.00 2.00

Cona Monba Cona Monba 1.00 0.00 1.00Deng Deng 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar) Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 1.00 0.00 1.00Tibetan EIME Tibetan 15.00 9.67 24.67

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40




Deng Deng 0.00 0.00 0.00Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar) Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 0.00 0.00 0.00


DE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ENTREPRISESVENTES ET DE SERVICES Langue Oral Ecrit Total


Cona Monba Cona Monba 0.00 0.00 0.00Deng Deng 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lhoba(Bengni-Bogar) Lhoba (Bengni-Bogar) 0.00 0.00 0.00Tibetan mg/ Tibetan 3.33 3.14 6.47

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

92128


YUNNAN

RELIGIONAchao,1838 INF

aws,,szsztamiewscomaso

BI a as-ratrarresSrD ass^faffs'amssfs""mmssmamt4Etwaszw5mosommombutc

De'angDerung ottommutemist

HamJinpp0 sgassisEsmaggsegamagameem.n° 1888283--L-83184:sztvosszossowsszzossmsszrLahu tusssiamatmageommatazogin

LisuNazi lximmtmTBestmgtx

Nusu seteit:

Pumi tiatigtigastiitam,Va eassisimantasemastommasonattmYi iatammattematmsmatetawmtasemes

Zaiwa

EC OLESAchang

Bat I"Blang

Dal tosEstasomiDe'angDerung

AzAHam orJingpo ammiggima'sm'ari

JinoLa hu ioussisssfy.Li s u aginiematrNaxi IFNusuPurni

Vamewp

Yi ma

Zaiwa mate

MASS MEDIAAchang

BatBlang Atattamaseux

Dal NanigaMagagXDe'angDerung _smear_ j

HamJinfpo nagemata.ino &maw

La huLisuNaxi 8882111831;

NusuPumi

veYi 018888-41=a

Zaiw a anamand

ADMINISTRATIONAchang

Ba rdBI a ng easetw.

Dal tatiss4De'angDerung

HamJingpo suse-Aar?

Ji no itz,cm,La hu assms0Lisu

Nazi NogSsi#Nusu IdtP u rn i flar.

Va ..ttmlco,Yi mmtatif

Zaiwa lP

TRIBUNAUXAchang att

Bat rialMang gam"

Da I modDe'angDerung $1,1

HamJingpo

Jmno ETtit,LahuLisu fileNazi NO

NusuPumi

Va age:.,Yi maw!

Zaiwa ittati?

AchangBat

BlangDal

De'angDerung

HamJingpo

JinoLahuLisuNaziNusuPumi

VaYi

Zaiwa

LEGISLATUREAchang

Bat sitBlang

Dal triviDe'angDerung

Ham 00Jingpo arse

JinoLahuLisuNaxi 1:70NusuPucni

Va ittammw.Yi statetassiosix,

Zaiwa timire

GLOBAL

INDUSTRIESMANUFACFURIERES

Achang if;$Bat

BlangDal y.

De'angDerung

HamJingpo ate

linoLahu sedLi su es,Nazi sse

NusuPumi

VastjY i

Zaiwa


Achang ire .

Bat woofBlang 41.

Dal tieDe'ang iSDerung

HaniJingpo matoe

finoLahuLisuNazi meNusu to,Pumi

Va ESEeYi

Zaiwa kat?

129 93


YUNNAN

Achang

Bai

Blang

Dai

Deang

Derung

Hani

Jingpo

Jino

Lahu

Lisu

Naxi

Nusu

Pumi

Va

Yi

Zaiwa

Achang

Bai

Blang

Dal

De'ang

Derung

Hani

Jingpo

Jino

Lahu

Lisu

Naxi

Nusu

Pumi

Va

YI

Zaiwa

GLOBAL

:51

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

RELIGION

400.10,0.10.MW*110.01

ONNIMMOIMI****..0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Légende11"7:7.7.77.1777.77

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Langue Oral Ecrit TotalAchang 20.23 0.00 20.23

Bai 42.91 1.00 43.91

Blang 14.80 0.00 14.80

Dai 50.19 43.51 93.70

De'ang 17.43 0.00 17.43

Derung 29.95 0.00 29.95

Hani 24.69 2.00 26.69

Jingpo 53.38 46.83 100.21

Jino 15.71 0.00 15.71

Lahu 42.57 34.53 77.10

Lisu 40.59 35.42 76.01

Naxi 31.70 13.50 45.20

Nusu 14.52 0.00 14.52

Pumi 26.52 0.00 26.52

Va 39.20 28.17 67.37

Yi 60.33 44.25 104.58

Zaiwa 49.69 34.11 83.80


Achang 10.00 0.00 10.00

Bai 20.00 0.00 20.00

Blang 10.00 0.00 10.00

Dai 20.00 20.00 40.00

De'ang 10.00 0.00 10.00

Denmg 20.00 0.00 20.00

Hani 10.00 0.00 10.00

Jingpo 20.00 20.00 40.00

Jino 10.00 0.00 10.00

Lahu 20.00 20.00 40.00

Lisu 20.00 20.00 40.00

Naxi 10.00 10.00 20.00

Nusu 10.00 0.00 10.00

Pumi 20.00 0.00 20.00

Va 20.00 20.00 40.00

Yi 20.00 20.00 40.00

Zaiwa 20.00 20.00 40.00

131 94


YUNNAN Légende"77...77.7.7.777

ORAL ECRIT

ECOLES Langue

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit TotalAchang Achang 1.00 0.00 1.00

