BIO:

http://www.islamonline.net/livedialogue/english/Guestcv.asp?hGuestID=z3o6bY

Biography of Mustafa Ceric

DATE OF BIRTH: February 5, 1952 PLACE OF BIRTH: Visoko, Bosnia MARITAL STATUS: Married, with three children

LANGUAGES: Bosnian, Arabic, English Knowledge of Turkish, German and French

EDUCATION:

· Comprehensive School in Veliko Cajno, Visoko, Bosnia-Herzegovina (Grammar School) · Gazi Husrevbegova Medresa of Sarajevo, 1974 (Islamic High School) · University of Azhar, Cairo (Faculty of Arabic Language and Literature) Graduation, 1978 (B.M.) · University of Chicago, Ph. D., June 1987. Dissertation: A Study of the Theology of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (ca. 235/850-333/944). Mentor Fazlur Rahman.

WORK EXPERIENCE:

· Imam Islamic Cultural Center, Northbrook, Chicago, 1981 · Lecturer American Islamic College, Chicago, 1985 · Grand Imam Islamic Center of Zagreb, 1986 · Lecturer Faculty of Islamic Theology, Sarajevo, 1987 · Editor Islamic Symposium of Islamic Center of Zagreb, 1988 · Associate Professor International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, Kuala Lumpur, 1991 · Full Professor International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, Kuala Lumpur, 1992 · Raisu-l-ulama (The Supreme Head) of the Islamic Community in Bosnia-Herzegovina (the Highest Post for Islamic Affairs); Elected on April 28, 1993

PUBLICATIONS IN ENGLISH:

· Roots of Synthetic Theology in Islam: A Study of the Theology of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (ca. 235/850-333/944), ISTAC, KUALA LUMPUR, 1995 · "A Choice Between War and Peace", New Sunday Times, January 5, 1992, Kuala Lumpur

PUBLICATIONS IN BOSNIAN:

· "Ljudsko pona?anje izme?u teorije i prakse" (Human Behavior in Theory and Practice), Preporod, 1987 · "El-Maturidi, zivot i djelo" (al-Maturidi: Life and Works), Glasnik, 1987 · "Islamska teologija" (Islamic Theology) Opca enciklopedija Jugoslovenskog leksikografskog zavoda >Miroslav Krleza< -Dopunsko izdanje A-Z, Zagreb, 1988 · "Prenetalna medicina i humana genetika" (Prenatal Medicine And Human Genetics), Preporod, 1988 · "Medicina i islam" (Medicine and Islam), Preporod, 1988 · "Islamski koncept zivota" (Islamic Concept of Life), Preporod, 1988 · "Ljudski zivot" (Human Life), Preporod, 1988 · "Kontracepcija, sterilizacija i abortus" (Contraception, Sterilization and Aborts), Preporod, 1988 · "Refleksije o porijeklu i razvoju sufizma" (Reflections on the Origin and Development of Sufism), Zbornik radova prvog simpozija Zagrebacke dzamije 1408/1988, Published 1989 · "Zivot, zdravlje i bolest nerodenog djeteta" (Islamski stav) (Life, Health and Disease of Unborn Child (Islamic View)), Anali, Opca bolnica >Dr. Josip Kalfe?<<, Zagreb, 1989 · "Suvremena duhovna kretanja u islamskom svijetu" (Contemporary Spiritual Movements in Islamic World) Zbornik radova drugog simpozija Zagrebacke dzamije 1409/1989, Published 1990 · "Ebu Mensur el-Maturidi: glavna djela o fikhu, tefsiru i kelamu" (Abu Mansur al Maturidi: Main Works on Fiqh, Tafsir and Kalam), Zbornik radova 3, Islamski teolo?ki fakultet u Sarajevu, 1990 · "Autoritet u Islamu" (Authority in Islam), Preporod, 1990 · "Islam izme?u religije i nacije" (Islam Between Religion and Nationality), Glasnik, 1991

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND LECTURES:

· "Palestine and Justice: the Next Phase", Forth Annual Commemoration for the Victims of the Sabra-Shatila Massacres, September 16-18, 1982; Palestine Human Rights Campaign: National Conference, Chicago, September 19-20, 1986, · "International Educational Conference on Muslim educational System: Goals and Orientation", Aligarh Muslim University Alumni Association of Greater Chicago and Muslim Community Center, Chicago, October 22, 1988. · "Current Issues in the Islamic World", Wabash College Religion Department, Crawfordsville, Indianapolis, March 27, 1990 · "Muslim Unity in the unity of Islamic Belief of Tawhid", al-Durus al-Hasaniyyah Held

During the Month of Ramadan at the Palace and in the Presence of His Majesty King Hasan II, the King of Marocco, Ramadan, 1411/1991 · "Muslims in Yugoslavia: Present and Future", King Faisal Center for Islamic Research and Studies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, March 16, 1992 · "Islamic is mercy (Rahmah) to Mankind", The 2nd International Seminar on al-Qur'an at Dewan Muktamar, Pusat Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, February 27-28, 1992 · The Millennium World Peace Summit of Religious and Spiritual Leaders, United Nations, New York, August 28, 2000 · World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland, 28-31 January 2001

DIPLOMATIC ACTIVITIES:

· A member of the Bosnian official presidential delegation to Saudi Arabia that held talks with His Majesty King Fahd ibn Abdul Aziz in March, 1992 · A member of the Bosnian official presidential delegation to the Islamic Republic of Iran that held talks with his Excellency President Rafsanjani in October, 1992 · Special Representative of the President of the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina Mr. Alija Izetbegovic in Malaysia, in 1992 · Official Representative of the Government of the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, in Malaysia, from May 13, 1992 · As the Supreme Head have represented the Islamic Community and Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina all over the world, since 1993

MEMBERSHIPS:

· European Council for Fatwa and Research, Dublin; · Board of Trustees, International Islamic University, Islamabad; · Inter-religious Council of Bosnia- Herzegovina, Sarajevo; · Executive Board of the Foundation for Srebrenica/Potocari Memorial and Cemetery, Sarajevo · Honorary President of the WCRP International, New York · Comoderator of the WCRP European Religious Leaders Council, Paris

SUMMARY:

:

From The Nation, 2003: In his speeches, Ceric has been known to quote the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi as often as he cites the Koran. He has also led calls for an "Islamic avant-garde" to promote human rights and

democracy; frequently celebrates the historic and spiritual links among Islam, Christianity and Judaism; and implores Muslims to be careful about using words like "jihad." To Muslims, Ceric says, the word "may mean many good things, but to non-Muslims it means only one thing: violent actions against their faith." For Bosnian Muslims to live among other religions in a small country, he says, is a sign of strength rather than weakness. "I believe neither the weak nor the aggressive will inherit the earth, but the cooperative," Ceric said in a 2001 speech in Vienna titled "Islam Against Terrorism." Ceric is about as tolerant and ecumenical as religious leaders come.

According to the website of the Clinton Global Initiative, “Dr. Mustafa Ceric is the Raisu-l-Ulama of Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Grand Mufti of Bosnia since 1993. He is also the Grand Mufti of Sanjak, Croatia and Slovenia. He served as an imam in Chicago and Croatia and professor in Bosnia, Malaysia, and the U.S. He is the co-recipient of the 2003 UNESCO Felix Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize for Contribution to World Peace and recipient of the International Council of Christians and Jews Annual Sir Sternberg Award for exceptional contribution to interfaith understanding. He has delivered numerous lectures and led several workshops on inter-religious and interfaith issues at local and international conferences. Dr. Ceric is a member of several scientific organizations and societies, including the Inter-religious Council of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Council of 100 Leaders of the World Economic Forum, the European Council for Fatwas and Research, and the World Conference of Religions for Peace”.

Ceric, along with Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad bin Talal of Jordan and Shaykh Al-Habib Ali Zain Al-Abidin Al-Jifri of the United Arab Emirates wrote an open letter called “"A Common Word Between Us and You” in October, 2007, in which they spoke of the need for open dialogue and respect between Islamic and Christian voices.

From Jihad Watch, 2005: Ceric has never left any doubts about his deep roots in the liberal Bosnian Islamic tradition. But the fact that he does not shy away from maintaining close contacts with the Salafit camp, including one-time Osama bin Laden mentor Sheikh Salman al-Auda from Saudi Arabia, has drawn criticism. "Totally unfounded," says Ceric: "We are only interested in opening ourselves as an Islamic society."Sure enough, he recently even allowed a woman and her film crew to enter the King Fahd Mosque.”

From a 2005 interview with Ceric in London (http://www.angelfire.com/hi/nazam/Aceric.html):

Will Bosnia remain a secular state or develop into a theocracy ? As far as Islam is concerned, all countries belong to one of the following categories: Dar al-Islam, Dar al-Harb or Dar as-Sulh . Each and every Muslim should know the difference between the three groupings and decide which one they are resident in. In the first category, Islam must be implemented to the furthest extent. Islam can never be

implemented perfectly, but in dar al-Islam the government ought to try their best and continue trying; Islam is an ideal that people in nations in this category must strive for. In a dar al-Harb state, non-Muslims form the majority of the population and Islam is not recognised by the legislature. Hence it cannot be implemented to any degree. This category applies to most Western states. In the third, intermediary category, Sulh, the situation is such that Islam or the shariah cannot be implemented fully, but the government should endeavour to put it into practice as much as possible. Bosnia is not in the first category, but the third. Therefore we are obliged to try our best to put Islamic legislation into practice, but it is unrealistic to expect us to implement shariah completely. That's what I want, of course, but it will not happen just like that.

On Friday, November 10, 2006 (http://www.westernresistance.com/blog/archives/003360.html) leaders of Bosnia's Muslims (including Ceric) read out a resolution in all of the nation's mosques, according to the newspaper Nezavisne Novine. This resolution "condemns and finds undesirable in Bosnia those who bring unrest into mosques under the excuse of implementing the 'real' faith (Wahhabis)." Ceric went on to say: the most perilous force destabilizing the umma presently is from the inside." The Bosnians, according to Ceric, are "determined in [their] intention to protect the originality of the centuries-long tradition of the Islamic Community in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

HOWEVER,

(http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-478/_nr-835/i.html )In some liberal and middle-class circles, Ceric is accused of speaking with a forked tongue: endorsing dialogue abroad while making conservative and uncompromising demands at home, which – as his critics see it – aim to undermine the secular character of the state and gradually end the separation of state and religion. There is an understandable reason for these objections, according to the journalist Jörg Lau: "It would be better if he didn't have to get involved, but in this highly politicised situation in Bosnia – a very hate-filled situation over the past decades – he had no option but to become political himself. The things he is accused of, for instance not taking a decisive enough stand against the fundamentalist influences coming to Bosnia from the Arab world, are certainly matters of concern," says Lau, continuing: "But he has also said: we rely on foreign aid here, and we sometimes have to accept help from people and powers from whom we would rather not take help. If Europe was to give us more support we could go without this aid and draw clearer lines."

