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Transcript of 118 Transportation Then and Now.pdf
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Transportation
Then ndNowJamesStyring
Read nd discover l l about ransportatlonin the pastand oday ... What were the first planesmadeof?. How ast can solar cars ravel?
Read nddiscover ore bout he worldlThis eries f non-f ict ioneadersrovides
interestingndeducationaIontent, l thactivit ies ndproject ork.
Series ditor: azeIGeatches
@Rudio DPack vaitabte
/ a nl8ou*?*',',
Cover hotograph: obertHardingWortd magery Tranrrrblri lrerl |xrlton ft| ldtr
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Transportationsthe movement f people r goods
fromoneplace o another.We can ransporthings n
thewater, n he air,or over and.We
canuseanimals,
vehicles, r ustour eet.Sometimes e travel or
work,andsometimesor vacation r ust or un.
What ransportationan ouseehere?
What ransportationave ouused?
Whatother ransportationoyouknow?
l l rr' . l r ' ,1 r., l 'rr[1,1],,1 l '.rl r'r l t , l i l ,r.ttt l tr1l . i l l (l
\' l l i l r.ri l ,rl t , (1 ,,, i l r, r,,
ow read nddiscover ore bout ransportation
,lt
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flhen ndNowUntilabout ,00Oears go,people ad o walkeverywhere.henheystartedo useanimalsor
Peopleused horsesand donkeys for transportation
in lots of places.Peoplealso used camels n Africa,
elephants n Asia, and llamas n South America.
Peoplestill use animals or transportation today.
The irst ehiclesPeople made rafts from tree trunks. They floated
on their rafts along rivers and on lakes. t was easier
than swimming, and they didn't get wet.These were
the first vehicles.
Sleds were like rafts,
but they were used on
land. They were useful
because t's easier o
pull heavy things than
to lift them.
TheWheelAbout 51500yearsago,people
addedwheels o sleds.Farmers
and traders made carts with
two or four wooden wheels.
Cows and horsespulled the
carts. Carts with wheels were
much faster than sleds.
The wheel is one of the most important inventions
in history, and today you can seewheels everywhere.
Cars, buses, rucks, trains, bicycles,motorcycles,
and planes all havewheels. il(rheelsare important
ln englnes, too.
A truckwitha lot of trailers scalled road rain.The ongest oadtrainwasAustratian.
It had117 railerswith 2,126wheels
transportation.ater,peoplenvented ehicles.
Animals
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r , i - ii t rcnal ransportat ionUntil about 10,000yearsago,people ived in small
family groups and they didn't travel a lot. Then, as
villagesand towns becamebigger,peoplehad to travel
to find food. Peopleused animals o carry goods ike
meat and fur.
Then about 61000yearsago,peoplestarted to travel
long distances o trade metals,salt, and spices.Ships
began rading in the Middle East 4,500 yearsago.
Peopleused ships becauseanimals could not travel
over water. Soon, peoplewere trading all around
Europe and Asia.
TradersookChinesesitk o Europetonghe
SitkRoad ,500 ears
ago. hey sed orses
and ametso carryhe
TransportationodayToday, every country in the world useswater, air,
and land transportation to trade food, fuel, clothes,
and other goods ike cars and televisions.
Tourists started to go on vacation by train and boat
200 yearsago.From about 1960, with the invention of
largepassenger lanes, ourism becamevery popular.
Today, about 900 million tourists travel to anothercounffy every year.
In 2001, an American calledDennis Tito was the first
space ourist. He flew in a Russianspaceship o the
International SpaceStation. tVill tourists travel to
the moon one dav?
-rnGo o pages 6-37 or activities. ,i;
silkmorehan3,000 ilometers.
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\fi@@tumdWe useboats ndshipso transport assengersndfreight.Boats ndships an ravelalong ivers nd
acrossakes ndoceans.Whatboats r ships ave
The first vehicles hat people used on water were rafts
made from tree trunks.Then more than 51000years
ago,peoplemade canoes. hey usedpaddles o power
their canoes.Peoplestill use canoes oday.
ln t947,ThorHeyerdahtuitta raftsimilaro theancientafts. esaitedKon-Tiki ,000 itometersromPeruo an slandn he Pacific cean.
tIt
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t'' t
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The ix"st&:ipsEgyptian traderssailed he first ships about 4,500years ago on the River Nile. Later, the Ancient Greeks
sailed arger ships around the Mediterranean Sea.