Bai Bai 0.50 1.00 1.50Blang Blang 1.00 0.00 1.00

Dai Dai 5.50 8.50 14.00Deang De'ang 1.00 0.00 1.00Derung Derung 1.00 0.00 1.00

Hani Hani 0.50 2.00 2.50Jingpo Jingpo 5.50 10.00 15.50

Jino Jino 1.00 0.00 1.00Lahu Lahu 3.00 6.00 9.00Usu Lisu 4.50 6.00 10.50Naxi Nazi 1.00 1.00 2.00

Nusu Nusu 0.00 0.00 0.00Pumi Pumi 1.00 0.00 1.00

Va Va 5.00 4.50 9.50Yi Yi 14.00 6.00 20.00

Zaiwa Zaiwa 3.50 3.50 7.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MASS MEDIA Langue Oral Ecrit TotalAchang Achang 0.00 0.00 0.00


Dai Dai 13.00 6.67 19.67De'ang De'ang 0.00 0.00 0.00Derung Derung 0.00 0.00 0.00


Jino Jino 2.00 0.00 2.00Lahu Lahu 8.00 2.50 10.50Lisu Lisu 8.00 9.17 17.17Naxi Nazi 5.00 2.50 7.50Nusu Nusu 0.00 0.00 0.00Pumi Pumi 0.00 0.00 0.00

Va Va 2.00 0.00 2.00Yi Yi 8.00 6.67 14.67

Zama Zaiwa 8.00 2.50 10.50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

9 5

132


YUNNANLégende

EIBMME7.7.7.7.7.777.7.ORAL ECRIT

ADMINISTRATION Langue

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total


Bal Bai 5.07 0.00 5.07

Blang Blang 1.14 0.00 1.14

Dai Dai 4.36 2.25 6.61

De'ang De'ang 1.43 0.00 1.43


Hani Hani 1.86 0.00 1.86


Jino Jino 0.71 0.00 0.71

Lahu Lahu 4.57 1.55 6.12

Lisu Lisu 2.43 0.25 2.68

Naxi Naxi 5.36 0.00 5.36

Nusu Nusu 1.86 0.00 1.86

Pumi Pumi 0.86 0.00 0.86

Va Va 4.21 1.00 5.21

Yi Yi 5.50 3.76 9.26

Zaiwa Zaiwa 5.36 1.50 6.86

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40



Bai Bai 4.00 0.00 4.00

Blang Blang 1.33 0.00 1.33

Dai Dai 4.00 3.33 7.33

De'ang De'ang 2.00 0.00 2.00


Hani Hani 1.33 0.00 1.33


Jino Jino 2.00 0.00 2.00

Lahu Lahu 1.33 1.33 2.66

Lisu Lisu 2.00 0.00 2.00

Naxi Naxi 2.00 0.00 2.00

Nusu Nusu 1.33 0.00 1.33

Pumi Pumi 2.00 0.00 2.00

Va Va 3.33 0.67 4.00

Yi Yi 4.00 2.00 6.00

Zaiwa Zaiwa 4.00 1.33 5.33

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1330 r.


YUNNAN LégendeMIMMIEM777-77=

ORAL ECRIT

LEGISLATURE Langue

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit TotalAchang Achang 2.00 0.00 2.00


Dai Dai 2.00 1.33 3.33Deang Deang 1.00 0.00 1.00Derung Derung 2.00 0.00 2.00


Jino Jino 0.00 0.00 0.00Lahu Lahu 2.00 2.00 4.00Lisu Lisu 1.00 0.00 1.00Nazi Naxi 3.00 0.00 3.00Nusu Nusu 0.00 0.00 0.00Pumi Pumi 0.00 0.00 0.00

Va Va 2.00 0.00 2.00Yi Yi 7.50 4.67 12.17

Zaiwa Zaiwa 5.50 2.00 7.50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

INDUSTRIESMANUFACTURERES Langue Oral Ecrit Total

Achang Achang 1.33 0.00 1.33Bai Bai 5.67 0.00 5.67

Slang Blang 0.00 0.00 0.00Dai Dai 0.00 0.86 0.86

Deang Deang 1.33 0.00 1.33Derung Derung 1.33 0.00 1.33


Jino Jino 0.00 0.00 0.00Lahu Lahu 3.00 0.29 3.29Lisu Lisu 1.33 0.00 1.33Naxi Naxi 2.67 0.00 2.67

Nusu Nusu 0.00 0.00 0.00Pumi Pumi 1.33 0.00 1.33

Va Va 1.33 0.57 1.90Yi Yi 1.33 0.86 2.19

Zaiwa Zaiwa 1.33 1.14 2.47

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

8 7

134


YUNNANLégende

111=777.7.7.7.77.777.ORAL ECRIT

DEENTREPRISES

VENTES ET DE SERVICES Langue

TOTAL

Oral tont Total


Bai Bai 5.67 0.00 5.67

Blang Blang 1.33 0.00 1.33

Dai 1 Dai 1.33 0.57 1.90

De'ang De'ang 0.67 0.00 0.67


Hani Hani 0.00 0.00 0.00

Jingpo ;i;;,:M Jingpo 3.67 2.57 6.24

Jino Jino 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lahu 1 Lahu 0.67 0.86 1.53

Lisu Lisu 1.33 0.00 1.33

Nazi Naxi 2.67 0.00 2.67

Nusu Nusu 1.33 0.00 1.33

Pumi Pumi 1.33 0.00 1.33

Va iii§ Va 1.33 1.43 2.76

Yi 1Yi 0.00 0.29 0.29

Zaiwa Zaiwa 2.00 2.14 4.14

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

135

98

PARTIE / PART4

VITALITE PAR PROVINCE IIVITALITY BY PROVINCE II

VITALITE PAR PROVINCE II (selon les langues)

GANSU

WESTERN YUGUR /YUGUR OCCIDENTAL

Religion UMWtcoles

Mass MediaAdministration Ei EASTERN YUGUR /

Tribunaux YUGUR ORIENTALLegislature 43

Ind.manufacturieres Religion BMWVentes et services 14 Ecoles

Mass MediaAdministration re

TribunauxLegislature 07.