During the Balkans War, Ceric is thought to have had ties to the Third World Relief Agency, a religious front organization found to have funneled money and arms from the Arab world. Ceric was not placed on a list of people prohibited from entering the US in the aftermath of the investigation, however

http://www.westernresistance.com/blog/archives/003360.html In 2006, Ceric condemned the stripping of 150 Wahhabis’ citizenship who had gained it after fighting in Bosnia during the civil war. Ceric said that "the state doesn't have the right to discriminate based on religion, appearance, nationality or origin."

http://www.serbianna.com/blogs/newspost/?p=1450 In February, 2009, Ceric condemned those who are worried over the spread of this extremist islamic doctrine (Wahhabism) for “spreading islamophobia”. “Those that are accusing us that their situation is bad because of Islam and the ‘new’ Muslims, are joining the islamophobia that is us, Bosnian Muslims, old and new remind on the experience of the survived genocide,” said Ceric during prayers in the eastern town of Sokolac. Ceric also said that to some, “new Muslims who call themselves Wahhabis” are troubling and that is because these Muslims have “survived genocide and are against the regime of apartheid” that dominates in Bosnia.

http://www.rferl.org/content/Interview_Grand_Mufti_of_Bosnia_Herzegovina_Mustafa_Efendi_Ceric/1778439.html

Response to question about his support for teaching of Islam in public school: Ceric: You have only one perspective of that particular problem. This perspective is not correct and not based on the facts and it is not well attended. First of all, there is an accord between the state of Bosnia and the Vatican in which the right of religious education in kindergarten is explicitly stated. This is the law. This is the accord. You should go to the state of Bosnia and the Vatican and ask why they signed this. In the law of freedom of religion that we have proposed and that was passed by the parliament, it is also explicit that children have the right to religious education from kindergarten through high school. This was passed by members of the parliament. Now we have only one party -- the ex-Communist party -- that cannot tolerate tolerance of religion. They are still living in their nostalgia for putting religion in what they call the private sphere. But if anything in this world is public, it is religion. My strongest argument against this kind of Islamophobia -- I would call it Islamophobia because they are only concentrating on Sarajevo; they are not speaking about what is happening in Mostar or Banja Luka. They are only concentrating on Sarajevo because it is, as they call it, Islamic education. And they are afraid of Islam. And this is a kind of Islamophobia that we are witnessing all the time. So who is going to teach our children about religion; are we going to teach them according to our Bosnian tradition of Islam?

http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Politics/?id=3.0.3337494781 Along with several Bosnian Muslim leaders, Ceric has called for Bosnia to be

transformed into a unitary state of “Bosniac” people, prompting protests by the country’s two other main groups.

http://www.rferl.org/content/Interview_Grand_Mufti_of_Bosnia_Herzegovina_Mustafa_Efendi_Ceric/1778439.html

On Sharia Law in Bosnia: “Shari'a in Bosnia-Herzegovina has a consultative role. We are here for consulting, if somebody asks us, and basically for more on a moral and ethical ground than on legal or court grounds. Bosnia-Herzegovina had Shari'a laws until 1946, when all the Shari'a courts were closed. And now we have state courts -- secular, if you like. Of course, you may have some form of the moral background for the law in Bosnia-Herzegovina that is based on Shari'a as a part of custom. But Shari'a law is not the state law. Whether we are going to have some individuals who will be influenced by the ideas that are coming from the interpretation of the Shari'a from that part of the world -- yes, it is possible. We have many students who are studying all over Muslims countries, including Saudi Arabia and even Iran and Egypt. But the mainstream of the Bosnian understanding and of the Ulama [legal scholars] that are raised and educated here -- I am not afraid that we will lose our continuity in our understanding of "fiqh" or Shari'a or the way we are approaching the whole issue.

RELATIONSHIP WITH SERBIA:

SERBIAN MUSLIM RELIGIOUS SPLIT SUMMARY:

In early 2007several dozen imams and religious leaders from several towns in Sandzak dismissed Muarem Zukorlic from the position of head mufti of the Islamic Community of Serbia and appointed Adem Zilkic in his place. Zukorlic refused to accept this, and Sandzak now has two opposing Islamic communities.

Muamer Zukorlic was relected as grand leader of Sandzak Muslims on July 14. His seat is in Novi Pazar. At that time he re-stated that he recognises solely reis-ul-ulema Mustafa Ceric as the supreme leader of Sandzak Muslims.

Adem Zilkic leads another group of Muslims in Serbia, with his seat in Belgrade, calling itself "the Islamic Community of Serbia.” This group believes that Muslims in Serbia should be autonomous from those in Bosnia, and takes a much more fundamentalist approach to Islam, accused by some to represent the Wahhabi fundamentalist strand.

Differences between the two groups have led to many clashes in the past.

http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Politics/?id=3.0.3337494781 On a visit to Sandzak on May 20th, Ceric said: nothing could separate Muslims in Serbia

from those in Bosnia. “We are one, and there is no force that could separate us,” Ceric told Muslims in the Sandzak town of Tutin. “Sarajevo has been and will remain a spiritual centre for all Bosnian Muslims, wherever they live,” he said as he ended a three-day visit on Wednesday. We, the Bosniacs (Bosnian Muslims) in the Balkans, demand no more and no less than what others have,” Ceric said. “We know very well what it is, and they (Serbian leaders) will learn soon what it means.” Ceric also said that Muslim human rights in Sanzak were being violated. Zilkic appealed to Ceric to postpone his visit, warning it could have a “bloody epilogue” but there were no incidents. Ceric also criticised Bosnian Muslim leaders in Sarajevo for “loving less” their fellow Muslims in Serbia.

http://www.emportal.rs/en/news/serbia/89352.html On May 22, Serbian Religion Minister Bogoljub Sijakovic announced that Ceric was not welcome in Serbia because of the above remarks he made during his stay in several cities in Sandzak.

The Meshihat of the Islamic Community in Serbia on May 25 asked Sijakovic to resign over the announcement. The Meshihat also asked Serbian President Boris Tadic and Prime Minister Mirko Cvetkovic to distance themselves from the position of the Ministry of Religion, saying that not doing so could stoke violence.

EU “Hypocrisy” Radicalises Bosnian Muslims

Sarajevo | 21 July 2009 | Srecko Latal 

EU offered visa-free roadmap to the Balkan non EU countriesThe Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) religious leadership and media and many European officials and politicians warn that the EU’s visa-liberalisation plan could lead to the radicalisation of Muslims in Europe and seriously destabilize the entire region.

“Bosniaks feel squeezed into a corner from which they do not see a way out. In this situation, outbursts of aggression are a wholly normal reaction,” Sead Numanovic, editor of prominent Sarajevo daily, Dnevni Avaz, wrote in his Tuesday column.

“European hypocrisy cannot be understood,” the leader of the influential Bosnian Islamic Community, Mustafa Ceric, said during the interment of identified remains of Bosniak war victims near the western town of Prijedor on Monday.

Both comments reflect ongoing public criticism, across the region and in Europe, of a visa-liberalisation plan presented by the European Commission (EC) last week. The EC suggested to the EU Council of Ministers and European Parliament that the bloc's visa-free regime be extended to Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, while excluding Albania, Bosnia and Kosovo.

The criticism was intensified by the fact that exclusion from the visa-free regime will almost solely affect Bosniaks, since most Bosnian Croats already have Croatian passports and most Bosnian Serbs can easily obtain Serbian passports. 

Public sentiment in Bosnia holds that the new visa plan rewards the aggressors and punishes the victims, a feeling exacerbated by the timing of the EC announcement which was made only days after the fourteenth anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre.

“After everything that you have seen, now you tell us from Brussels that we cannot go to Europe with visas,” Ceric said in his Monday address. “Now you have rewarded our killers.”

The visa-liberalisation plan has caused some divisions on both the regional and European political scenes and has triggered a number of public petitions demanding changes. Germany's Social Democratic Party, SPD, has launched a challenge in the Bundestag.

Fears have been expressed in the domestic media and by international officials that the visa recommendations plan could lead to the ghettoisation of Bosnian Muslims, triggering a hardening of their positions and promoting long-term instability in the region.

“There needs to be a fundamental critique of the [EU] Balkan policy of the last five years,” an EU official told Balkan Insight.

Bosnia chief Imam supports Wahhabis

http://www.serbianna.com/blogs/newspost/?p=1450Feb 8, 2009

Bosnian MUslim chief Imam Mustafa Ceric has expressed his support for the growing Wahhabi brand of Islam in Bosnia and condemned those who are worried over the spread of this extremist islamic doctrine for “spreading islamophobia”.

“Those that are accusing us that their situation is bad because of Islam and the ‘new’ Muslims are joining the islamophobia that is us, Bosnian Muslims, old and new remind on the experience of the survived genocide,” said Ceric during the ISlamic prayer on Friday in the mosque in the eastern town of Sokolac.

Ceric also said that to some “new muslims who call themselves Wahhabis” are troubling and that is because these Muslims have “survived genocide and are against the regime of apartheid” that dominates in Bosnia.

Wahhabis have been reintroduced to Bosnia during the 1990s when Bosnian Muslims waged Jihad against Bosnian Christians and invited holy warriors from Middle East to Bosnia granting them citizenship and marrying them off with Bosnian Muslim women.

Bosnian Muslims believe that supposedly a genocide of them occurred during the time when they waged Jihad in the 1990s.

Ceric’s support for the Bosnian Wahhabis comes days after a Croatian cardinal Puljic expressed concern at the growing Islamic extremism.

“There is a certain mentality that is not native to Bosnia. I do not know it well but I know that they call it Wahhabis,” said Puljic. “I speak of this rarely because I immediately get threats.”

After Puljic’s comments, Imam Ceric said publicly that Bosnian Muslims are a capable of meeting modern challenges and that they do not need anyone’s “paternalism”.

Ceric said that “Bosnian Muslims, not the old nor the new will infringe no ones right to life, liberty, property and dignity”.

Puljic’s statements were made during his visit to Washington where he met congressmen and held lectures.

While there, Puljic pleaded for protection of Bosnia’s Catholics saying that nearly half of Croats have left Bosnia.

Puljic also spoke with Steward Jones, Jason Hyland and Rosemary DiCarlo from the State Department.

“It is a sad fact that in those conversations one people were never mentioned, Croatians, not to mention about their rights,” Puljic commented on those meetings.

February 8, 2009SERBIANNA

FaithWorld

Religion, faith and ethics« Previous PostNext Post »January 27th, 2009

“Obama was elected by God” — Bosnian Grand Mufti Ceric

http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2009/01/27/obama-was-elected-by-god-bosnian-grand-mufti-ceric/

The Grand Mufti of Bosnia thinks the election of Barack Obama as American president is a gift from God that could help foster greater international tolerance of Muslims. “I believe that Obama is a divine sign to humanity,” Mustafa Ceric told me in an interview in Sarajevo. Americans “think that they have elected him, but I believe that he was elected by God.”

(Photo: Grand Mufti Mustafa Ceric, 27 Jan 2009/ Danilo Krstanovic)

“Barack Obama is one of these most noble goods of our time and our civilisation, that is why I think he is a gift of God,” he said. “At the moment we feel a trend to change. Whether this change will be really in practice and life, we need time to see.”

Sometimes called one of the world’s most liberal grand muftis, Ceric is considered a voice of moderation with an international reputation. He is active in dialogue with other faiths and discussions of how Islam can integrate into European societies.

Bosnia may be the European country where this integration is most evident. The call for prayer from Sarajevo’s hundreds of mosques wafts over cafes where alcohol is served in abundance and young couples cuddle in a mix of East and West traditions that has long characterised the capital. Women wearing headscaraves walk in the old quarter alongside others with revealing tank tops and uncovered flowing hair.

Yet the post-Sept. 11, 2001 atmosphere has impacted the image of Muslims everyone, from Bosnia to Indonesia. Ceric blames former U.S. President George W. Bush for fuelling further suspicions by using charged words such as a “crusade” against terrorism. The Republican president “will be remembered for creating a sort of Islamaphonia,” said Ceric, who was educated at Al-Azhar University in Cairo before receiving a doctorate at the University of Chicago.

(Photo: Sarajevo women read election posters, 2 Oct 2008/Danilo Krstanovic)

Even with tolerance embraced by Obama, the world’s 1.3 billion Muslims are likely still to face stigma, the Grand Mufti said. “We are going to live with Islamaphobia for the rest of our lives, with the same way Jews are living with anti-Semitism from time to time,” he said.

We spoke before we knew the news of Obama’s interview with Al-Arabiya satellite TV, so I couldn’t ask his reaction to hearing an American president say things like “My job is to communicate the fact that the United States has a stake in the well-being of the Muslim world, that the language we use has to be a language of respect. I have Muslim members of my family. I have lived in Muslim countries.”

But Ceric was quite positive about the last time he’d heard Obama speak, in the inaugural address last week that mentioned the variety of religions that make up the United States.“Barack Obama, he said that the United States is a country of Christians and Muslims, and this is for the first time that we have this kind of a phrase from an American president,” said Ceric, 56, who wore an Ottoman-style white turban and pin-striped robe as we spoke in his office. “He has a reason to be happy for being blessed by God to give hope to many people, not only in the United States but around the world, including my people in Bosnia-Herzegovina.”

(Photo: President Barack Obama, 27 Jan 2009/Larry Downing)

Bosnia is still struggling politically and economically 13 years after the end of Europe’s bloodiest fighting since World War Two, largely along religious and ethnic lines. Political abuse of religious divisions rather than the underlying faiths was to blame, Ceric said. Many Bosniaks, ethnic Slavs who converted to Islam under the Ottoman Empire, emerged from the 1992-95 fighting that killed 100,000 with stronger links to their faith.

“The experience brought many people back to religion,” said Ceric, who speaks fluent English. “When you are faced with death and when you see that humans do not help you and you are left alone for four years in besieged Sarajevo, therefore you cannot live alone, you have to seek some help.”