Their shipswere fast because hey used sails,and at
the same ime men rowed with oars.Traders sailed
between he Middle East and India in small ships with
triangular sails.Chinese,Korean, and Japaneseraders
had largeshipswith squaresails.
Chinesepeople nvented he
compassabout 21000 ears
ago. Compasses oint to
north, and they help people
to sail in the right direction
acrossoceans. hey are still
important for sailors oday.i i r 1:1i
you raveled nj'
; { t - . ' '
Thw :6rs*fiq:uxts
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' l ' lrc Vil<.ingsir.ed n Dcnmark, Norlvav, and Su,cden
rut roLrt. ( )00vearsago.Tl ' revsai ledaround Europe,
ancl hcl crossed he At lant ic Ocean to Canada.At
thc sumc time, hundrcds of ships \\ 'ere rading betu'een
. fapan, iorca, China, and count r ies n SoutheastAsia.
I i ronr about 1500' Europcan ships sai lccl o North
anclSout l - r r - r - rcr ica,f r ica, and Asia. ' fhci r journcvs
s()mct intcs ()okvcars.A lot of s l - r ips ank clur ing
st () r lns. ' l 'hcships \ 'crcsmall ar-rc ihc sai l r l rs \ 'crc
brar,c. )irates oftcr-tattackcclsl-ri1-lsnci stole golcl
itncl silvcr.
Af tcr : lbout 1800,shipsbccl r r -ncmportant f i r r
in tcrnat ional trade in goocls ikc cof - fbe)ca. , nd spices.Sl-rips ecamc bigger, and thc1,' ad a lot of sails o help
then-rso faster.
I '
,y1
t,ut
li
* r t r . . j
Stcam cngi r- rcsou'crcclm()st s l - r ips f tcr about 1850.
Stcam ships haclpropcl lcrsanci hcl ' \ \ 'crc f i rstcr l - ran
sail ing ships.Tirdav, wc makc modcrn sl'rips ron-t
r -ncta l ,nd
t l-rcir ngincs use oi l or diescl .J-hcre are
about 35,000 corru lcrc ia l ships arouncl hc r . lor ld.
Freighters carrv fbod and clothes., upcrtankers
t ransport o i l , and cruise ships carr \ .passengers n
vacation. I(orea builds the most sl-rinsn the world.
{
'\t
1A.
nryuiLtQ'Zt-::S'*>
t;l( .-\"- \ r /
somesupertankers
areas ongas he al testskyscrapers.nockNevi
is 458 meters ong.
Sai tors sebicycteso
t raveI long he ship
Go o pages 8-39 or act iv i t ies.
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Transportationecamemuch aster fter heinvention f engines. eusebuseso transport
people ndgoods,ruckso transportreight, ndtrains o transport eople nd reight.
In 1804,RichardTrevithick built the first train in\Walesin the United I{ingdom. fts steamengineused
coal to heat water.The hot water made steam,and the
steampowered he engine.The train moved along two
metal trackscalleda railroad. In 1825, he world's firstrailroad systemopened n the United I(ngdom. Soon,
railroadswith steam rains were common all around
the world. By 1930,steam rains could travel at about
150kilometersper hour.:,,,,.,:r:r"r,,.':,i i, ':,,:.:,:
ln 1862 the first underground train systemopened
in London in the United ICngdom.Today, more than
160 cities around the world have underground trains.
Modern trains have electricmotors or dieselengines.
Some ong-distance rains have restaurants,and
sleepercars with beds for passengerso sleep n. Trains
are good because hey use ess uel per passengerhan
cars,buses, r planes.Somehigh-speed rains can
travel at more than 300 kilometersper hour.
ffi".lQJ rhe tongestrainjourneyn hewortd
is 9,288 ilometers.he
Trans-Sierian xpresstakes ixdays o travelacross ussia,ro mMoscowo Vladivostok.
--=-**{tt':.oscow I*\ \\-/ d
Vladivostok
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Hnrses pulled the first buses 200 yearsago.Buses
becamepopular as citiesbecamebigger,becausepeople raveledon buses o get to work. Modern buseshavedieselenginesor electricmotors. Most busescan
carry more than 40 passengers, nd somevery long,articulatedbusescan carry 120 people. n many
countries,specialbuses ake children to school. nplaceswith no trains,busescarry passengersong
distances etweencities.