Ind.manufacturieresVentes et services

DONGXIANGReligion

EcolesMass Media

AdministrationTribunaux 111Legislature Of

Ind.manufacturieresVentes et services gi

mandarin chinois)

BAO'ANReligion NEMO

EcolesMass Media

AdministrationTribunauxLegislature


DOMAINE USENEV,0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

3910 0

VITALITE PAR PROVINCE II (selon les longues)

GANSUL6gende

ORAL ECRIT

BAO'AN Domaine

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total

Religion Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

La les Ecoles 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mass media Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00

Administration Administration 1.43 0.00 1.43

Tribunaux Tribun aux 2.00 0.00 2.00

Legislature Legislature 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ind. manufacturieres Ind.manufacturieres 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ventes et services Ventes et services 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

DONGXIANG 'Domaine Oral Ecrit Total


Eccles Ecoles 0.00 0.00 0.00



Tribunaux Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00


Ind. manufacturieres Ind.manufacturières 0.00 0.00 0.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

EASTERN YUGUR Domaine Oral Ecrit Total


Ecoles Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00





Ind. manufacturières Ind.manufacturiere 1.33 0.00 1.33


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

WESTERN YUGUR Domaine Oral Ecrit Total









0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


GUANGDONG

SHEReligion

EcolesMass Media

AdministrationTiibunaux 60Legislature

Ind.manufacturieres 4Ventes et services

[ ...N

D°MAINE Me Ennti e0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40,

143 10 2


GUANGDONGLégende

"77:77-777-77ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

SHE Domaine Oral Ecrit Total






Législature Legislature 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ind. manufacturières Ind.manufacturieres 0.67 0.00 0.67


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1 3145

VITALITE PAR PROVINCE II (scion les longues)

GUANGXI

BUNUReligion risMato1

EcolesMass Media

Administration illTribunauxLegislature


ReligionEcoles




MAONANReligion

Ecoles 10Mass Media

Administration 0/Tribunaux

Legislature 1111Ind.manufacturieres

Ventes et services 0

ZHUANG11itenzMw0IMICOaro

HAN (mandarin i' ,--chinois)

i,.I # (yue

, ,, ,, ,I ,_., ,

,

GINReligion litt=see

EcolesMass Media



chin ois)

MIANReligion

EcolesMass Media

Administration eiTribunaux 111Legislature til

Ind.manufacturieresentes et services

ReligionEcoles




ReligionEcoles




[ N

DWAINE ineateMalatingatataitiate0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

147 104

LAKKIA

0

MULAMtass-1-63/0

0


GUANGXILégende

ORAL ECRIT

BUNU Domaine

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total


tooles Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00







0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

GIN bomaine Oral Ecrit TotalReligion Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

Eco les Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00







5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LAKKIA Domaine Oral Ecrit Total









5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MAONAN Domaine Oral Ecrit Total









0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1149 0 5

VITALITY BY PROVINCE II (by languages)

GUANGXI L6gende

MIAN Domaine

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Oral Ecrit TotalReligion Religion 0.00 0.00 0.00


Mass media Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00Administration Administration 1.57 0.00 1.57



Ind. manufacturieres Ind.manufacturieres 0.00 0.00 0.00Ventes et services Ventes et services 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MULAM Domaine Oral Ecrit TotalReligion Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

too les Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00Mass media Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00

Administration Administration 3.21 0.00 3.21Tribunaux Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00

Legislature Legislature 2.00 0.00 2.00Ind. manutacturieres Ind.manufacturieres 1.33 0.00 1.33


0

Religion

Eco les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ZHUANG Domaine Oral tont TotalReligionEcolesMass MediaAdministrationTribunauxLegislatureInd.manufacturieresVentes et services

10.00

9.508.003.792.002.001.33

2.33

0.007.506.671.06

0.001.67

0.000.00

10.00

17.0014.67

4.852.003.671.33

2.33

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

150

MIAOReligion

tcolesMass Media MI

Administration nifTribunauxLegislature

Ind.manufacturieresVentes et services 115


GUIZHOU

GELAOReligion geggi=g0

EcolesMass Media



ISO

ReligionEcoles



Ind.rnanufacturieresVentes et services

BUYEI

ISMOgame

10

0

is

SUIReligion

EcolesMass Media

Administration jgdTribunaux

LegislatureInd.manufacturieres

Ventes et services

DOMAINS MASSUSWEASUMUNaM00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

151 1.07

ReligionEcoles



Ind. ma nufacturieresVentes et services

DONG

isgsrerAnt

tiO


GUIZHOULégende

ORAL ECRIT

BUYEI Domaine

TOTAL

Oral tont Total

ReligionReligion 20.00 0.00 20.00

EcolesEGO les 6.50 2.50 9.00

Mass mediaMass Media 2.00 0.00 2.00





Ventes et servicesVentes et services 1.33 0.00 1.33

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

DONG Domaine Oral Lilt Total








Ventes et services Ventes et services 0.67 0.00 067

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

GELAO Domaine Oral tont Total




Administration Administra tion 1.43 0.00 1.43





0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MIAO Domaine Oral tont Total