A leader of “A Common Word,” a group that has fostered meetings betwen the world’s two largest faiths, Muslims and Christians, Ceric participated in several major interfaith conferences last year, including with Pope Benedict at the Vatican in November.

“It was not easy but it was productive because it was open and honest and face to face,” he said.

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Interview: Bosnia's Grand Mufti Defends Religious Freedom

http://www.rferl.org/content/Interview_Grand_Mufti_of_Bosnia_Herzegovina_Mustafa_Efendi_Ceric/1778439.html

Grant Mufti Mustafa Ceric

July 16, 2009Mustafa Ceric, the grand mufti of Bosnia-Herzegovina since 1999, has won international recognition for his efforts to promote communication and understanding among the world's many religions. In his own country, however, Ceric has sparked occasional controversy through actions and statements that some critics say have increased tensions among Bosnia's ethnically and religiously divided citizens.

RFE/RL Central Newsroom Director Jay Tolson spoke with Ceric on the eve of July 11, the European Commemorative Day for the victims of the Srebrenica massacre -- recognized officially by most of Europe but not by Bosnia, where the atrocity took place in 1995.

RFE/RL: Thank you, Your Excellency, for meeting with us today. In response to the genocidal massacre at Srebrenica in 1995, the European Parliament adopted July 11 as a day of genocide commemoration. As you know, all European nations are observing this day. But Bosnia is not. What do you think that says about conditions in Bosnia today?

Grand Mufti Mustafa Ceric: I would like to use this opportunity to say thank you to all the members of the European Parliament for recognizing the pain of the victims of genocide in Srebrenica. The victims of genocide in Srebrenica know that we cannot change the past. But they appreciate the fact that the members -- 565 of them -- did raise their hands and told the whole world that [they] are sorry for what happened in Srebrenica....

As to the members of the state of Bosnia who did not even [make] one statement on the occasion of the 11th of July, it is shameful for all of them. Of course, those members who are from the Federation would say that the Serbian members of parliament are responsible. But I don't think they bear all [responsibility]. All of them bear responsibility. It is a pity that they put this on the parliament [agenda] only on the eve of the 11th of July.... But this is not a big surprise for us.

We have lived for 14 years with this defiance and this denial of genocide -- which is the most difficult stage of the genocidal processes. Genocide has many stages. So the final stage is denial of the genocide after accusing the victims of genocide that they are responsible for what has been done to them.

RFE/RL: Tensions between the major religious groups in Bosnia-Herzegovina don't seem to be diminishing significantly. You sit on an interfaith council that includes leaders of the Catholic and Orthodox Christian communities. But so far, can you point to any successes in bringing about greater harmony and tolerance among the major religious confessions in Bosnia-Herzegovina?

Ceric: I appreciate your observation, which is correct to a great extent. But I would also remind you about all the difficulties that we have -- and don't forget that the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia was a very painful process and Bosnia-Herzegovina paid the highest price of all, even though Bosnia-Herzegovina did not have any ambitions to [secede]. Bosnia-Herzegovina didn't want war and was wishing to stay together with the state of Yugoslavia.

Despite all of this, I can tell you that Bosnia-Herzegovina in the postwar recovery has the record for speed and a level of reconciliation that you don't find in any other part of the world that has the same experience.

The problem of Bosnia-Herzegovina is not inside the communities of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Our problem is always imported from outside when one group is encouraged to go against another group. And then the group in Bosnia-Herzegovina is encouraged to somehow overwhelm the other group.

Bosnia-Herzegovina would be one of the safest countries if our neighbors would not interfere in our affairs -- if they would allow us to develop our own neighborly relations. But when, for example, Belgrade or Zagreb or other sources of influence encourage one group and try to realize their own interests in Bosnia-Herzegovina, then we are in trouble.

I think we have achieved through the Inter-Religious Council many things. We have written together a law on freedom of religion that was passed by the Bosnian parliament. Last year, we started issuing at the end of the year an annual report on human rights in Bosnia-Herzegovina -- especially regarding the violation of religious human rights.

RFE/RL: Some -- including many Muslims in Bosnia -- would say that tensions have been exacerbated internally, including by you and your office, for example, by encouraging religious education in public kindergartens. As I understand it, this religious education would not be a neutral academic education but would actually be, in effect, catechism or instruction in a particular kind of religion -- Islam in this case. Aren't you breaking one of the foundations of public-sphere secularism that is essential to religious tolerance when you encourage practices like that in public schools?

Ceric: You have only one perspective of that particular problem. This perspective is not correct and not based on the facts and it is not well attended. First of all, there is an accord between the state of Bosnia and the Vatican in which the right of religious education in kindergarten is explicitly stated. This is the law. This is the accord. You should go to the state of Bosnia and the Vatican and ask why they signed this.

In the law of freedom of religion that we have proposed and that was passed by the parliament, it is also explicit that children have the right to religious education from kindergarten through high school. This was passed by members of the parliament.

Now we have only one party -- the ex-Communist party -- that cannot tolerate tolerance of religion. They are still living in their nostalgia for putting religion in what they call the private sphere. But if anything in this world is public, it is religion. My strongest argument against this kind of Islamophobia -- I would call it Islamophobia because they are only concentrating on Sarajevo; they are not speaking about what is happening in Mostar or Banja Luka. They are only concentrating on Sarajevo because it is, as they call it, Islamic education. And they are afraid of Islam. And this is a kind of Islamophobia that we are witnessing all the time.

So who is going to teach our children about religion; are we going to teach them according to our Bosnian tradition of Islam? We have to take care of our children from kindergarten through all the process of education -- according to the program that is acceptable to this state, together with the Islamic community -- so that our children know who they are, and when they are grown up, they don't need to listen to others who come tell them that they are wrong. They will have the arguments to defend their own tradition -- an Islamic tradition based on daily Bosnian experience.

RFE/RL: It is fine for children to receive religious education outside of public schools or in religious schools. But once you have children receiving religious education in a public school, then you are having, in effect, state-supported religion. And that is different from the American variety of secularism.

Ceric: This is a subject that should be the topic of public debate. And we should be clear what we want to achieve. I think that as we have to teach religious people to be tolerant toward atheists, we also have to teach atheists to be tolerant to those who are religious....

I am a citizen of this country. All the parents are citizens of this country. They are paying their taxes to the state. And if they say, "You know, I want my children from kindergarten to high school to be educated the way I want them to be educated. And I want you to provide them only with the right for religious education. It is not compulsory religious education." So this is a free choice. If you don't want to study religion -- if you don't want to go to religion class -- [you are not obliged].

RFE/RL: Muslim scholars around the world are engaged in a hugely important discussion, about the meaning and purposes of Shari'a. There are vastly different conceptions of what the word Shari'a means, ranging from a narrow code of laws and punishments based on very literalistic readings of the sacred texts to a far more capacious understanding of Shari'a -- of its being an ethos that informs the spirit of the laws.

What is your conception of Shari'a, and to what extent can this conception be brought to the laws of a country like Bosnia? What role should Shari'a play in family law, criminal law, or other areas of law?

Ceric: We are at the beginning of the debate about Shari'a. I am very glad that many authors now are writing about Shari'a from all perspectives. By this activity Shari'a has a chance to survive, I believe. The understanding of Shari'a will be modified. It will be put

into the context of our experience of modern times, I believe.

But Shari'a is not a privilege of Muslim law. You have a Shari'a of Moses and a Shari'a of Jesus and a Shari'a of Muhammad. The Koran says that if God wanted you to be one nation, he could make it. But he made many Shari'a for you and many ways to approach the truth. But you have to [take part] in good deeds. So no one has a monopoly on truth. And no one has a monopoly on the Shari'a.

What we as Muslims are observing is that Christians and Jews, or a majority of them, somehow have made many compromises at the expense of the Shari'a of Moses, Jesus, the Prophet Muhammad and so on. And Muslims are insisting more on this principle of the Shari'a than other religious groups, including the Christians and Jews who have adapted very much their religious attitudes to liberal thought. They are very much secularized and very much enlightened, even though those who brought enlightenment to us were very religious people.

I think religion is the source of enlightenment -- probably a new enlightenment, the enlightenment of the enlightenment. Because I think people misunderstood the enlightenment [as] anti-religious. And this is why we came now to a moral crisis.

Shari'a is more than a particular understanding of a group of people. There are certain things that are not changeable and not negotiable in Shari'a -- like the 10 Commandments. These are the "usul" [fundamentals], which cannot be changed. Nothing to negotiate about. When we come to the "fiqh” [jurisprudence], or understanding of Shari'a, we have so many [different] understandings. So the "fiqh” is not Shari'a.

RFE/RL: Precisely, that is the problem. Many people right now, heavily influenced by the Saudi religious establishment -- the Wahhabis or Salafis or whatever you want to call them -- basically confuse "fiqh" with Shari'a. But that view of what Shari'a is has been spreading around the world faster than intelligent theologians like yourself can resist.

So most people outside of the Muslim tradition, when they hear the word Shari'a, they think of hands being chopped off. They think of these things because they look at Saudi Arabia, or they look at Afghanistan under the Taliban, or other places where, again, unfortunately, Wahhabi-backed theologians are teaching their version of Islam.

We do not hear theologians like you coming out very clearly saying, "This is not what Shari'a is. This is not how I see it being applied -- even in predominantly Muslim countries. I certainly don't see how it would work in a country like Bosnia, which is a religiously mixed society."

But why don't we hear that clarity? And let me ask specifically, do you see Shari'a in any of that narrow sense of the word creeping into Bosnian Muslim society through the Wahhabi influence?

Ceric: First of all, Shari'a in Bosnia-Herzegovina has a consultative role. We are here for

consulting, if somebody asks us, and basically for more on a moral and ethical ground than on legal or court grounds. Bosnia-Herzegovina had Shari'a laws until 1946, when all the Shari'a courts were closed. And now we have state courts -- secular, if you like.

Of course, you may have some form of the moral background for the law in Bosnia-Herzegovina that is based on Shari'a as a part of custom. But Shari'a law is not the state law. Whether we are going to have some individuals who will be influenced by the ideas that are coming from the interpretation of the Shari'a from that part of the world -- yes, it is possible. We have many students who are studying all over Muslims countries, including Saudi Arabia and even Iran and Egypt.

But the mainstream of the Bosnian understanding and of the Ulama [legal scholars] that are raised and educated here -- I am not afraid that we will lose our continuity in our understanding of "fiqh" or Shari'a or the way we are approaching the whole issue.

RFE/RL: The global world which Muslims may or may not join does operate, at the moment at least, according to a conception of universal human rights. Do you see Islamic principles -- and particularly those that derive from Shari'a – as compatible with universal conceptions of human rights?

Let's be even more specific -- freedom of religion. Is a Muslim free to leave the faith, to choose another religion? In other words, to commit apostasy? As you know, many leading theologians have issued different fatwas on this question, but where do you stand?

Ceric: There are certain things that came with Islam that are the most radical reforms in religious thought. One of them is freedom of religion. And Islam is a problem for Muslims who are not recognizing this. This is one of the most revolutionary or most radical reforms of religious thought in the history of mankind: "There is no compulsion in religion."

The context of this verse was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, in Medina. When he came to Medina, all the heads of the tribes wanted to come as early as possible to the Prophet -- to be close to him. So one of the tribal heads was with his son, who was a Christian of the Syrian type of Christianity. The father forced his son to accept Islam -- [even though] he didn't want [to convert to Islam.] So [the tribal leader] came to the Prophet and said, "You know, last night I have beaten my son because he did not want to become a Muslim. So he became [a Muslim] after I beat him." And on that occasion, this particular verse came to the Prophet -- "There is no compulsion in religion."

You know, Islamic civilization is too great to be paranoid about individuals who will leave their camp.... So I don't think that this is an issue for that.... But I think what we have here is not about religion. It is about political issues between the Muslim world and the West. Muslims live in fear of colonization by the West because the West feels very powerful and the sources of energy that you have are basically in the Muslim lands.

RFE/RL: How would you assess U.S. President Barack Obama's Cairo speech?

Ceric: I think that this is the most important speech so far in Muslim-American relations and in the West-Islamic relationship. In Ankara, [Turkey], I think he was testing how far he could go. In Cairo, I think he opened his soul -- his heart -- and I am very glad that I lived this moment to see the president of the United States make such a speech there.