In somecountries,busescarry a lot of passengers ndgoods. il7herethe hills are very big, peopleuse rucksinsteadof busesbecause hey are more powerful.
'frains can only go on railroads,but trucks can go
anyr;vhere here there are roads.Trucks can carry
many different things.Tanker trucks carry gasolineor
milk. Refrigerator rucks keep ood cold. In mining
areas, eopleusehuge trucks to carry coal and rocks.Long trucks often have a cab for the driver and a
separate railer for the freight.The cab with a separate
trailer helps ong trucks to turn. Some cabshave a
bed, so the driver can drive a long distanceand then
stop and sleep.
Go o pages 0-41 oractivit ies.
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In busycities,bicycles ndmotorcyclesre usefu[.Theyarenarrowso heycango pastcarsandbusesin traffic ams.Can ou rldea bicycte?
ff i la'p'eesThe first bicycleswere made of wood.Then
after 1850 they were made of metal. Early
bicycles,calledhigh-wheelbicycles,were
uncomfortable because hey had no
tires. The front wheel was very big,
and there were no gearsor brakes.
Cyclists often crashed.
Modern bicyclesare saferbecause
they havebrakes and their wheelsare
both the samesize.They alsohave
rubber tires so they are comfortable.
Peoplecycle to work or school, andfor fun and sport. Bicycles are good
because hey don'r produce pollution.
There re1,000mitlion icyclesn
HowBieyc{es'VmrkThe cyclist sits on the saddleand turns the pedals.
The pedalsmove the chain, and the chain powers the
back wheel. Gears help the bicycle to go faster, or to
go up hills. The cyclist stopsthe bicycle with the
brakes. t's good for cyclists o wear a helmet andgloves. hese protect their head and hands n a fall
or a crash.
6'm_ i3i
fd.&.,
brake
theworld, ndonly600mittion ars. f rontwhee{backwheel
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ff,6 r'*$
Cars re he mostpopularypeof motorizedtransportation.e usecars o go to workor school,ogo shopping,
nd or vacation. here re amilycars, astsports ars,andspecial ars ikepotice arsand axis.
Tfre { istoryf Carscan you imagine a world without cars?we have onlyhad cars or about l2o years.people laughed at thefirst cars.They were slow and noisy.Two Germanengineers,Daimler and Benz,
made the first car witha gasolineengine n 1885. t only had threewheels.
From about 1905, companies ike Rolls-Roycestarted
to make cars.They were very expensive ecause
peoplemade eachcarby hand.Then, in 1913, he
Ford Motor Company started o make their Model T
car in a special actory. Ford's factoriesproduced cars
quickly, so the Model T was less expensive han other
cars.By I 927 there were more than 15 millionModel Ts on the roads.
Gasoline n the USA was cheapand peoplewanted to
travel ong distances, o by 1950,American carswere
large. n Europe and Asia, drivers preferred small cars
that were better in city traffic.
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Most carshavea gasoline r a dieselengine. hedrivcr starrs he enginewith a key.The enginecanpowcr the front wheels, he back wheels,or al lfour wheels.The driver uses he pedals o gofaster, o changegears,and
to stop.Drivers ofautomaticcarsdon't need o change he gears.Cars usuallyhave ive gears or going forward andone gear or going backward.The driver turns thesteeringwheel and the steeringwheel turns thefront wheels.You have o wear a seatbelt toprotect yourself f there s a crash.Airbags alsoprotect you, but older carsdon't have hem.
Sportscars, ike
the BugattiVeyron,
are low.This helps
the car to go fast becauseair can move easilyover t. The
BugattiVeyrongoes aster han 400 kilometersper hour.
It costs1.5 million US dollars,and the peoplewho
make the carshaveonly sold a few hundred since hey
started o produce hem in 2005.
The PeelP50 is the
smallest ar n the world.It was irst made n I 963.
It's 134 centimeters
long and 99 centimeters
wide. Its top speed s
61 kilometersper hour.
Theworld'songest ar s he
American ream.t has24 wheels nd
it 's30.5metersong t has swimmingpoo[, nda heticopteran and n t.
Go o pages 4-45 or activities.
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,g l '
Peopte avedreamed bout tying
for thousandsf years, ut hereweren't
anyplanes ntilust
over100years go .Before lanes, eoptelew in hot-airbatloons.