Ind. manufacturikes Ind.manufacturieres 1.33 0.00 1.33


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


GUIZHOU Légende

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

SUI Domaine Oral Ecrit TotalReligion Religion 20.00 0.00 20.00

ter) les Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00Mass media Mass Media 2.00 0.00 2.00

Administration Administration 3.43 0.00 3.43Tribunaux Tribunaux 1.33 0:00 1.33

Legislature Legislature 1.00 0.00 1.00Ind. manufacturières Ind.manufacturieres 1.33 0.00 1.33


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

154


HAINAN

Religion §R§Naltcoles

Mass MediaAdministration 0

TribunauxLegislature ig

Ind.manufacturières 0Ventes et services §I

DOMAINE ex4mwm*a}:*390 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

155 / 0


HAINANORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

LI Domaine Oral Ecrit Total


&des ter) les 1.00 0.00 1.00





Ind. manufacturieresInd.manufacturieres 1.33 0.00 1.33


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

157 iii


HEILONGJIANG

HEZHENReligion

EcolesMass Media


Ind.manufa cturièresVentes et services

ReligionEcoles



Ind.manufacturièresVentes et services

DOMAINE x444"4F0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

159 112


HEILONGJIANGLégende

M7.7.7.777.7.72.77ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

HEZHEN Domaine Oral Lilt Total




AdministrationAdministration 1.43 0.00 1.43

TribunauxTribunaux 1.33 0.00 1.33

LegislatureLegislature 0.00 0.00 0.00



0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MANCHU Domaine Oral Ecrit Total


Eco lesEcoles 0.00 0.00 0.00


AdministrationAdministration 0.29 0.25 0.54



Ind. manufacturibresInd.manufacturières 0.00 0.00 0.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

161


HUNAN

TUTIAReligion ISMOR80

EcolesMass Media

AdministrationTribunaux

LegislatureInd. manufacturieres

Ventes et services

DOMAINE kataanSigageaStaNgittatini#0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

163 114


HUNAN Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

TUJIA Domaine Oral Lilt Total


too les Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00







0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

115165


JILIN

KOREAN / COREENReligion

EcolesMass Media igemmagguainfi

Administration rigallTribunaux ..$

Legislature Ina 13"vInd. manufacturières fMl

Ventes et services

mon ol/Mongolian __--(v. Mo golie-Intériptiie)

/( HAN,\ (mandarin chinois)

,

,

"w44246g4"""m*"270DOMAINE Egg=EMAMMINZENn0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1

167 116


JILIN

Religion

&desMass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

KOREAN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

169

Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Domaine Oral Lilt TotalReligion 20.00 20.00 40.00

Eco les 20.00 20.00 40.00Mass Media 15.00 9.17 24.17

Administration 5.57 2.06 7.63

Tribunaux 4.00 4.00 8.00

Legislature 4.00 5.67 9.67

Ind.manufacturieres 5.00 2.86 7.86

Ventes et services 5.00 4.29 9.29

117


MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

EWENKI / EVENKIReligion

EcolesMass Media



Ventes et services

Religioncoles



Ind. manufacturieresVentes et services

:MVO

fro

ReligionEcoles




MONGOUAN/MONGOL

azzanwasstatemstaemmoni4imalmmmai0ialgittweam0Nimum0mgatmil

[ 10.....w....,-,.........,...,

DOMAINE I

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

n 118

Religiontcoles




OROQENiiranire§A#


MONGOLIE-INTERIEURE

Religion

Eco les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Eco les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Eco les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Ecoles

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

DAUR

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

EWENKI

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MONGOLIANTillNri*TISFIRMin

IMMONIMONN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

OROQEN

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Légende":77.7.7.7.7.7.717

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL

Domaine Oral Ecrit Total

Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

Ecoles 3.00 0.00 3.00

Mass Media 5.00 0.00 5.00


Tribunaux 4.00 0.00 4.00


Ind.manufacturières 2.33 0.00 2.33



Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

&Wes 3.00 0.00 3.00

Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00


Tribunaux 4.00 0.00 4.00





Religion 20.00 20.00 40.00

top les 16.00 20.00 36.00

Mass Media 20.00 11.67 31.67


Tribunaux 10.00 10.00 20.00

Legislature 12.00 5.67 17.67




Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

Eco les 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00


Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00




173 119


QINGHAI

MONGUORReligion

Ecoles 11

Mass Media MOAdministration CO

TribunauxLegislature AO

Ind. manufacturieresVentes et services Ni9

mongol/Mongolian \(v. Mongolie-Interieure)

HAN(mandarin chinois)

tibétain/Tibetan(v. Xizang)

Religiontoo les



Ind. manufacturieres 13,1Ventes et services PI

[ DOMAINE

'N

Manninne0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40}

175 120

SALAR


QINGHAILégende

ORAL SORT

MONGUOR Domaine

TOTAL

Oral tont Total


Ecoles goo les 1.00 4.50 5.50







0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

SALAR Domaine Oral Ecrit Total


too les Eco les 0.00 0.00 0.00







0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

121177


SICHUAN

ReligionEcoles




QIANG

Itonemrswe

110

GYARONGReligion

EcolesMass Media Id

Administration 6-0Tribunaux

Legislature pInd. manufacturieres

Ventes et services

tibétain /Tibetan '(v. Xizang) fs'

(mandarin chinois)

[DOMAINE '13

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

179 122


SICHUANLégende

GYARONG Domaine

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Oral Ecrit Total


Eno les Ecoles 0.00 0.00 0.00







0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

QIANG Domaine Oral Ecrit Total









0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

181

123


TAIWAN

(hakka chinois)

HAN(mandarin chinois),

(min nanchinois)

1 83

124

AMISReligion giaMM=MM

EcolesMass Media



Vente et services


TiawANLégende

:7117.7.77717.