Muslims, I think, are not yet aware of the importance of this speech. And I think that as time goes on, his speech is going to be a cornerstone for the 21st century. It will be quoted. It will be studied. It will be analyzed.

And one of the most important things that Muslims did not hear from anyone [else] in these last two centuries is there. He said that American values and Islamic values are the same -- which are the respect for human rights and respect for human dignity. To hear that from a president of the United States whose predecessor was saying that the Muslim world was almost an axis of evil... not all of them, but, you know.

The language that we have heard from [George W.] Bush and Barack Obama is like the difference between heaven and Earth. So this is why I said in my letter to Barack Obama that when he said [in Cairo] that one speech cannot eradicate the years of mistrust between us, I said to him, as it is in the Bible, "In the beginning there was just the word." So you always start with the word.  

Bosnian Grand Mufti Mustafa CericA Bridge Builder or a Closet Fundamentalist?

http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-478/_nr-835/i.html

Mustafa Ceric, the Grand Mufti of Bosnia-Herzegovina, is a committed proponent of inter-faith dialogue in the spirit of mutual recognition, recently honoured in Germany for his activities. In his home country, however, he is seen as a controversial and conservative religious leader. The German press have also questioned Ceric's suitability for the award. Zoran Arbutina on the case

| Bild: Mustafa Ceric, Grand Mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 1993, at the 2008 World Economic Forum in Davos(photo: Robert Scoble) | Only if the dialogue between the major world religions of Christianity and Islam can be maintained and intensified is there a hope of avoiding misunderstandings and misinterpretations on both sides in future, so the Christian-oriented Eugen Biser Foundation is convinced. The letter published by 138 Islamic dignitaries on 13 October of last year, "A Common Word between Us and You" was a

milestone along this road, says Heiner Köster, the vice-chairman of the foundation's board of trustees:

"The Eugen Biser Foundation regarded the open letter from Muslim scholars as an important initiative for inter-faith dialogue. Mr Ceric is one of the signatories of the open letter. And we were unanimous that it would be a very good choice to involve him as an award-winner."

"He knows both worlds"

The Munich-based foundation is not alone in this assessment. The Bosnian Grand Mufti Mustafa Ceric is always one of the first names to crop up when it comes to relations with Islam in Europe and how to further integration of Muslims into European society. He is regarded as an important bipartisan factor for Europe, as the German journalist Jörg Lau emphasises:

"I see him as a bridge builder. He has the intellectual faculties for the job; he studied at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, but he has also been a theologian and philosopher in Chicago. He knows both worlds."

In Europe and particularly in Germany, Mustafa Ceric is has honours and praise heaped upon him like no other Muslim scholar or Islamic dignitary. He has previously won several awards for his efforts towards developing dialogue between Muslims and non-Muslims in Europe. At times it even seems as if Ceric is regarded as the embodiment of a new "East-West Divan". It is no coincidence that he was one of the leading Muslim dignitaries recently received in the Vatican by Pope Benedict XVI.

Bosnian Islam: open and tolerant

Bosnia's Muslims are generally regarded as tolerant and open. They have practiced a peaceful form of coexistence in a multi-faith and multicultural society for centuries.

| Bild: Mustafa Ceric and Pope Benedict XVI at the Catholic-Muslim Forum on 6 November at the Vatican | "As the head of this community, Ceric is very much aware that Islam has to open up towards Europe further, that it mustn't cut off its roots to the Arab world of course, but at the same time has to become something genuinely European. To such an extent, I'd refer to him as a reformer," says Jörg Lau, an expert on Islam and editor for the renowned weekly DIE ZEIT.

Ceric very much cultivates this image: "Dialogue, or rather a culture of dialogue, is the most important thing for Europe today. What Europe needs today is a programme, a long-term strategy for promoting and maintaining the culture of dialogue between the various religions, cultures and peoples," Ceric states.

Reformer or Islamist?

In many parts of Europe, however, Islam still encounters scepticism or is even seen as a threat. The religion is still lumped together with political Islam or presented in stereotypical forms. Misunderstandings and conflicts are almost inevitable under these circumstances. For instance, Ceric is also accused of calling for the introduction of Shari'a law in Europe and questioning the democratic constitutional order in the European People's Party's journal European View (12/2007).

Several months ago, he felt obliged to write a letter to Germany's chancellor Angela Merkel, among other things setting out his clear conviction in democratic principles.

Yet Ceric not only faces criticism in Europe – he is also a controversial figure at home in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Speaking with a forked tongue?

In liberal and middle-class circles, he is accused of speaking with a forked tongue: endorsing dialogue abroad while making conservative and uncompromising demands at home, which – as his critics see it – aim to undermine the secular character of the state and gradually end the separation of state and religion. There is an understandable reason for these objections, according to the journalist Jörg Lau:

"It would be better if he didn't have to get involved, but in this highly politicised situation in Bosnia – a very hate-filled situation over the past decades – he had no option but to become political himself. The things he is accused of, for instance not taking a decisive enough stand against the fundamentalist influences coming to Bosnia from the Arab world, are certainly matters of concern," says Lau, continuing:

"But he has also said: we rely on foreign aid here, and we sometimes have to accept help from people and powers from whom we would rather not take help. If Europe was to give us more support we could go without this aid and draw clearer lines."

Ceric's basic principles: a European contradiction

At the same time, the contradiction in which Bosnia-Herzegovina and its Grand Mufti are involved is also a European contradiction. Noted comparative theologians see the same basic standpoint in Ceric as inherent in the Catholic and Protestant churches in Germany, for example.

Within their own religious communities, turning back to traditional and often conservative values strengthens the sense of belonging; identity is often sought through drawing dividing lines and excluding others. Strengthened in this way, the religions are then prepared to go out into society, endorsing multi-faith and multicultural coexistence.

Mustafa Ceric acknowledges this contradiction when he points out that Bosnia-Herzegovina is not an island in a European sea:

"The culture of dialogue in Bosnia-Herzegovina is simultaneously the culture of dialogue in Europe. What happens in Bosnia-Herzegovina is not a specifically Bosnian phenomenon. We are only a reflection – for better or worse – of today's Europe and today's world."  

EU “Hypocrisy” Radicalises Bosnian Muslims

Sarajevo | 21 July 2009 | Srecko Latal  http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/news/21209/

EU offered visa-free roadmap to the Balkan non EU countriesThe Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) religious leadership and media and many European officials and politicians warn that the EU’s visa-liberalisation plan could lead to the radicalisation of Muslims in Europe and seriously destabilize the entire region.

“Bosniaks feel squeezed into a corner from which they do not see a way out. In this situation, outbursts of aggression are a wholly normal reaction,” Sead Numanovic, editor of prominent Sarajevo daily, Dnevni Avaz, wrote in his Tuesday column.

“European hypocrisy cannot be understood,” the leader of the influential Bosnian Islamic Community, Mustafa Ceric, said during the interment of identified remains of Bosniak war victims near the western town of Prijedor on Monday.

Both comments reflect ongoing public criticism, across the region and in Europe, of a visa-liberalisation plan presented by the European Commission (EC) last week. The EC suggested to the EU Council of Ministers and European Parliament that the bloc's visa-free regime be extended to Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, while excluding Albania, Bosnia and Kosovo.

The criticism was intensified by the fact that exclusion from the visa-free regime will almost solely affect Bosniaks, since most Bosnian Croats already have Croatian passports and most Bosnian Serbs can easily obtain Serbian passports. 

Public sentiment in Bosnia holds that the new visa plan rewards the aggressors and punishes the victims, a feeling exacerbated by the timing of the EC announcement which was made only days after the fourteenth anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre.

“After everything that you have seen, now you tell us from Brussels that we cannot go to Europe with visas,” Ceric said in his Monday address. “Now you have rewarded our killers.”

The visa-liberalisation plan has caused some divisions on both the regional and European political scenes and has triggered a number of public petitions demanding changes. Germany's Social Democratic Party, SPD, has launched a challenge in the Bundestag.

Fears have been expressed in the domestic media and by international officials that the visa recommendations plan could lead to the ghettoisation of Bosnian Muslims, triggering a hardening of their positions and promoting long-term instability in the region.

“There needs to be a fundamental critique of the [EU] Balkan policy of the last five years,” an EU official told Balkan Insight.

Balkan Jihad: Mustafa Ceric no longer ‘moderate’; “Serbian leaders will learn soon what it means”

http://sheikyermami.com/2009/05/24/mustafa-ceric-no-moderate-serbian-leaders-will-learn-soon-what-it-means%E2%80%9D/

by sheikyermami on May 24, 2009

Serbia: Bosnian Spiritual Leader Sparks Controversy

The world belongs to Allah: 

Qur’an:8:39 “Fight them until all opposition ends and all submit to Allah.”

Belgrade, 20 May (AKI) — The spiritual leader of Bosnia’s Muslim majority on Wednesday sparked controversy by stating that nothing could separate Muslims in Serbia from those in Bosnia. Reiss-ul-Ulema Mustafa Ceric made the comments during a visit to a Muslim community in Serbia’s Muslim-majority Sandzak region bordering Montenegro.

“We are one, and there is no force that could separate us,” Ceric told Muslims in the Sandzak town of Tutin.

“Sarajevo has been and will remain a spiritual centre for all Bosnian Muslims, wherever they live,” he said as he ended a three-day visit on Wednesday.

Muslim:C9B1N33

“The Prophet said: ‘I have been commanded to fight against people till they testify there is no god but Allah, that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and they establish prostration prayer, and pay Zakat. If they do it, their blood and property are protected.’”

Sarajevo is the capital of Bosnia, where Muslims make up 40 percent of the population — the largest group in the country.

“We, the Bosniacs (Bosnian Muslims) in the Balkans, demand no more and no less than what others have,” Ceric said.

“We know very well what it is, and they (Serbian leaders) will learn soon what it means.”

Serbia’s 200,000 Muslims are split into two groups. One is led by Muamer Zukorlic, who recognises Ceric’s supreme leadership.

A second group led by Adem Zilkic, believes that Muslims in Serbia should be autonomous from those in Bosnia.

Supporters of the two groups have often clashed in recent years, and several people have been wounded.

Zilkic appealed to Ceric to postpone his visit, warning it could have a “bloody epilogue” but there were no incidents.

Ceric also criticised Bosnian Muslim leaders in Sarajevo for “loving less” their fellow Muslims in Serbia.

Muslims in the former Yugoslavia are of Slavic origin, but were granted Yugoslav nationality by the former strongman Josip Broz Tito in 1963.

But after Bosnia seceded from Yugoslavia in 1992, most Muslims, except Kosovo Albanians, tend to call themselves Bosniacs.

Serbian ambassador to Bosnia, Grujica Spasovic, said Ceric’s concern for other Muslims was legitimate as long as it was related to cultural and religious ties.

But he said Ceric was “interfering in the politics and internal affairs of another country”, meaning Serbia.

Along with several Bosnian Muslim leaders, Ceric has called for Bosnia to be transformed into a unitary state of “Bosniac” people, prompting protests by the country’s two other main groups — Serbs and Croats.

American vice-president Joseph Biden on Tuesday urged Bosnian leaders to unite while pledging support for Bosnia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity enshrined in the US-brokered Dayton peace accord that ended the 1992-1995 civil war.

Zukorlic Re-elected Chief Mufti

| 14 July 2008 |   http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/news/11799/Muamer ZukorlicNovi Pazar _ Members of the Council of the Islamic Community in Serbia have re-elected Muamer Zukorlic as the chief mufti in Novi Pazar despite non-recognition of the vote by rivals. The chief mufti’s term in office is five years, and Zukorlic has been at the helm of the Islamic Community council since 1993.

Zukorlic said his re-election was a sign of support for the legality and legitimacy of the community he was heading.

“Trust bestowed upon me is a great honour and it translates into my responsibility to continue defending and building a free and autonomous Islamic Community,” Zukorlic told the media.

He went on to say that the Islamic Community wanted to be a partner to the state in developing further mutual relations but added that these relations would now be tried and tested in order to see “if the state’s attitude towards this community has changed.”

Mufti Zukorlic explained the state had to show its good will by launching an investigation into the conduct of some state organs in the previous period.

He called on the authorities to show respect for the Muslims who would not, as he put it, allow the situation in which they would be entitled to fewer rights than other peoples living in Serbia.

Speaking about the main goals of the Islamic Community in the forthcoming period, he said Bosnia and Herzegovina would continue to be the spiritual centre of the community, going on to say that he recognised solely reis-ul-ulema Mustafa Ceric as the supreme leader.