Hot-Air al loonsHow do hot-air balloons fly?Hot air goesup. A fire
under the balloon heats he air inside the balloon, so
the balloon goesup. In France n 1793, he Montgolfier
brothers built the first hot-air balloon for passengers.
AirshipsAirships werepopular between 1900 and 1940,and
they are popular again now. Inside an airship, there's
a gas hat is lighter than air.This makes the airship
stay n the air. Airships have enginesand they can fly
at 90 kilometersper hour.
Fla esPlaneshave changed a lot since the first flight by
theWright brothers in 1903.For many years,planes
were wooden, and they had two pairs of wings.
Today, people make planes from very thin metal and
plastics.Airliners can carry hundreds of passengers
and their bags.Planescarry freight and letters, oo.
Somevery rich people have heir own small plane.
Concorde was an airliner that flew between 1976
and 2003. It could fly from Europe to the USA in
three hours and 20 minutes - twice as fast asother
airliners. t flew at2,140 kilometersper hour.
Thebiggest irl iners heAirbus 380.
It cancarrymore han850passengers.t's a
double-deckernd tswings re ongerhan
a soccer itch
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( r i i r t r l r r
HowPlanes orkPlanesusually have engineson the wings.Thewings are a special shape.Vhen air goesoverthe wings fast, the air under the wings pushes he
plane up, and it flies.The enginesmake the planego very fast.
Pilots sit in the cockpit, ar the front of the plane.They use the rudder to turn left and right, and theyuse the tail flaps ro go up and down. The wing flapscontrol the speed.passengerssit in the cabin.
Other ypes fAircraftThe Daedalus s a very light plane.A person pedals
the plane, like a bicycle.
Helicopters have rotors above he cabin. The rotorslift the helicopter into the air. Helicopters are useful
because hey can keep still in the air and they can fly
in any direction. Planes can only go forward.
Planes with skis instead of wheels can land on snow.
There are also specialseaplaneshat can land on
water. Spaceshuttles and rockets take astronauts
and machines nto space.
YvesRossy,rom France,iscalled o cket an.Hehasbuilta very ma[[ tane ithfour nginesn hewings.
D ) Go o pages46-47 or activities.
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\ ' 1 . . t l
Mostplacesn he worldhaveandbicycles, ut someplaces
of transportation.hatdo you
I j ,'t \o,t{:.{,,flii
',
vehiclesikecarshave peciaIypes
think hese re?
3
It's very cold in Nunavut in the north of Canada.SomeInuit peopleusedogs o pull their sledsover rhe ice andsnow.Today,many peoplealso ravelby snowmobile
a small,motorized vehicle.
In Mongolia, roads and railroads go between cities, but in
the I(hangai mountains there aren't many vehicles.Farmers
use a donkey or an ox to pull their carts.Traders use camels
to transport goods over mountains and acrossdeserts.
People also travel long distanceson horses.
There aren't any cars'buses, rucks,or evenbicycles
inVenice.This s becausehere areno roads.The city
was built on a lot of small islandsand there are
bridgesbetween hem. Peoplewalk on small roads
called paths, and overbridges,but most iourneys n
Veniceareby boat.People akewater buses o work and to school,and
water taxis to the airport and to the train station'
Ambulancesand fire enginesareboats, oo The
people of Venicehave raveledby gondola fo r
hundredsof years.A gondolierstandsat the back an d
powers he gondolawith an oar.Today,most gondolas
are for the tourists.
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Delhi is a busy city, and the traffic is slow.Most people travelon buses, rains, orunderground trains.
Bicyclesand rickshawsare alsopopular.
A rickshaw s a cart for goodsor passengers.A rickshawhas two wheelsand a personpullsit. A cyclerickshawhas three wheels.Thefront is like a bicycle and the driver pedals herickshaw.An auto rickshawhas a small engine.It's the fastest ype of rickshaw,but it,s noisvand it makesa lot of pollution.
Oxford is a small city and there
aren't many hills, so bicyclesare
popular.Also, bicyclesare cheap
and peopleenjoy cycling in the
fresh air. Many of the city's
streetsare small and old, so it's
much quicker to travelby bicycle than by car or bus.
Some cyclistscarry their shoppingand even heir
dogs n basketsor bicycle trailers.