AMISDomaine

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Oral Ecrit Total


too les Ecoles 0.00 0.00 0.00





Ind. manufacturieres Ind.manufacturières 0.00 0.00 0.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1251 85


XINJIANG

ReligionEcoles



Ind. manufacturièresVentes et services

ReligionEcoles




ReligionEcoles




1-TATAR 2-TUVA /TOUVA

ReligionEcoles




3-UZBEOUZBEK

Religion ggeig=a0Ecoles

Mass MediaAdministration pi



ReligionEcoles




KIRGIZ / KIRGHIZ(ssionamesta0"00kmgagaf$oasuni0EMO

gto

XIBE

MAGNAMINAMyji0fltaMstgASIXMI0lig0=04=§0

16:=10rsir0

KAZAK/KAZAKHReligion

EcolesMass Media



TAJIK / TADJIKmovusteagnansi Religion

EcolesMass Media


LegislatureInd. manufacturieres msgegagsgm$0

Ventes et services Amp§piiitatioli

wanassaavammagenetamegmammaasistoismaxampenessaiswimanasigatsg0WEMEL__gaztagswAsagssuoft_Noveno

UYGUR / OUIG OUR

ro-rmegomeosogmoimarnmesisegg

DC"A"E taatttninEENANEMMUNNOMOo 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1 87 i26

0


XINJIANG

Religion

too les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

too les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature

Ind. manufacturières

Ventes et services

Religion

too les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

too les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

KAZAK

7777:::::::::i:::::i::.::-.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

KIRGIZ

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TAJIK

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TATAR

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Légende

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT


Religion 20.00 10.00 30.00

Ecoles 20.00 8.00 28.00

Mass Media 20.00 11.67 31.67


Tribunaux 10.00 8.00 18.00

Legislature 15.00 11.67 26.67




Religion 20.00 0.00 20.00

Ecoles 12.00 6.00 18.00

Mass Media 17.00 6.67 23.67


Tribunaux 4.00 4.00 8.00

Legislature 7.00 2.67 9.67'

Ind.manufacturière 1.33 2.00 3.33



Religion 20.00 0.00 20.00

Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00

Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00


Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00





Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

Ecoles 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00


Tribunaux 0.00 0.00 0.00




18912 7


XINJIANG

Religion

Eco les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Ecoles

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Ecoles

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Ecoles

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

TUVA

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

UYGUR

110001011,1NRININIK

0 5 10 15 20 25

UZBEK

Légende

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Domaine Oral Ecrit TotalReligion 0.00 0.00 0.00Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00Administration 0.57 0.00 0.57Tribunaux 0.00 0.00 0.00Legislature 0.00 0.00 0.00Ind.manufacturières 0.00 0.00 0.00Ventes et services 0.00 0.00 0.00

Domaine Oral Ecrit TotalReligion 20.00 20.00 40.00

Ecoles 20.00 17.50 37.50Mass Media 20.00 9.17 29.17Administration 12.07 9.32 21.39Tribunaux 10.00 10.00 20.00Legislature 15.00 11.67 26.67Ind.manufacturieres 9.67 10.29 19.96


30 35 40


Ecoles 0.00 0.00 0.00Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00Administration 0.57 0.00 0.57Tribunaux 0.00 0.00 0.00Legislature 0.00 0.00 0.00Ind.manufacturieres 0.00 0.00 0.00Ventes et services 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

XIBE

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


too les 8.00 10.00 18.00

Mass Media 8.00 6.67 14.67


Tribunaux 4.00 4.00 8.00Legislature 4.00 4.00 8.00Ind.manufacturières 2.67 2.57 5.24Ventes et services 1.33 1.71 3.04

1190

28


XIZANG (TIBET)

ReligionEcoles


TribunauxLegislature manswasuzgoi

Ind. manufacturieres 71.1.70Ventes et services

TIBETAN / TIBETAIN

0

t0

CANGLO MONBAReligion

Ecoles ft9Mass Media

Administration tr0Tribunaux

LegislatureeInd.

manufacturieresVentes et services

CONA MONBA LHOBA

ReligionEcoles 0


TribunauxLegislature 10

Ind. manufacturieres 0Ventes et services

Religion Mg la"-0Ecoles


Tribunaux trgLegislature t$


DOMAINE ankatatmaMMaltaaS0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

191 1 2 9

DENGReligion la=6010

EcolesMass Media

Administration 10Tribunaux


Ventes et services


XIZANG (TIBET)Légende

M7:77:777:77.ORAL

CANGLO MONBA Domaine

TOTAL

Oral Ecrit Total







Ind. manufacturièresInd.manufacturieres 0.00 0.00 0.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

CONA MON BA Domaine Oral Ecrit Total









0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 .