“Bosnia is the oldest child of Turkey, the country which is perceived by all the Muslims in these parts, including Albania, as their mother country,” said Zukorlic.

Zukorlic was first elected leader of the Sandzak Muslims in 1993, when the Meshihat (Islamic Community Council), as an organisational unit of Bosnia’s Islamic Community Riyaset (the Supreme Council) was formed in this Muslim-dominated south-western region of Serbia after the collapse of the former Yugoslavia.

Zukorlic is now 38. At the time when he was elected leader in 1993, he was the youngest religious leader in the Balkans.

The Riyaset of the Islamic Community of Serbia, headed by Adem Zilkic, refuses to recognise the election.

Friction and infighting within the Islamic community between supporters of Zilkic and Zukorlic has intensified in the last year.

The Islamic Community led by Zukorlic recognises the supreme leadership of the Riyaset based in Sarajevo and reis-ul-ulema Mustafa Ceric, whereas the Islamic Community of Serbia has no organisational links to Sarajevo and considers reis-ul-ulema Adem Zilkic as its supreme leader in Serbia.

Some analysts say the bitter political conflict between the two most influential Bosniak politicians Rasim Ljajic (who is favouring Zukorlic) and Sulejman Ugljanin (who is closer to Zilkic) has effectively given rise to the rift within the Islamic community in Serbia.

Muslims in Serbia Clash; Church Desecrated

http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/news/9199/| 07 April 2008 |  

St. Peter's Church in Novi PazarNovi Pazar _ Two rival Muslim groups have clashed over the right to hold prayer in a mosque while a Serbian Orthodox Church was desecrated in a separate incident in southwest Serbia. Both incidents happened over the weekend but were not linked.

Relating to the first incident, the two Islamic communities issued conflicting statements on the number of injured people, accusing each other of triggering the skirmish.

The Riyasat of the Islamic Community in Serbia, headed by reis Adem Zilkic, charged that rival members of the Islamic Community headed by mufti Muamer Zukorlic stopped Zilkic’s followers of holding prayers at the mosque in the town of Trnava, near Novi Pazar, the biggest town in Sandzak, the mostly Muslim populated region in Serbia.

The Riyasat claimed that no one was injured, while spokesman of Zukorlic's Meshihat of the Islamic Community in Serbia, Sead Sacirovic, said that at least four believers were hurt, among them a 70-year old who was punched in the head.

Zilkic’s Riyasat is close to Belgrade’s authorities while Zukorlic considers Bosnia and Herzegovina as the centre of his Meshihat.

The division of the two communities has led to many clashes in the past.

Both sides claimed they had a video recording of the incident outside the Trnava mosque but neither side has shown it yet.

In the meantime, Zilkic sternly condemned an incident in which unknown perpetrators wrote "vulgar and offensive" graffiti on the wall of the Serb Orthodox Church in Novi Pazar.

"Desecration of any religious object causes discord and, according to the Koran represents a greater sin than murder," said the statement issued by Zilkic’s Riyasat.

The church of St. Peter in Novi Pazar was built in the 9th century, and is the oldest preserved Serbian place of worship.

Emphasising the good relationship with the Serbian Orthodox Church, the statement said that ‘’those who do not wish well to their own people, especially when it comes to multiethnic territories such as Sandzak, cause this and similar provocations.’’

"Bosniaks and Serbs have been sharing this mutual space for years, living in peace, tolerance and successfully resisting all temptations," it added.

The church heads who reported the incident to local police, demanded urgent action in finding and punishing those responsible.

Recognition Without Power A report from independent Kosovo. by Stephen Schwartz 03/31/2008, Volume 013, Issue 28 http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/014/910syuxh.asp?pg=2

Whether Belgrade will actually throw itself into a full-scale provocation against Kosovo statehood is debatable. Kosovar Albanians are more concerned that the European Union will simply divide the country and hand the north over to Serbia. Strikingly, Kosovars have a clear-sighted view of global politics: Vladimir Putin's Russia is the big threat, and Serbia is a pawn in Russia's bid to turn back the expansion of NATO and assert Russian influence over the whole of Europe.

But many Kosovars also understand that their country stands between two fires--revived Slavic imperialism and the threat of Islamist aggression. Kosovars themselves are rarely demonstrative about their Muslim faith--I saw only six young women in head coverings during a week in the country (though the hijab is more common among rural grandmothers), and Islamic literature is difficult to find. But the situation is dire in neighboring Macedonia.

There, the regime has given free rein to Arab governments and foundations to build new

mosques that spread jihadist doctrines. Wahhabi aggression against the long-established Sufi presence in the western Macedonian city of Tetovo has reached a real crisis point. Only four months ago, two buildings at the Harabati Sufi center in Tetovo were occupied by Saudi-supported Wahhabis with their scruffy beards and automatic weapons. Now the Wahhabis, mobilizing what appear to be street vagabonds recruited and paid to fill up the Harabatis' spacious Ottoman complex, have taken over most of it. They scream insults and threats at the Sufis and fire their weapons into the air at night.

The

Macedonian government appears eager to sow discord in the large Albanian community within its borders. Its benevolent policy toward Wahhabism parallels a similar one in south Serbia. Physical clashes between Wahhabi agitators and

indigenous Muslims have become a common feature of life everywhere except in Kosovo. In the south Serbian town of Tutin, for instance, the beginning of March saw fighting between the moderate, traditional Muslims led by local mufti Muamer Zukorlic, and a Wahhabi group calling itself "the Islamic Community of Serbia" and run by an unknown named Adem Zilkic, openly aligned with Kostunica's Serb nationalists. During a riot on March 7, an Albanian supporter of the moderates, Enver Shkreli, was shot in both legs, apparently by Serbian police supporting the radicals.

Back in Kosovo, a trip around the republic discloses further evidence that recognition does not mean sovereignty. Kosovars have yet to be issued passports, and the post offices have no stamps representing the new state--travel documents and the mail are still under the authority of the United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). More grating to many Kosovar Albanians has been the imposition of a denationalized Kosovo flag, blue with a gold map of the country and six white stars, in place of the traditional Albanian red and black double-eagle standard.

At the level of daily life, recognition without sovereignty could also be called recognition without power--a pun of sorts, since after eight years of foreign administration Kosovo still sees its electrical system crash into darkness on a nightly and often daily basis. Austria is only now talking about donations to upgrade Kosovo's schools. So what have the internationals accomplished since 1999, aside from accumulating exorbitant salaries, taking over the best neighborhoods, denying the Kosovars economic and political reform, and expressing a general contempt for the local inhabitants? Well, they have created a new class of prosperous local employees, who have learned English (because the internationals seldom study the Albanian language) and built their own upscale homes and districts. But the Albanian members of the U.N.-EU bureaucracy, while often the most robust defenders of Kosovo's "paper independence," would doubtless suffer loss of income and status if the internationals left.

The Kosovar Albanian political leadership is widely seen as corrupt, and the existence of an underground economy in Kosovo is undeniable, although it has little or nothing to do with lurid tales about drug dealing put forward by Serbian advocates. Given that the U.N.

and EU have not permitted the establishment of secure local economic institutions, the growth of an uncontrolled economy was inevitable. Kosovars have a large diaspora sending money home from the United States, Germany, and Switzerland, and without financial stability inside the new republic the funds have to go somewhere. But there is a greater corruption in the rise of politicians and functionaries who owe their prosperity to their accommodation to and employment by the internationals.

On the night of March 12, I traveled with Albin Kurti, the popular leader of Kosovo's Self-Determination movement, and a group of his colleagues to Dumnica, a tiny village on the northeastern frontier with Serbia. Dumnica is close to Merdare, where a Kosovo Republic border sign was installed early in March. Serbian army reservists threatened to cross the frontier to tear down the marker, but were prevented from doing so by Serbian authorities, who appeared suddenly cautious after the worldwide public relations disaster represented by the mob attacks on the American and other foreign embassies in Belgrade late in February.

The area that includes Merdare and Dumnica is called Llap and has long been a center of Albanian patriotism. When Serbia conquered Kosovo in 1912, Slav armies poured into the territory through Llap, and thousands of Albanians were slaughtered, their villages burned and possessions looted. Llap was also a major theater of fighting in the 1998-99 war. Villagers there are hard workers, good savers, and boast such amenities as camera cellphones and portable computers.

Kurti had come to Dumnica to explain his criticism of the Kosovo political class and its acceptance of paper independence. The village is not shown on maps, and with the border unmarked, we joked about what might happen if we drove too far up the road and found ourselves in Serbian hands. The stars were brilliant in the deep, rural night. Finally, thanks to the ubiquity of cellphones, we were taken to a large house where the elders of the village were crowded into the special room reserved for guests. Outside, guards were posted while Kurti spoke.

What unfolded was a scene of traditional village democracy. Kurti presented his case for full independence, a real ministry of defense and an army and police, firm borders, a new constitution written by the Kosovars themselves rather than by foreign experts, and all the other institutions needed to prove that independence is real. He was answered, always respectfully but nonetheless critically, by some who said that at least Kosovo now has its own standing in the world, and that the Albanians must be patient in waiting for complete freedom.

One of the most moderate speakers was an imam who had come to the meeting from Kacanik, at the other end of Kosovo. Patriotic verses were recited and the names of past heroes invoked. For a foreign observer, nothing was more fascinating than the faces of the villagers--strong, intelligent, intent as they listened to Kurti, a man who can discuss Heidegger and postmodernism with facility, but who addressed this gathering simply and directly. Later, another Kosovar who disagrees with Kurti admitted that he is an

exceptional speaker, calling him "the human laser, whose words go straight to people's hearts."

To my surprise, little was said in Dumnica about Serbia. To emphasize: The villagers, with their long collective memory, see Russia as the main enemy, standing behind and using Serbia. Finally, all Kosovars are grateful to America, but many are worried because American diplomatic representatives in Pristina too often call on the Albanians to stay silent, contradicting the strong stands of George W. Bush and Condoleezza Rice, whom the Kosovars admire.

Nevertheless, even on the Serbian border, the Kosovars betray no fear. Indeed, it occurred to me, watching the faces and listening to the sharp words of Albin Kurti, that there are two borders in Dumnica. One divides Serbia from Kosovo. The other separates the old world of massacres, totalitarianism, Russian imperialism, and what Secretary Rice has criticized as the Serbian fixation with the past, from the new world of security, investment, democracy, and friendship with America. Nearly all the Albanians in Dumnica are Muslims, yet they act as if the war with radical Islam will be no more than an episode, while the danger of confrontation with Putin's neo-czarist expansionism has returned to bedevil the world.

And the news then on the front pages prompted this further reflection: Even as Kurti was speaking, on the other side of the world China--Russia's partner in U.N. obstruction of Kosovo's full liberation--had sent troops to the Tibetan capital, Lhasa, where dozens of demonstrators were shot dead. India, anxious to keep the torturers of Tiananmen Square happy, had arrested and beaten Tibetan demonstrators, and Nepal had surrendered to a Chinese demand to close its border and prevent protestors from heading to Mount Everest for a pro-Tibetan action. But the Tibetans in Lhasa, led by Buddhist monks even tougher than the martyrs of freedom in Burma not long ago, would come back to defy Communist bullets and tear gas. Over the weekend of March 16 and in the week that followed, Lhasa and other places would still be defying Chinese "order," and stone-throwing Tibetans would repeatedly be answered with rifle fire.

Kosovo and Tibet, on the front lines between liberty and tyranny, make the case for a new international League of Democracies, from which Russia and China would perforce be excluded. It is a concept the country folk in Dumnica would understand.

Stephen Schwartz writes frequently about the Balkans.

Ceric: Serbia Needs a Stable Sandzak

Belgrade | 19 May 2009 | http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/news/19047/ 

Reis Mustafa CericThe Grand Mufti of the Bosnian Islamic Community, Mustafa Ceric, Monday night criticised the decision of the Serbian police to ban a meeting that was supposed to welcome him, and told media that "Serbia cannot become stable without a stable Sandzak". “We are one, there is no force that can divide us. Until now, I hadn’t thought that Muslims’ rights were being breached in Serbia, but I’ve seen today in Tutin that that isn’t quite the case,” Ceric said to many worshipers gathered in the courtyard of the central mosque of Tutin Monday night.

Serbian police banned a meeting Tutin to welcome Ceric, over concerns about potential violence, in the wake of growing tensions between two religious Muslim factions.