Peopleenjoypunting on the river in Oxford. A punt
is a wooden river boat.To move the punt, Youpush
on the bottom of the river with a long wooden or
metal pole.
' i fu . - i . -,
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[nffieffiq@ffieTheworldneedso produceesspo[lution. lectricmotorsproduceesspottutionhandiesel ndgasoline ngines.Wilt att vehicles aveelectric
motors neday?Whatwitttransportatione tike n the future?
CasSome modern carsusebiodiesel.Biodieselcomesfrom plants, and it's a clean uel.We can alsoproduce
clean energy from the sun and the wind. Machines
can put this energy nto batteries that power electric
motors. In the future, most carswill have electric
motors or thev will usebiodiesel.
ShipsAfter 100 yearsof
ships with engines,
sailswill be important
again for ships n
the future. Sailswillhelp to powerships,so hey use ess uel.
In some countries where it's very sunny, there are solar
cars.They use energy from the sun. Most solar cars
are racing cars.The fastest solar cars travel up to
90 kilometers per hour.
Peoplehave made some solarplanes, oo. Solarplanesare very light and they can't carry much. Maybe more
vehicles n the future will use solar energJ.
TransMaglev trains use magnetsto float in the air above
the track.They are much faster than usual trains.tVill maglev trains be common in the future?
Solar ehicles
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,* ' fr,Xr-sgfi
Passenger laneswith scramjetengineswill fly faster
than 5,000 kilometersper hour. A scramjetplane will
fly from NewYork in the USA to Hong I(ong in China
in 90 minutes.This journey takes 4 hours in an
airliner.The only problem with going fast is that it
usesa lot of fuel, which producesmore pollution.
t ; r . , '11p'AV*|
Do you dream of being an astronaut?Perhapsyour
dream will come true Soon, touristswill be able to
travela long way aboveEarth in spaceplanes.Space
touristswill seeEarth from space. t won't be cheap,but it will be an amazingexperience.
WhmtNew&?What transportationwill Youuse
in the future?\0fhat about an electric
bicycle? t has a small electricmotor
that makes t easier o pedal quickly'
An electricbicycle s great or going
up hills.
Or do you want to try a Personal
transporter? t has two wheelsand
an electricmotor.You lean forward
to go forward, and to the left or
the right to turn. It can travel at
20 kilometersPerhour.
A jet Packhasone or
two iet engines,but itdoesn'thaveanY
wings. It can flY
anYwhere Do You
want to try a jet Pack?
Where will You flY?
'' Go opages0-51for ctivities'
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I Foats rrdShips* Read ages -11.
I Write he words.
paddtecompass ar propetter ait steam ngine
Match.
1 ThorHeyerdahlailed
fromPeru
2 Egyptianaitorsaited n
3 TheAncientGreeks
sai led round4 TheVikingsivedn
5 TheVikings ailed cross
6 Tradersailed etween
Japan, orea, hina,
theAtlanticOcean.
theMediterraneanea .
Denmark,weden,
andNorway.
theRiver i te.
ffi
supertankers
i andSoutheastsia.
\ to an standn he
Pacif ic cean.
3 Write true or false.
1 The irstcanoes eremaderom ree runks.
2 Peopte oweredanoes ithsteam ngines.
3 Chinesehips ad riangutarai [s.
4 TheAncientGreeksaitedoCanada.5 Piratestole otd ndsitver.
6 A cruise hip sa passengerhip.
& Numberhe vehictesn order. = earliest, - tatest.
Answerhe questions.
1 WhywereheAncient reekhipsast?
2 How osai lorsnowwhich irect iono saiI n?
3 WhatprobtemsidEuropeanailors ave bout 00 ears go?
4 What uels o modernhips se ?
5 What hips o ourists sewhen heygoonvacation?
r-ri I canoesr " l
tflrr? i ' [
ff
f*-l saitinships [Tl rafts
6 Howdosailorsravel longKnockNevis?
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d Trains,uses,ndTruck** Read ages2-t5.
1 Write he words.
tanker ruck refrigeratorruck bushigh-speedrain steamrain articulatedus
1 lt 's he astestypeof rain.
2 ltsengine ses oalandwater.
3 lt 'svery ongand t carrieseople n roads.
4 lt carr iesasotinermitk.
5 lt carrieshitdreno school.
6 lt keepsood old.