DENG Domaine Oral Ecrit Total









0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LHOBA(BENGNI-BOGAR) Domaine Oral Ecrit Total


Eno les Ecoles 0.00 0.00 0.00







0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40


XIZANG (TIBEr)

Religion

Eco les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

TIBETAN

mosimpo.ii:

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1311 94

Légende

ECRITORAL

TOTAL

Domaine Oral Ecrit TotalReligion 20.00 20.00 40.00Ecoles 20.00 15.00 35.00Mass Media 20.00 9.17 29.17Administration 11.00 6.57 17.57

Tribunaux 10.00 10.00 20.00Legislature 15.00 9.67 24.67Ind.manufacturières 3.33 5.29 8.62Ventes et services 3.33 3.14 6.47


YIJNNAN

1-ACHANGReligion Ia

EcolesMass Media

Administration 60TribunauxLegislature fir$

Ind. manufacturieres 110Ventes et services

3-BLANGReligion latiallaSil40

co les 0Mass Media

Administration illTribunaux

LegislatureInd. manufacturières


ReligionEcoles




ReligionEcoles




ReligionEcoles




ReligionEcoles




ReligionEcoles




ReligionEcoles




ReligionEcoles




7-HANI

9-JINO

2-BAItamemMommes0

itste0

4-DAIfaux fgenattosavenstarmilfittuemmgtoggsattgenne00tattritoistaTC(0ors Religion

EcolesMass Media



Ventes et services

5-DE'ANGogger-010

fe

0Tibetan (v. Xizang)

I I1 II

13

1

17 5

1 O-LAHU

12-NAXI

2 I,

--$I 1

I

HAN'(inandarin4

15 4,,

1

13-NUSU

14

16

chinois)

; 7

eggawastismin0 Religion egs=1Ecoles

f2=0110 Mass Media11W0 Administration rip

Tribunaux (01Legislature

lezi Ind. manufacturieresVentes et services gi

16- Y IgagimmwessommostutagolimmE0ame0mum&'ENOoMs4msi

ReligionEcoles




6-DERUNGawassammas0

frO

8-JINGPOReligion iMEMISMIEMNIMMOSO

Eco lesMass Media ffilte/0

Administration talsugg0Tribunaux 1§M,Legislature t0g00

Ind. manufacturièresVentes et services tatio0

ReligionEcoles




11-LISU

ka:0=0asio

14-PUMIReligion 04S0SMOgit410 Religion

EcolesMass Media

Administration i0Tribunaux fsig



DC" A IN E lagaSgatigaggeningatigtagN0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 401

195 132

EcolesMass Media



Ventes et services

15-VAstazawszassumesstasvamottaMigo

17-ZAIWAReligion ,SVMMinntgaiMENMSW

EcolesMa ss Media ARMIN0

AdministrationTribunauxLegislature gra

Ind. manufacturièresVentes et servicese


YUNNAN

Religion

Ecoles

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Eco les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Eco les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Ems les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

ACHANG

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

BAI

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

BLANG

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

DAI

a:ma

1

Légende

ORAL ECRIT

TOTAL


Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00

Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00


Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00




35 40


Religion 20.00 0.00 20.00

Eco les 0.50 1.00 1.50

Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00


Tribunaux 4.00 0.00 4.00




35 40


Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

Eck les 1.00 0.00 1.00

Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00


Tribunaux 1.33 0.00 1.33



Ventse et services 1.33 0.00 1.33

35 40

Domaine Oral tont Total

Religion 20.00 20.00 40.00

Ecoles 5.50 8.50 14.00

Mass Media 13.00 6.67 19.67


Tribunaux 4.00 3.33 7.33




0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

133197


YUNNAN

Religion

Eco les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Endes

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Endes

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

too les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

0

0

m

Légende

DE'ANG Domaine

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Oral Ecrit TotalReligion 10.00 0.00 10.00Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00Administration 1.43 0.00 1.43Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00Legislature 1.00 0.00 1.00Ind.manufacturieres 1.33 0.00 1.33Ventes et services 0.67 0.00 0.67

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

DERUNG Domaine Oral Ecrit TotalReligion 20.00 0.00 20.00Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00Administration 2.29 0.00 2.29Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00Legislature 2.00 0.00 2.00Ind.manufacturieres 1.33 0.00 1.33Ventes et services 1.33 0.00 1.33

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

HANI Domaine Oral Lit TotalReligion 10.00 0.00 10.00Eco les 0.50 2.00 2.50Mass Media 8.00 0.00 8.00Administration 1.86 0.00 1.86

Tribunaux 1.33 0.00 1.33

Legislature 3.00 0.00 3.00Ind.manufacturieres 0.00 0.00 0.00Ventes et services 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

JINGPO

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Domaine Oral Ecrit TotalReligionEcolesMass MediaAdministrationTribunauxLegislatureInd.manufacturièresVentes et services

198 i3

20.00 20.00 40.005.50 10.00 15.50

8.00 6.67 14.67

5.71 2.55 8.26

4.00 1.33 5.334.50 2.00 6.502.00 1.71 3.71

3.67 2.57 6.24


YIJNNAN

Religion

Ecoles

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

Religion

Ecoles

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

0 5 10

Légende

JINO Domaine

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Oral Ecrit Total

Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00

Mass Media 2.00 0.00 2.00


Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00




15 20 25 30 35 40

LAHU Domaine Oral Lit Total

Religion 20.00 20.00 40.00

Ecoles 3.00 6.00 9.00

Mass Media 8.00 2.50 10.50


Tribunaux 1.33 1.33 2.66




0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

LISU Domaine Oral Ecrit Total




Administration Adminiswation 2.43 0.25 2.68

Tribunaux Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00Legislature Legislature 1.00 0.00 1.00