“When I travel round the world, people ask me how things are in the Balkans, I say it’s good. But they ask—’but how’s it in Sandžak?’ OK, I think, the mufti’s complaining, but

maybe he’s overdoing it. But from today, I’ll no longer say ’overdoing it’, rather I’ll say that I saw with my own eyes that human rights are being violated in Serbia, particularly those of Muslims,“ he said during his visit to Sandžak, south eastern Serbia.

Ceric is on a three-day visit to the region, visiting educational institutions and establishments that belong to the Islamic Community in Serbia. Ceric will also meet with chief imams and religious teachers.

He will also meet with university staff in Novi Pazar, where he will give a lecture to professors and students.

A larger Serbian police presence will monitor today’s gathering in Novi Pazar. After his visit to Novi Pazar, Ceric will go to visit

worshipers in Novi Varoš, Prijepolje and Priboj which all have considerable Muslim populations.

November 13, 2006

Bosnia: Muslims Upset By Wahhabi Leaders

http://www.westernresistance.com/blog/archives/003360.html

The problem of Wahhabism, the Salafist doctrine which originated in Saudi Arabia, which makes few compromises with anything other than its own doctrines, has led to conflict with the Muslims of Bosnia. Wahhabism was an alien ideology to the Muslims of former Yugoslavia, though in the Bosnian war of 1992 - 1995, it became imported by radical Muslims. These had been invited to the region by then-president Alija Izetbegovic. Muslim fighters had flocked from various Muslim countries, including Middle Eastern countries such as Syria, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

Izetbegovic was president of Bosnia-Hercegovina from 1990 onwards. When the civil war began in 1992, he invited Mujahideen fighters to the region, incorporating them into the Bosnian amy. They formed the majority of the 7th Muslim Brigade when it was founded on November 19, 1992, and in August 13, 1993 foreign Mujahideen formed the "El Mujahed" Unit.

Izetbegovic was portrayed by the Clinton administration as a moderate, though it was recently revealed that he was in the pay of a Saudi Al Qaeda operative, Yassin al-Khadi (Yassin al Qadi). Izetbegovic was also in direct communication with Osama bin Laden, according to British journalist Eve-Ann Prentice.

When the Dayton agreement officially ended the civil conflict in 1995, the Mujahideen remained. They have caused conflict with Muslims in Bosnia, and also in neighboring Serbia, as they deem the "liberalism" of the Muslims who lived in Tito's Yugoslavia to be heretical.

Today, states AKI, an unofficial leader of the Bosnian Wahhabis, Imad al-Husin, has resigned. Husin, a Syrian who also goes under the name "Abu Hamza", has said that he is unable to "express himself in the Bosnian language in order to be understood correctly".

Recently, al-Husin's comments, which were made on local television, drew sharp reactions from local Muslims. He said their leaders followed a "communist Islam" which had been introduced by General Tito.

On Friday, November 10, leaders of Bosnia's Muslims read out out a resolution in all of the nation's mosques, according to the newspaper Nezavisne Novine. This resolution "condemns and finds undesirable in Bosnia those who bring unrest into mosques under the excuse of implementing the 'real' faith."

The resolution was drafted by the official Islamic Community. The head of this group, Reiss-ul-Ulema Mustafa Ceric, said: "One who cannot accept and understand it, does not have to stay, and does not have to come." The acceptance refers to Bosnian moderate Islam.

40% of the population of the country is Muslim. Orthodox Christian Serbs comprise 31% and Catholic Croats comprise 10% of the population of 3.8 million. The horrors of the civil war still lie beneath the surface. At the weekend, it was announced that another mass grave, containing 100 bodies of Muslims murdered in the Srebrenica massacre, was uncovered in Snagovo village, about 31 miles north of Srebrenica. About 8,000 Muslims were killed in this atrocity, which took place in July 1995, when Serbs led by Ratko Mladic and Radnan Karadic overran the UN enclave of Srebrenica on July 11.

Many of the Wahhabis settled in Bosnia after the civil war, marrying local women, but also a sizeable number were granted citizenship by Izetbegovic in exchange for their fighting in the Bosnian civil war. In September, 50 of these individuals had their citizenship status revoked. SInce then 100 more individuals have been prevented from

claiming citizenship rights. 250 more were under investigation, while the body which is charged to reconsider the citizenship status of these former Mujahideen states that 1,500 cases will eventually be examined.

Reiss-ul-Ulema Mustafa Ceric of Bosnia's Islamic Community has condemned the stripping of 150 people's citizenship, saying that "the state doesn't have the right to discriminate based on religion, appearance, nationality or origin."

The Wahhabis are blamed for setting up terror camps and encouraging Bosnian Muslims into radicalism. In February, one particular case of Wahhabi indoctrination shocked the nation. A 23-year old convert to Wahhabism tried to get his mother to come to morning prayers. When she refused, he murdered her. Still stained in blood, the young convert went to his "Wahhabi" mosque and proudly announced that he had just made "a sacrifice to God".

Confronting the Wahhabis By Stephen Schwartz TCS Daily, December 19, 2006 http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=121906A "The dogs bark, the caravan moves on." That Middle Eastern proverb could well describe the events surrounding production of the world's most-hyped dud firecracker, the Iraq Study Group Report. After immense agonies in the mainstream media (MSM), those like myself who predicted the report, once released, would largely be ignored by President George W. Bush, are being proven right and neoconservatives who support a continued commitment to the transformation of Iraq have exhibited renewed influence.  Only a couple of lines in the report were worthy of comment. One appears on page 29 of the printed version: "Funding for the Sunni insurgency (sic) comes from private individuals within Saudi Arabia." This was the first time anybody connected to the U.S. government acknowledged something known throughout the Muslim world. That is, Sunni terrorism in Iraq is not an insurgency, but an invasion; the "foreign fighters" are mainly Saudi, as revealed when their deaths are covered in Saudi media, replete with photographs of the "martyrs." But this obscure comment was overlooked by most of the MSM, which is also befuddled by the recent sudden departure of Ambassador Turki al-Faisal from his post in the Royal Saudi Embassy in Washington. The MSM and a large part of the American government scratch their heads, barely capable of imagining that the revelation of the Saudi financing of Sunni terrorists in Iraq and the resignation of the kingdom's man in the U.S. would have anything in common.

 Yet they are linked. Liberal reformers in the milieu of Saudi King Abdullah point out that Abdullah has called for an end to sectarian fighting in Iraq and has demanded that Shia Muslims no longer be called unbelievers by the Wahhabi clerics that still function, unfortunately, as the official interpreters of Islam in the Saudi kingdom. Abdullah has promised to spend $450 million on an ultra-modern security fence along the Saudi-Iraqi border. Ambassador Turki, it is said, supports Abdullah in these worthy goals.  But King Abdullah and the overwhelming Saudi majority, who want to live in a normal country, are opposed by the Wahhabi-line faction in the royal family. The pro-Wahhabi clique is led by three individuals: Prince Sultan Ibn Abd al-Aziz, minister of defense; Prince Bandar, predecessor of Turki as ambassador to Washington; and Sultan's brother, Prince Nayef. Nayef is notorious for having been the first prominent figure in the Muslim world to try to blame the atrocities of September 11, 2001 on Israel. He is deeply feared both inside and outside Saudi Arabia for his extremism.

 

Saudi sources indicate that King Abdullah is assembling his forces for a decisive confrontation with the reactionaries. Part of the Wahhabi-line strategy is to depict a U.S. leadership in conflict with King Abdullah, to undermine the monarch's credibility. That is why different versions of a meeting between U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney and King Abdullah, late last month, circulate in the MSM and the blogosphere.  According to credible reports, Cheney urged Abdullah to stiffen action against Saudi-Wahhabi involvement in the Iraqi bloodletting. According to unreliable gadflies, King Abdullah commanded Cheney's presence, to demand that the U.S. immediately attack Iran. But the claim that King Abdullah summoned and berated Cheney does not ring true. King Abdullah is too polite, and Cheney does not take such orders, according to those who know both men. Many leading clerics and intellectuals among Sunni Muslims indicate that King Abdullah has effectively told the Wahhabis that they will no longer receive official subsidies, and must end their violent jihad around the world. The greatest impact of this development may be seen in Iraq, but Wahhabis everywhere have begun to worry about their future. In a totalitarian system like Wahhabism, the weakest links snap first. And the beginning of the end for them may now be visible in the Muslim Balkans. That the crisis of Wahhabi credibility would become manifest simultaneously in Washington, Baghdad, and Sarajevo might seem counter-intuitive to many Westerners, especially given that the former Yugoslavia is considered by foreigners to be marginal and insignificant. But for those who know the Islamic world, it makes perfect sense. The Saudis have tried for almost 15 years to use the difficulties of Bosnian and other local Islamic folk to drive the Balkan Muslims away from their traditional, spiritual, and peaceful form of Islam into Wahhabi radicalism. But Wahhabi agitators who went to ex-Yugoslavia to sow discord and reap recruits for terror have begun to show deep anxiety

about the loss of their Saudi support, and now act in an ever more provocative and aggressive manner.  For their part, the Balkan Muslims are demonstrating an attitude of disgust and repudiation toward their alleged Saudi patrons, such that the Muslim Balkans may become the first "Wahhabi-free zone" in the global Islamic community, or umma. Months ago, Bosnian chief Islamic cleric Mustafa Ceric issued a document readable here, stating, "the most perilous force destabilizing the umma presently is from the inside." The Bosnians, according to Ceric, are "determined in [their] intention to protect the originality of the centuries-long tradition of the Islamic Community in Bosnia-Hercegovina." In October 2006, imam Dzemo Redzematovic, leader of the Slavic Muslim minority in newly-independent Montenegro denounced the Wahhabis for "introducing a new approach to Islamic rules [that] is unnecessary and negative because it creates a rift among the believers" and "claims some exclusive right to interpret Islamic rules."  The Wahhabis had lost their chance in Bosnia-Hercegovina but were under close scrutiny in Montenegro. They were also active over the border, in southern Serbia. On November 3, as described here, a group of fanatics disrupted Friday prayers at a mosque in the town of Novipazar, assailing the imam for refusing to follow their "guidance." In the ensuing affray, two local Muslims allegedly replaced "the weapons of criticism" with "the criticism of weapons," and the Wahhabis were met with gunfire. Iraq, it seemed, had come to ex-Yugoslavia. I was in Sarajevo when this incident occurred, and the outrage of the local Muslims against the Wahhabi interlopers was palpable then and has grown more aggravated since. Bosnian Muslim intellectuals became more militant in their anti-Wahhabi idiom. On November 18, a distinguished professor of Arabic at the University of Sarajevo, Esad Durakovic, wrote, "The snowball called Wahhabism has been rolling down the Bosnian hill, but it is still not certain which side is going to be struck by the avalanche.... Wahhabi efforts are extremely decisive and resolute... the response has to be more appropriate and urgent... Wahhabis are wrong when they think that they can act as a Taliban in Europe (just as they are wrong about everything else)... We have to act immediately." (translation here) A week later, on November 25, Professor Resid Hafizovic of the Faculty of Islamic Studies of the University of Sarajevo was even bolder. An outstanding Balkan scholar of Sufism or Islamic spirituality, Hafizovic dramatically warned, "They Are Coming for Our Children." He accused the Wahhabis forthrightly:

 

"They are among us. By marrying related folk in our villages, towns, and cities, they have already infected our traditional social system. They are already present in our media, state administration and religious institutions: in our mosques, medresas, and academia, everywhere."

 Hafizovic identified the Wahhabi trail of blood traced through the past decade "Recognizing it as a continuation of the inferno in Iraq, Chechnya, Afghanistan, and Palestine, the most powerful civil and religious authorities... should immediately take responsibility for preventing the hell Wahhabis are constructing in this country."  Questioned on Bosnian television about the country's receipt of aid from Saudi Arabia during the Balkan Wars of the 1990s, Hafizovic said: "I would be very pleased if a full stop were put once and for all to the talk of the great and fabulous aid that Saudi Arabia has given [us]... Because we have to pay. The Saudis and their envoys keep asking us to pay... the price is such that we have to sell our people, our religion, our 500 years of religious and cultural tradition and legacy. And this is precisely what they want: our minds, our hearts, our souls... Let us put an end to this story once and for all and say: Dear [Saudi] gentlemen, if you keep rubbing our noses in the aid - and you are - we will give it back to you." Hafizovic and other Bosnian Muslim clerics and intellectuals call Wahhabism a virus. Given these developments, global eradication of the Wahhabi virus may be in sight.