2 Write he numbers.
150 160 200 300 9,288
1 By1930, teamrains ould ravel t l5O kitometersperhour.
2 Modern igh-speedrains an ravel t
kilometerserhour.
3 The ongestrain ourneys ki[ometers.
4 There reundergroundrains n more han
cities roundhewortd.
5 Horsesuttedhe irstbuses
3 Number he vehicles n order.1 = earliest, : latest.
I i dieselrains high-speedrains
i r undergroundrains : steamrains
4 Complete he sentences.
coat steam coaI engine steam water engine water1 Steam nginesse oat.
2 The heats
3 Thehot makes
4 The
5 The
powershe
moveshe rainalonghe racks.
5 Answerhe questions.1 Where idpeopteuitdhe irst rain?
2 Whatuseshe most uelperpassenger,trainor a car?
3 How ongdoest take heTrans-Siberianxpresso travel
across ussia?
4 Where as heworld'sirstundergroundrain ystem?
years go .
D
5 Whydidbuses ecome oputar?
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BieyclesndMotorcyles
2 Completehesentences.
comfortable ight popular sma[] strong thick
3 Circle he correctwords.
1 Bicyclesave6-e@ anengine.
2 TheTour eFrancesa famousmotorcycle bicycle ace.
3 The irstbicycles eremade f metal wood.
4 Motorcyctesreslower laster hanbicycles.
4 Write true or false.
1 Motorcyclesndbicyctesave hains.
2 lt'sgoodorcyclistso wear helmet.
3 There remore icyctesn heworld hancars.
4 Mountain ikes ndmotorcyctesave
strong rames.
MarkBeaumontycted 9,440 ilometers
on hisbackwheel.
Bicyclesreheavierhanmotorcycles.
Answerhequestions.
1 Whywerehe irstbicyclesncomfortable?
2 Whydo people ycte?
3 Howdoes cyclist top he bicycle?
+ Read ages 6-19.
I Write he words.
12
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
backwheel brake chain
frontwheel gears hetmetgtove sadd[e tire
frame
pedat
Racing ikes re
BMXbicyclesre
Recumbenticycles re
Mountainikes re hemost typeof bicycle.
Theiriresare and heir rames re
rlr
4 Whydo racingmotorcyclistseannear o theground?
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Read ages 0-23.
Write he words.brake engine frontwheelgears pedals
backwheelseatbelt steering heel
Complete he chart.
weredrivingarge ars. Ford pened tffi.
15mi[[ionModet swere Rotls-Royce
ThePeetP50 cars. was irstmade.
1885 DaimlerndBenzmadel ie f i rsi *ar.
190s
1913
t927
1950
1963
200s
startedo make
themode[ actory.
on he road.
Americans
was irstmade.
TheBugatti eyron
Write true ot false.
1 The irstcarhad ourwheets.
2 TheFordModelT asexpensiveo produce.
3 Rotls-Royceotd15mittion ars etween
1913 ndL927.
4 Smatl ars regoodn city raffic.
5 Cars suattyave ixgears.
6 A car's teering heel urnshe rontwheels.
7 Otd ars avehebiggestirbags.
8 TheBugatt i eyrons 134 entimetersong.
Answerhequest ions.
1 What as he irst ar ike?
2 WhydidAmericansuy arge ars?
3 Whatdoes driver eed o starta car?
4 What wo hings rotecthedriver ndpassengers?
5 Whyaresports ars ow?
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AroundheWorld3 Read ages 8-31.
1 Write he words.
snowmobileondolapunt
cycle ickshawsted auto ickshaw
2 Completehesentences.
cycle ickshaw ondotier x sledtravetsuickly ver now nd ce.
A Mongolianarmeranuse n
6
A
A
1
2
3
4
to putlhiscart.
has hreewheels, ut noengine.
works n Venice.
Write hecountries.henwrite he ypes ftransportation.
CanadaUnitedKingdom ndia ltaly Mongolia
1 Khangai
2 Dethi
3 Oxford
4 Nunavut
5 Venice
Answerhequestions.
1 In Nunavut, owdo peopleravel?
2 Whatanimals opeoplen Mongolia se or ransportation?
3 Whyare hereno rucks n Venice?
4 What sa gondola?
What s he difference etween rickshaw ndacycte ickshaw?
6 How osome eoplen Oxfordransporthoppingrdogs?
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In heFuturw* Read ages 2-35.