Religion

Ecoles

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

NAXI Domaine Oral Ecrit Total

Religion 10.00 10.00 20.00

Ecoles 1.00 1.00 2.00

Mass Media 5.00 2.50 7.50


Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00




0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

199i 3 5


YUNNAN Légende

NUSUDomaine

ORAL

TOTAL

ECRIT

Oral Ecrit TotalReligion Religion 10.00 0.00 10.00

Eco les Ecoles 0.00 0.00 0.00Mass media Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00

Administration Administration 1.86 0.00 1.86Tribunaux Tribunaux 1.33 0.00 1.33

Legislature Legislature 0.00 0.00 0.00Ind. manufacturières Ind.manufacturieres 0.00 0.00 0.00


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

PUMIDomaine Oral Ecrit Total

Religion Religion 20.00 0.00 20.00Eco les Ecoles 1.00 0.00 1.00

Mass media Mass Media 0.00 0.00 0.00Administration Administration 0.86 0.00 0.86

Tribunaux Tribunaux 2.00 0.00 2.00Legislature Legislature 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ind. manufacturières Ind.manufacturieres 1.33 0.00 1.33Ventes et services Ventes et services 1.33 0.00 1.33

Religion

too les

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature


Ventes et services

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

VADomaine Oral Ecrit TotalReligionEcolesMass MediaAdministrationTribunauxLegislatureInd.manufacturieresVentes et services

20.00

5.00

2.00

4.21

3.33

2.00

1.33

1.33

20.00

4.500.00

1.00

0.67

0.00

0571.43

40.00

9.50

2.00

5.21

4.00

2.00

1.90

2.76

Religion

Ecoles

Mass media

Administration

Tribunaux

Legislature

Ind. manufacturitires

Ventes et services

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

VIDomaine Oral Ecrit TotalReligion 20.00 20.00 40.00

Ecoles 14.00 6.00 20.00

Mass Media 8.00 6.67 14.67


Tribunaux 4.00 2.00 6.00




10 15 20 25 30 35 40

200 136


YUNNANLégende

ORAL ecRir

TOTAL

ZAIWA Domaine Oral Ecrit Total







Ind. manufactuderes Ind.manufacturières 1.33 1.14 2.47


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

14 7201

IndexDomaines / Domains *Global7, 9, 15, 17, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121,

125, 127, 129, 131, 175, 179, 183, 187, 191, 195

Religion7, 9, 11, 21, 23, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83,85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117,

121, 125, 127, 129, 131, 139, 143, 147, 151, 155, 159, 163, 167, 171, 175, 179, 183, 187, 191, 195

Ecoles

7, 9, 11, 27, 29, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117,

121, 125, 127, 129, 132, 139, 143, 147, 151, 155, 159, 163, 167, 171, 175, 179, 183, 187, 191, 195

Mass medias7, 9, 11, 33, 35, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 121,

125, 127, 129, 132, 139, 143, 147, 175, 179, 183, 187, 191, 195

Administration

7, 9, 11, 39, 41, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 122,

125, 127, 129, 133, 139, 143, 147, 175, 179, 183, 187, 191, 195

Tribunaux7, 9, 11, 45, 47, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 82, 83, 86, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 122,

125, 127, 129, 133, 139, 143, 147, 175, 179, 183, 187, 191, 195

Legislature

7, 9, 11, 51, 53, 71, 73, 75, 77, 82, 83, 86, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 122,

125, 128, 129, 134, 139, 143, 147, 175, 179, 183, 187, 191, 195

Industries manufacturieres7, 9, 11, 57, 59, 71, 74, 75, 77, 79, 82, 83, 86, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 106, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 122,

125, 128, 129, 134, 139, 143, 147

Entreprises de ventes et de services

7, 9, 11, 63, 65, 71, 75, 77, 79, 82, 83, 86, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 103, 106, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 123,

125, 128, 129, 135, 139, 143, 147

Provinces / Provinces *

Gansu

17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 73, 139, 141

Guangdong

17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 75, 77, 143, 145

Guangxi

17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 79, 81, 147, 149

Guizhou

17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 83, 85, 151, 153

Hainan

17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 87 89, 155, 157

Heilongjiang

17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 91, 93, 159, 161

Hunan

18, 24, 29, 36, 41, 47, 54, 60, 66, 95, 97, 163, 165

Jilin

18, 24, 29, 36, 41, 47, 54, 60, 66, 99, 101, 167, 169

Mongolie-Intérieure

18, 24, 29, 36, 41,

Qinghai

18, 24, 29, 36, 41,

Sichuan

18, 24, 29, 36, 41,

Taiwan

18, 24, 29, 36, 41

Xinjiang

18, 24, 29, 36, 41

Xizang (Tibet)

19, 25, 31, 37, 43

Yunnan

19, 25, 31, 37, 43

203 138

47, 54, 60, 66, 103, 105, 171, 173

47, 54, 60, 66, 107, 109, 175, 177

47, 54, 60, 66, 111, 113, 179, 181

, 47, 54, 60, 66, 115, 117, 183, 185

, 47, 54, 60, 66, 119 , 121, 187, 189

, 49, 55, 61, 67, 125, 127, 191, 193

, 49, 55, 61, 67, 129, 131, 195, 197

Langues / LanguagesAchang 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51,

55, 57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195,

197

Amis 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 45, 48, 51, 54, 63, 66, 115,