Islamic Community seeks resignation of Minister of Religion

http://www.emportal.rs/en/news/serbia/89352.html

27. May 2009. | 11:08

Source: Beta

The Meshihat of the Islamic Community in Serbia on May 25 asked Serbian Religion Minister Bogoljub Sijakovic to resign over the announcement that Mustafa Ceric, the raisu-l-ulema of the Islamic Community of Bosnia-Herzegovina, was not welcome in Serbia.

The Meshihat of the Islamic Community in Serbia on May 25 asked Serbian Religion Minister Bogoljub Sijakovic to resign over the announcement that Mustafa Ceric, the raisu-l-ulema of the Islamic Community of Bosnia-Herzegovina, was not welcome in Serbia.

The Meshihat also asked Serbian President Boris Tadic and Prime Minister Mirko Cvetkovic to distance themselves from the position of the Ministry of Religion.

On May 22, the ministry announced that Ceric was not welcome in Serbia because of threats against Serbia he made during his stay in several cities in Sandzak.

The Islamic Community in Serbia, headed by chief mufti Muamer Zukorlic, which operates within the Riyasat in Bosnia-Herzegovina, has announced that, at an extraordinary session of the Meshihat, the ministry's position had been declared an insult and libel against the utmost authority of Muslims in the Balkans.

The Meshihat concluded that the ministry's view "clearly illustrated" the relationship of state agencies toward Muslims in Serbia, which has resulted in attacks on the autonomy and equality of the Islamic Community.

The religious community also asked Bosniak ministers and MPs to reconsider their participation in the government and parliament of Serbia.

"If the responsible state organs treat these demands irresponsibly, the Meshihat will end its cooperation with the Ministry of Religion," the Meshihat's conclusions state.

There are two Islamic communities in Serbia -- one that is a part of the Riyasat in Bosnia, and the Islamic Community of Serbia, which elected Adem Zilkic as its raisu-l-ulema.

http://acommonword.com/en/a-common-word/11-new-fruits-of-a-common-word/188-a-common-word-wins-the-eugen-biser-award-of-2008.html

A Common Word wins the Eugen Biser Award of 2008

The Eugen Biser Award was conferred on the essential contributors to that thought-provoking Open Letter "A Common Word Between Us and You"

to the Christian Churches, dated October 13, 2007

H. R. H. Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad bin TalalThe Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Shaykh Al-Habib Ali Zain Al-Abidin Al-JifriUnited Arab Emirates

Reisu-l-Ulema Dr. Mustafa CerićGrand Mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina

in recognition of their extraordinary contribution to Muslim-Christian dialogue and their consequent and blessed endeavours towards peace

among the nations.

The Award was presented at a ceremony in Munich, Germany, on November 22, 2008.

The Council of the Foundation unanimously agreed to grant the Award on those here named. The foundation is conscious of the honour and recognition reflected on it by their willingness to receive the Eugen Biser Award.

Eugen Biser developed his life’s work in dialogue and argument with the original texts of Christianity, with Christianity’s history and not least with the spiritual situation of our own times, which are marked by secularism and atheism. At the core of his thinking is the understanding of God which Jesus transmitted to us – that God is the father of unconditional love. The love of God, which finds concrete expression as the love of one’s neighbour, is the indispensable basis for a Christian existence.

It is difficult to imagine a closer agreement in origin and aim, than that contained in the epochal Open Letter of Muslim Scholars "A Common Word Between Us and You". Inter-religious dialogue - without abandoning one’s own identity - is the duty of both responsible Christians and Muslims, above all since there can and will be no peace among people if there is not peace among the religions.

FrontPageMag.com Articles By Robert Spencer Articles By Hugh Fitzgerald Books

Islam 101 Qur'an Commentary Robert Spencer Bio

« Ahmadinejad urges Muslims to unite against "the enemy" | Main | New York Times notices how jihadists echo Nazi Jew-hatred »February 25, 2009Jihad gaining ground in Bosnia

The genuine atrocities committed by the Milosevic regime have become an all-purpose excuse for many to ignore the growing influence of the jihad doctrine and Islamic supremacism in the Balkans, and to defame those who oppose the jihad in Bosnia, Kosovo, and the surrounding regions as supporters of fascism and genocide. This includes people who have dedicated their lives to the defense of the principles of non-establishment of religion and the equality of rights of all people before the law as cornerstones of a just society.

For evidence of just how irresponsible and stupid -- and, above all, jihad-abetting -- this is, see this article from today's Spiegel about the spread of jihadism in Sarajevo.

"Islamists Gain Ground in Sarajevo," by Walter Mayr in Spiegel, February 25 (thanks to all who sent this in):

Radical Muslim imams and nationalist politicians from all camps are threatening Sarajevo's multicultural legacy. With the help of Arab benefactors, the deeply devout are acquiring new recruits. In the "Jerusalem of the Balkans," Islamists are on the rise.

The obliteration of Israel is heralded in a torrent of words. "Zionist terrorists," the imam thunders from the glass-enclosed pulpit at the end of the mosque. "Animals in human form" have transformed the Gaza Strip into a "concentration camp," and this marks "the beginning of the end" for the Jewish pseudo-state.

Over 4,000 faithful are listening to the religious service in the King Fahd Mosque, named after the late Saudi Arabian monarch King Fahd Bin Abd al-Asis Al Saud. The women sit separately, screened off in the left wing of the building. It is the day of the Khutbah, the great Friday sermon, and the city where the imam has predicted Israel's demise lies some 2,000 kilometers (1,240 miles) northwest of Gaza.

It is a city in the heart of Europe: Sarajevo.

"Tea or coffee?" Shortly after stepping down from the pulpit, Nezim Halilovic -- the imam and fiery speaker of the King Fahd Mosque -- reveals himself to be the perfect Bosnian host. He has fruits, nuts and sweetened gelatin served in his quarters behind the house of worship. A chastely-dressed wife and four children add themselves to the picture. It's a scene of domestic tranquility that stands in stark contrast to the railing sermon of the controversial Koran scholar.

Familiar Allegations

Sarajevo's King Fahd Mosque was built with millions of Saudi dollars as the largest house of worship for Muslims in the Balkans. The mosque has a reputation as a magnet for Muslim fundamentalists in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and the imam is said to be the patron of the Wahhabites, although they call themselves Salafites, after an ultra-conservative movement in Sunni Islam.

Halilovic is familiar with the allegations and the usual accompanying thought patterns: Wahhabite equals al-Qaida, which equals a worldwide terror network. He says he has nothing to do with that, but he "cannot forbid a Muslim from worshiping in my mosque according to his own rites." He explains the general air of suspicion surrounding the King Fahd Mosque as follows: "The West is annoyed that many Muslims are returning to their faith, instead of sneaking by the mosque to the bar, as they used to do, to drink alcohol and eat pork."

Many Bosnians have despised "the West" since 1992, when the United Nations arms embargo seriously impeded the military resistance of the Muslims in their war against the Serb aggressors. It wasn't until four years later, and after 100,000 people had died, that the international community -- at the urging and under the leadership of the US -- finally put an end to the slaughter. Over 80 percent of the dead civilians in the Bosnian War were Muslims.

This traumatic experience left a deep mark on the traditionally cosmopolitan Muslim Bosnians -- and opened the door to the Islamists. Years later, the religious fundamentalists have declared the attacks by Christian Serbs and Croats a "crusade" by infidels -- and painted themselves as the steadfast protectors of Muslim Bosnians.

Imam Halilovic served during the war as commander of the Fourth Muslim Brigade. A photo shows him standing next to a 155 milimeter howitzer, dressed in black combat fatigues, a flowing beard and a scarf wrapped around his head. He witnessed the arrival of the first religious warriors from countries in the Middle East and northern Africa. These fighters brought ideological seeds that have now found fertile ground -- the beliefs of the Salafites, Islamic fundamentalists who orient themselves according to the alleged unique, pure origin of their religion and reject all newer Islamic traditions. [...]

Bosnia's capital city still remains a bustling town with well-stocked bars, concerts and garish advertisements for sexy lingerie. Men with billowing trousers and full beards and women with full-body veils are still a relatively rare sight on the streets. The last reports of sharia militias intervening against public kissing in parks on the outskirts of town date back two years ago.

According to a survey conducted in 2006, however, over 3 percent of all Muslim Bosnians -- over 60,000 men and women -- profess the Wahhabi creed, and an additional 10 percent say that they sympathize with the devout defenders of morals. But since the radicals and their Arab benefactors have been subject to heightened surveillance in the wake of 9/11, they tend to keep a low profile. [...]

The older generation of Muslims in Sarajevo's mosques now has to listen to lectures from bearded missionaries on what is "halal" and "haram" -- lawful and forbidden -- as if they and their ancestors had been living according to a misconception for over half a millennium. To protest this, the imam of the time-honored Emperor's Mosque has temporarily locked the doors of his house of worship -- for the first time in its nearly 450-year history.

This clash of civilizations also takes place in less prominent places, like the Internet forums of the Bosnian Web site Studio Din. Here the heirs of the officially godless, socialist Yugoslavia can learn about the Salafi doctrine. They ask questions that have to do with everyday life -- listening to music, smoking, earning money -- but also questions dealing with clothing and moral rules.

The answers from the preachers on the Web are unequivocal: "Music is forbidden in Islam, listening to instruments is a sin." "Smoking is forbidden in Islam." "Whoever works as a cleaning lady at a bank that charges its customers interest is an accessory to a sin. It's no different than having cleaning ladies in bars and brothels."

In October, 2008, the Baden-Württemberg state branch of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, Germany's domestic intelligence agency, conducted a study on the Studio Din Web site, which is also regularly visited by Bosnians living in exile. Entries in the forum -- which include discussions on jihad, the holy war, as a direct way of reaching Allah -- indicate time and again visitors from the Wahhabi King Fahd Mosque in Sarajevo, Imam Halilovic's flock.

Could a radical, potentially violent parallel society be emerging in the Muslim dominated region of the war-torn republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, eight months after the signing of the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the European Union?

Explosive Belts

There are indications of this. Resid Hafizovic, a professor at the Islamic University, was the first to speak of a "potentially deadly virus" in Bosnian society. The head of the Bosnian federal police has recently admitted that there is a growing threat of "terrorism with an Islamistic character" and has cited indications that suicide bombers have begun to equip themselves with explosive belts.

"They have everything to blow themselves up. Whether they do it depends on the orders from their leaders," says Esad Hecimovic, author of a standard work on the mujahedeen in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Last March, officials of the special anti-terror unit arrested five men, including four Salafites in Sarajevo.

The Bosnian leader of the group, a former fighter in the Al-Mujahedeen Brigade, reportedly has sponsors in Germany and Austria who helped him acquire explosives. In connection with the arrests, police conducted raids in remote mountain areas and seized caches of arms and military equipment that were used for combat training exercises.

After discovering that some of the masterminds behind 9/11, such as Khalid Scheikh Mohammed, had been active in Bosnia, international pressure increased on the government in Sarajevo in 2002. Foundations were closed and police searched the Sarajevo office of the Saudi High Commissioner for Aid to Bosnia, which had until then enjoyed the protection of the United States.

Al-Qaida veteran Ali Hamad from Bahrain and Syrian-born Abu Hamza are currently in custody on the outskirts of Sarajevo and awaiting deportation. Intelligence sources say that Hamza secretly channeled money between Arab sponsors and Bosnian Salafites. The amount of €500 -- an average monthly salary -- is reportedly rewarded for every woman who decides to wear a full-body veil.

The Islamists are slowly but surely permeating the firm ground upon which Sarajevo's society stands. They are influencing men like the quiet, bearded cab driver who waits for customers day after day at the bridge where the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Habsburg throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated in June, 1914. On the evening of Sept. 24, 2008, the cabbie suddenly appeared at the front of a protest, right in the midst of those who shouted "Allahu akbar!" at the police line in front the Art Academy of Fine Arts and attacked visitors to Bosnia's first gay and lesbian festival.

Wahhabites scuffled alongside common hooligans. Eight people were injured and all subsequent events were canceled. Srdjan Dizdarevic, chairman of the Bosnian Helsinki Committee for Human Rights -- an independent, nonprofit organization for the protection, promotion and monitoring of human rights in Bosnia-Herzegovina -- spoke afterwards of a defeat for civil society, of "fascist rhetoric" leading up to the incident, and called it reminiscent of the "pogroms that happened in the times of Adolf Hitler."