Completehe puzzle.
1 Biodiesels maderom hem.
2 lt uses nergyrom hesun.
3 lt 'sa special igh-speedngine.
4 lt has wo wheets, ut tisn'ta bicycle.
It haset engines,utnowings.
Theywit thelp o powermodernhips.
It usesmagnetsto floatabovethe rack.
You an ravelalongwayaboveEarthn his.
2 Doest fty?Writeyesot no.
1 maglevrain
2 electric ar
3 solar lane
1t
5
6
65+t
4
5
6
3 Writetrueor false.
1 Dieselnginesroduce ore ollutionhan
electricmotors.
Biodiesels a cleanuet.
Wecanputgasotinentobatteries.
Scramjetlanes i][ use essuel hantoday's irliners.
Solar ars re asterhanpersonal
transporters.
Answerhequestions.
1 Howwittships seessue[?
2 Whatdowe use o make iodieset?
3 Where anwe getc[ean nergyrom?
4 Whyareelectric icyclesood orgoing p hitts?
5 What ransportationoyouusenow?Whatwiltyouuse n
the uture?
2
3
4
scramjet tane
etectric ike
jet pack
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3
@
@ ATransportationoster1 Findor drawpictures f two vehicles.
2 Writenotesabout he vehicles.
t t I t t t t t t t t t t td. t t t t t t t t t t t t t
Tlpoof transportation:
What'st made f?
Where oss t comerom? * \rlhersdose i Lornorom?
\rlho nvontedt? \rlhen? I Who nventadt? \rlhan?
Writeabouthevehiclesndmake poster.Disptayourposter.
Tlpoof transportation:
What'st made f?
@ ATransportationurve1 Write he names f five rie;rds r peopleromyour
familyat the top of the survey.
2 Askquestions ndcomplete oursu:veywith / or l.
f f i (6
wNames
plane
heticopter
sled
camel
rickshaw
bicycte
motorcycle
truck
bus
canoe
3 Writeabouthe results. isplayour esutts. i
^-dLlr
So & ,. .#4d| .*. *cf, h Hereare some words used n this book, and you can check{,# $Pr,fS t 6t F y what heymean. se dictionaryo check thernewwords.
pair two things he same soccerpitch (orfootbalt pitch) the ptace
passengersomeone you ptay
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a
aircraft(pluralaircralt) a vehicle hat float to movestowlyon wateror n the air
can ly freight goods hatships, lanes, nd rains
ambulancea vehictehat akes erysick transport
peopleo hospital freighter or cargoship) a ship hat
ancient from housandsf yearsn he past carriesreight
area partof a place fresh clean ndcool forair)
attack to fightwith someone r something fuel somethinghatwe use o produce
become o changento; o start o beheator energy
canoe a sma[[ oatpowered ith a paddte powers nengine
carry to takesomethingo another lace gold an expensiveellowmetal
change o become ifferent;o make goods things hatwe buyandsetl
bottom the opposite f op
brave not scared
cab where truckdriver its
something if ferent
cheap not expensive
burns ndpowers n engine
direction he posit ion omeone r
something oves oward
movea vehicle
famous knownby manypeopte
ferry a ship hat ransportseopte
funnyunusualramusinggas nota solid r iquid;ikeai rgasolineorpetrot) iquidhatburns nd
ground the and hatwe stand n
heat to make omething ot
lie down to rest n a comfortabte tace, or
example, henwe sleep
low not high
noisy making loudsound
oit a fue[; t 'sa btack iquidused o
make asotine
chitd plural hitdren) very oung erson huge verybig
coal oldwood hat ouburno makeire imagine o hink fa possibleituation
comfortableiceo be n, orexample,oft invent o make rdesignomethingew
beds r chairs invention a new deaor hingcommercia[aboutbuying ndsetl ing island tandwith wateraroundt
common usuat; een n manyplaces lake a bigarea f water
companya group f peoplehat makes land to fty a ptane rom he aironto he
money y producingr sell ing hings land
cross o move romoneside o another leather the skinof an animal; e use t to
diesel a typeof gasoline; l iquid hat make hoes nd ackets
distance he space etweenwo ptaces, metal something ard ndmade rom
for example, eters, i lometers minerats
donkey an animal ikea smallhorse mining f indingminerals nder he grounddouble-decker a vehictewith two ftoors modern not rom he past
electric using tectricitya ypeof energy) motor an engine, ftensmallor electric