117, 183, 185

Bai 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55, 57,

61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 197

Boa'an 15, 17, 21, 23, 27, 29, 33, 35, 39, 41, 45, 47, 51, 53,

57, 59, 63, 65, 71, 73, 74, 139, 141

Blang 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 197

Bunu 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 33,

65, 79, 81, 82, 147, 149

35, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63,

Buyei 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 33, 36, 39, 41, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57,

59, 63, 65, 83, 85, 86, 151, 153

Canglo Monba 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49,

51, 55, 57, 61, 63, 67, 125, 127, 128, 191, 193

Cona Monba 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 47,

51, 55, 57, 61, 63, 67, 125, 127, 128, 191, 193

Dai 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55, 57,

61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 197

Daur 15, 17, 21, 24, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57,

60, 63, 66, 103, 105, 106, 171, 173

Deng 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 125, 127, 128, 191, 193

De'ang 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 198

Derung 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 198

Dong 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 39, 41, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63,

65, 83, 85, 86, 151, 153

Dongxiang 15, 17, 21, 23, 27, 29, 33, 35, 39, 41, 45, 47,

51, 53, 57, 59, 63, 65, 71, 73, 74, 139, 141

Ewenki / Evenki 15, 17, 21, 24, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48,

51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 103, 105, 106, 171, 173

Gelao 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 39, 41, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63,

65, 83, 85, 8, 151, 153

GM 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63, 65, 79,

81, 82, 147, 149

Gyarong 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57,

60, 63, 66, 111, 113, 179, 181, 195, 198

Hakka 155, 183

Han 5, 7, 9, 11, 139, 143, 147, 151, 155, 159,

163, 167, 171, 175, 179, 183, 187

Hani 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135

Hezhen 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 33, 35, 39, 41, 45, 47, 51, 53,

57, 59, 63, 65, 91, 93, 159, 161

Jingpo 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 198

JMo 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 199

Kazak / Kazakh 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45,

48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 119, 121, 122, 123, 187, 189

Kirgiz / Kirghiz 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45,

48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 119, 121, 122, 123, 187, 18

Korean / Corden 15, 17 , 24, 30, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57,

60, 63, 66, 99, 101, 167, 169

Lahu 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 199

Lakkia 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63, 65,

79, 81, 82, 147, 149

Lhoba 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 125, 127, 128, 191, 193

Li 15, 17, 21, 29, 33, 35, 39, 41, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63,

65, 87, 89, 155, 157

Lisu 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55, 57, 61,

63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 199

Manchu / Mandchou 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 33, 35, 39, 41, 45,

47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63, 65, 91, 93, 159, 161

Maonan 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63, 65,

79, 81, 82, 147, 149

Mian 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63, 65, 79,

81, 82, 147, 150

Miao 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 39, 41, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63,

65, 83, 85, 86, 151, 153

204 .0

Min Nan 143, 183

Mongolian / Mongol 15, 17, 21, 24, 30, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51,

54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 103, 105, 106, 167, 171, 173, 175

Monguor 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51,

54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 107, 109, 175, 177

Mulam 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 45, 47,51, 53, 57, 59, 63, 65,

79, 81, 82, 147, 150

Naxi 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 199

Nusu 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 200

Orogen 15, 17, 21, 24, 30, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60,

63, 66, 103, 105, 106, 171, 173

Pumi 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 200

Qiang 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60,

63, 66, 111, 113, 179, 181

Salar 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54,

57, 60, 63, 66, 75, 77, 107, 109, 177, 175

She 15, 17, 21, 29, 33, 35, 39, 41, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59,

63, 65, 143, 145

Sui 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 39,41,45,47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63,

65, 83, 85, 86, 151, 154

Tajik / Tadjik 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48,

51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 119, 121, 122, 123, 187, 189

Tatar 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54,

57, 60, 63, 66, 119, 121, 122, 123, 187, 189

Tibetan / Tibetain 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45,

49, 51, 55, 57, 61, 63, 67, 191, 125, 127, 128, 175, 179,

194

Tujia 15, 17, 21, 24, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57,

60, 63, 66, 95, 97, 163, 165

Tuva / Touva 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48,

51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 119, 121, 122, 123, 187, 190

Uygur / OuIgour 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45,

48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 119, 121, 122, 123, 187, 190

Uzbek / Ouzbek 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45,

48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 119, 121, 122, 123, 187, 190

Va 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 51, 55, 57, 61, 63,

67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 200

Xiang 147

Xibe 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54,

57, 60, 63, 66, 119, 121, 122, 123, 187, 190

Yi 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55, 57,

61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 200

Yue 143,147Yugur, Western / Yugur occidental 15, 17, 21, 23, 27, 29,

33, 35, 39, 41, 45, 47, 51, 53, 59, 63, 65, 71, 73, 74,

139, 141

Yugur, Eastern / Yugur oriental 15, 17, 21, 23, 27, 29, 33,

35, 39, 41, 45, 47, 51, 53, 59, 63, 65, 71, 73, 74, 139,

141

Zaiwa 15, 17, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 55,

57, 61, 63, 67, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 195, 200

Zhuang 15, 17, 21, 27, 29, 45, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59, 63, 65,

79, 81, 82, 147, 150, 195, 200

* Les chiffres en caracteres gras se referent aux titres et aux sous-titres de page /Figures inbold print refer to page titles and subtitles

205 140

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140p. · DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 421 894 FL 025 400. AUTHOR McConnell, Grant D., Ed.; Gendron,...

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Transcript of 140p. · DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 421 894 FL 025 400. AUTHOR McConnell, Grant D., Ed.; Gendron,...