'We Are only Interested in Opening Ourselves as an Islamic Society'

The fact of the matter is that politicians from all parties are playing the background music to a radicalization that threatens not just the secular character of Bosnia, but also the unity of this country comprised of Muslims, Serbs and Croats. This includes some local politicians who have demanded that school classes be strictly divided according to religious confessions -- and in December, 2008 obtained the first ban affecting state-run daycare centers in Sarajevo. The ban concerned the Christian Santa Claus who, until then, even Muslim children had revered as "Little Father Frost." [...]

[Bosnian Mufti Mustafa] Ceric has never left any doubts about his deep roots in the liberal Bosnian Islamic tradition. But the fact that he does not shy away from maintaining close contacts with the Salafit camp, including one-time Osama bin Laden mentor Sheikh Salman al-Auda from Saudi Arabia, has drawn criticism. "Totally unfounded," says Ceric: "We are only interested in opening ourselves as an Islamic society."

Sure enough, he recently even allowed a woman and her film crew to enter the King Fahd Mosque. The huge, Saudi monumental style building made of gray-brown sprinkled

marble looks like a UFO -- complete with antennas shaped like minarets -- stranded among high-rise apartment buildings on the edge of Sarajevo. [...]

The film was about a man who became an "Islamist." Read it all.

Bosnian Serb analysts criticize Islamic head's mention of jihad during sermon

BBC Monitoring Europe (Political) - October 27, 2006, Friday

Text of report by D. Momic entitled "Old note of politics", published by Bosnian Serb newspaper Glas Srpske on 27 October - subheading as published

Reis-ul-Ulema Mustafa Ceric, Islamic Community leader in Bosnia-Herzegovina, in his address to the faithful on the first day of Bairam in Sarajevo's central mosque, sent a political message for an umpteenth time.

Ceric said that "the Muslims in B-H have experienced having to move, and jihad [holy war]". He asked them "to pay respect to those who died for their faith, that is, to shahids [martyrs]," thereby recognizing that the Muslims waged a religious war in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Sociologist Ivan Sijakovic believes that Ceric's words can be interpreted in two ways, but he emphasizes that, because of the general atmosphere in the world, one needs to be very cautious when mentioning the word jihad.

"The jihad for Muslims means a holy war for liberation, while for the civilized Western world, it is associated with terrorism and the imposition of faith by force," Sijakovic has said.

This is exactly the reason, in Professor Sijakovic's opinion, why religious leaders must be cautious, and they should not send such messages, particularly not during the week of the greatest Muslim holiday, because this is the day when there should be talk about peace, tolerance, and the importance of faith.

"Such messages are not of a religious nature and do not deal with the spiritual relationship between God and people. Once this line is crossed, one enters into political waters," Sijakovic said.

However, this is not surprising, he says, because there has been an evident aspiration recently expressed by the Islamic Community and its leader in Bosnia-Hercegovina to interfere in what is not their business.

"The Islamic Community wishes to play a dominant role in society and to impose its opinion, to behave as someone who sets up moral criteria. This will definitely not place B-H among secular and democratic countries, which is not good," Prof Sijakovic concludes.

Political analyst Tanja Topic agrees with Sijakovic, and says that jihad is "a loaded word, particularly in our situation".

"We know that there are still three truths in Bosnia-Hercegovina about the war, so any mention of jihad surely represents a step backward in establishing trust among the ethnic groups in Bosnia-Hercegovina," Topic says, adding that mentioning jihad is not in the spirit of the greatest Muslim holiday.

Besides, Topic notes, we should not forget that the religious institutions and their leaders are very influential in Bosnia-Hercegovina, and their words carry much more weight than those of the politicians.

She agrees with Sijakovic that the Islamic Community and Reis-ul-Ulema Ceric have tried for a long time to assume a dominant role in B-H social and political life.

"The best illustration of this is the recent election. By openly supporting Haris Silajdzic, Ceric ensured him a seat in the B-H Presidency, because Ceric's words have the strongest influence on the Bosniaks [Muslims]," Topic has said.

In her view, the state must solve this problem, because the religious institutions must be shown their place, and their political influence must be reduced.

http://www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=a96ciareport#a96ciareport

International Islamic Relief Organization logo. [Source: International Islamic Relief Organization]The CIA creates a report for the State Department detailing support for terrorism from prominent Islamic charities. The report, completed just as the Bosnian war is winding down, focuses on charity fronts that have helped the mujaheddin in Bosnia. It concludes that of more than 50 Islamic nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in existence, “available information indicates that approximately one-third… support terrorist groups or employ individuals who are suspected of having terrorist connections.” The report notes that most of the offices of NGOs active in Bosnia are located in Zagreb, Sarajevo, Zenica, and Tuzla. There are coordination councils there organizing the work

of the charity fronts. The report notes that some charities may be “backed by powerful interest groups,” including governments. “We continue to have evidence that even high ranking members of the collecting or monitoring agencies in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Pakistan - such as the Saudi High Commission - are involved in illicit activities, including support for terrorists.” The Wall Street Journal will later comment, “Disclosure of the report may raise new questions about whether enough was done to cut off support for terrorism before the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001… and about possible involvement in terrorism by Saudi Arabian officials.” [Central Intelligence Agency, 1/1996; Wall Street Journal, 5/9/2003] The below list of organizations paraphrases or quotes the report, except for informational asides in parentheses. The International Islamic Relief Organization (IIRO). “The IIRO is affiliated with the

Muslim World League, a major international organization largely financed by the government of Saudi Arabia.” The IIRO has funded Hamas, Algerian radicals, Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya (a.k.a. the Islamic Group, an Egyptian radical militant group led by Sheikh Omar Abdul-Rahman), Ramzi Yousef, and six militant training camps in Afghanistan. “The former head of the IIRO office in the Philippines, Mohammad Jamal Khalifa, has been linked to Manila-based plots to target the Pope and US airlines; his brother-in-law is Osama bin Laden.” Al Haramain Islamic Foundation. It has connections to Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya and

helps support the mujaheddin battalion in Zenica. Their offices have been connected to smuggling, drug running, and prostitution. Human Concern International, headquartered in Canada. Its Swedish branch is said to be

smuggling weapons to Bosnia. It is claimed “the entire Peshawar office is made up of [Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya] members.” The head of its Pakistan office (Ahmed Said Khadr) was arrested recently for a role in the bombing of the Egyptian embassy in Pakistan (see November 19, 1995). (It will later be discovered that Khadr is a founder and major leader of al-Qaeda (see Summer 2001 and January 1996-September 10, 2001).)

Third World Relief Agency (TWRA). Headquartered in Sudan, it has ties to Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya. “The regional director of the organization, Elfatih Hassanein, is the most influential [charity] official in Bosnia. He is a major arms supplier to the government, according to clandestine and press reporting, and was forced to relocate his office from Zagreb in 1994 after his weapons smuggling operations were exposed. According to a foreign government service, Hassanein supports US Muslim extremists in Bosnia.” One TWRA employee alleged to also be a member of Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya carried out a suicide car bombing in Rijeka, Croatia (see October 20, 1995). The Islamic African Relief Agency (IARA). Based in Sudan, it has offices in 30

countries. It is said to be controlled by Sudan’s ruling party and gives weapons to the Bosnian military in concert with the TWRA. (The US government will give the IARA $4 million in aid in 1998 (see February 19, 2000).) Benevolence International Foundation (BIF) (the report refers to it by an alternate name,

Lajnat al-Birr al-Islamiyya (LBI)). It supports mujaheddin in Bosnia. It mentions “one Zagreb employee, identified as Syrian-born US citizen Abu Mahmud,” as involved in a kidnapping in Pakistan (see July 4, 1995). [Central Intelligence Agency, 1/1996] (This is a known alias (Abu Mahmoud al Suri) for Enaam Arnaout, the head of BIF’s US office.) [USA v. Enaam M. Arnaout, 10/6/2003, pp. 37   ] This person “matches the

description… of a man who was allegedly involved in the kidnapping of six Westerners in Kashmir in July 1995, and who left Pakistan in early October for Bosnia via the United States.” Maktab al-Khidamat (MAK), a.k.a. Al-Kifah. This group has ties to Ramzi Yousef,

Osama bin Laden, Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya, and possibly Hezbollah. Both the former director of its Zagreb office [Kamer Eddine Kherbane] and his deputy [Hassan Hakim] were senior members of Algerian extremist groups. Its main office in Peshawar, Pakistan, funds at least nine training camps in Afghanistan. “The press has reported that some employees of MAK’s New York branch were involved in the World Trade Center bombing [in 1993].” (Indeed, the New York branch, known as the Al-Kifah Refugee Center, is closely linked to the WTC bombing and the CIA used it as a conduit to send money to Afghanistan (see January 24, 1994). Muwafaq Foundation. Registered in Britain but based in Sudan, it has many offices in

Bosnia. It has ties to Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya and “helps fund the Egyptian Mujahedin Battalion in Bosnia” and “at least one training camp in Afghanistan” (see 1991-1995). Qatar Charitable Society, based in Qatar. It has possible ties to Hamas and Algerian

militants. A staff member in Qatar is known to be a Hamas operative who has been monitored discussing militant operations. (An al-Qaeda defector will later reveal that in 1993 he was told this was one of al-Qaeda’s three most important charity fronts (see 1993)). Red Crescent (Iran branch). Linked to the Iranian government, it is “Often used by the

Iranian [intelligence agency] as cover for intelligence officers, agents, and arms shipments.” Saudi High Commission. “The official Saudi government organization for collecting and

disbursing humanitarian aid.” Some members possibly have ties to Hamas and Algerian militants (see 1996 and After). Other organizations mentioned are the Foundation for Human Rights, Liberties, and

Humanitarian Relief (IHH) (a.k.a. the International Humanitarian Relief Organization), Kuwait Joint Relief Committee (KJRC), the Islamic World Committee, and Human Appeal International. [Central Intelligence Agency, 1/1996] After 9/11, former National Security Council official Daniel Benjamin will say that the NSC repeatedly questioned the CIA with inquiries about charity fronts. “We knew there was a big problem between [charities] and militants. The CIA report “suggests they were on the job, and, frankly, they were on the job.” [Wall Street Journal, 5/9/2003] However, very little action is taken on the information before 9/11. None of the groups mentioned will be shut down or have their assets seized.

Letter From Sarajevo

By Brian Whitmore

This article appeared in the August 18, 2003 edition of The Nation . http://www.thenation.com/doc/20030818/whitmore

July 31, 2003

Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina

The Rev. Franklin Graham ought to visit Sarajevo. So, for that matter, should anybody else who thinks Islam "is a very evil and wicked religion," as Graham said it was shortly after the September 11 attacks; or that it is extreme and violent, as the conservative Christian televangelist Pat Robertson said of the faith last year.

And while strolling the smooth cobblestone streets of the Bosnian capital's Old Town, anybody holding such views might do well to stop in the city's Central Mosque and listen to what Grand Mufti Mustafa Ceric, leader of the nation's 1.6 million Muslims, has to say. In his speeches, Ceric has been known to quote the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi as often as he cites the Koran. He has also led calls for an "Islamic avant-garde" to promote human rights and democracy; frequently celebrates the historic and spiritual links among Islam, Christianity and Judaism; and implores Muslims to be careful about using words like "jihad." To Muslims, Ceric says, the word "may mean many good things, but to non-Muslims it means only one thing: violent actions against their faith." For Bosnian Muslims to live among other religions in a small country, he says, is a sign of strength rather than weakness. "I believe neither the weak nor the aggressive will inherit the earth, but the cooperative," Ceric said in a 2001 speech in Vienna titled "Islam Against Terrorism."

Ceric is about as tolerant and ecumenical as religious leaders come. But his views are neither unique nor on the liberal fringe here. Rather, they tend to reflect and reinforce those of the vast majority of Bosnia's Muslims, who make up 44 percent of the country's 3.7 million people. Despite a genocidal war from 1992 to 1995, in which Muslims were the main victims, Islam in Bosnia remains an astonishingly broad-minded faith that has largely made its peace with other religions, the West, modernity, democracy and the separation of mosque and state. This has remained true despite an influx of fundamentalists during the war who--funded largely by the Saudis and preaching the strict Wahhabi form of Islam--have led efforts to radicalize the country.