energy we needenergy o moveandgrow; motorized with a motor
machines eed nergyo work move to go romoneplace o another
engine machinehatproducesnergyo narrow hin
andgoods ox(plural xen) an animal ikea cow
soccer
example, bus, rain,plane, r ship sotar from he sun;using nergyro mpeda[ to pushwithyour eeton a pedal the sunpirate someone n a shipwho attacks nd space where he moonandstars re
po[[ution something hat makesair, and, spaceshuttte a vehicte hat takes
push to make omething oveaway; he thick not hin
opposite f putl
steals hings romother hipsplastic a man-made aterial
or waterdirtypopular tiked by manypeople
power ship raircraftprotect o keep afe romdanger
road vehicles ravelon it
rock a very hardnatura[material
make ires
safe not in danger
a boat
separate not connected; part
ship a large oat
silver an expensive raymetal
spaceship a vehicte hat takesastronauts' intospace
astronautsntospace
space tation a buitdingn space here
storm badweather;ots of wind and ain
street vehictes ravelon it
t ire (ortyre) the hick,soft ingon a wheet,
top speed t he fastest hat someone r
somethingango
traffic am vehictes hat can't move
becausehereare oo manyothervehictes
triangular n he shape f a triangte
uncomfortable not comfortable
vehicle somethingor ransportingoods
or peopte
power to make omething oveor work astronautsiveandworkpowerfu[ havinggreatpower;beingstrong special differentand mportantprefer to like better spice we use t to give tavor o food; tprobtem something hat is not easy comes romplants
produce o growor make omething steam the hotgas hat watermakeswhenpropellera machinehat urnsquickly o it boits
river wateron land hat goes o the ocean made rom rubber
rotor btades,ike a propelter, n a town a placewith a lot of buildings, arger
helicopter thana vittage ndsmatlerhana city
row to movea boat hroughwaterwith oars trade to buy and se[[ hings
rubber a soft material hatyou use o traffic vehictesmovingatonga street
sail to travel n a shipor a boatusing aits transport o takesomething r someone
or an engrne fromoneplace o anothern a vehicle
sailor someone howorks na shipor tree runk the hickpartof a tree
shape or example, ircle, quare,riangle useful that helps omeoneo do something
similar l ike someoner something vittage a few housesn he countryside;
sink to fall to the bottomof water smallerhana town
size howbig or smalt omeone r without not having omething; otdoing
somethings something
steepercar whereyoucan steepon a train wooden madeof wood
in a bed
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Series ditor: azel eatches CLIL dviser:ohnC[egg
OxfordRead nd Discover radedeadersreat four evets,rom3 to 6, suitableorstudentsromage8 ando[der. hey overmany
topicswithin hree ubject reas, nd ansupport nglishcrosshecurriculum,r Content ndLanguagentegratedearningCLIL).
Availableoreach eader:. Audio DPackbook audio D). Activity ook
For eacher'sotes CLIL uidanceo owww.ou .c m elt/ eacher,/readaddiscover
.... Subiect
\:reaLeve[ \
TheWorldof Science
& Technotogy
TheNatural
World
TheWortd of Arts
& SocialStudies
@60 0
headwords
HowWe MakeProducts
Sound ndMusic
SuperStructures
YourFiveSenses
AmazingMinibeasts
Animalsn he Air
Life n Rainforests
WonderfulWater
Festivals roundtheWorld
Free imeAroundthe World
@750
headwords
* A[[ About Plants
* How o StayHealthyr Machines hen ndNow, Why We Recycle
' At[ About Desert ife
. All AboutOcean ife
. Animats t Night
r lncredibte arth
r Animalsn Art
' Wonders f the Past
@90 0headwords
Materials o Products
Medicine hen ndNo wTransportationhenandNow
Wild Weather
AltAbout sl.ands
Animal ifeCyclesExploringurWorld
GreatMigrations
u Homesround
theWortd, OurWorldn Art
@1,050
headwords
Cetts ndMicrobes
Clotheshen ndNow
Incredibtenergy
Your mazing ody
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
AltAbout pace
CaringorOurPtanet
Earth hen ndNow
Wonderful cosystems
. HetpingroundtheWortd
. Food roundtheWortd
For ounger tudents, otphinReaders evets tarter,, and2 areavailable.