1.

(Points: 1)

Probation refers to:

a. the status of an offender released from confinement.

b. the umbrella agency responsible for the juvenile justice system.

c. the status of an adjudicated offender.

d. all of these

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2.

(Points: 1)

________ is when states offer financial incentives or manpower to local systems if all probationers are handled in the local system.

a. Local determination

b. Financial redistribution

c. Probation subsidy

d. State organization of control

false

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3.

(Points: 1)

Which is the correct order in which probation services are provided?

a. intake, investigation, supervision

b. supervision, intake, investigation

c. investigation, intake, supervision

d. arrest, intake, investigation, supervision, bail

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4.

(Points: 1)

A preliminary investigation is conducted by probation officers at or during:

a. intake.

b. investigation.

c. supervision.

d. release of offender.

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false

false

5.

(Points: 1)

Today, the new mission in probation services includes:

a. contracting community based programs from privately operated operations.

b. the supervision of an increasing number of substance abusers.

c. risk control and crime-reduction efforts.

d. all of these

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6.

(Points: 1)

Which of the following is the most widely used organization of probation in the United States?

a. local/judicial

b. state/judicial

c. state/executive

d. local/executive or a combination

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7.

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(Points: 1)

During the investigation phase of intake, the probation officer:

a. screens the case for possible referral to juvenile court.

b. develops a social study report for use by the judge in sentencing.

c. conducts a preliminary investigation.

d. develops a social study report for use by the judge in sentencing and conducts a preliminary investigation.

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8.

(Points: 1)

Once a youth is placed on probation, the probation officer provides:

a. supervision.

b. surveillance

c. monitoring.

d. all of these

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9.

(Points: 1)

What does a probation officer state in a treatment plan?

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false

a. the training school in which a youthful offender should be institutionalized

b. whether the youth is a delinquent

c. whether a youth should be left in the community

d. information about the minor's background

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10.

(Points: 1)

When juveniles are ordered to find jobs, hold them, and pay back victims, they are in a ________ program.

a. treatment

b. surveillance

c. restitution

d. compensation

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11.

(Points: 1)

________ is a program of intermediate punishment whereby youths are ordered to remain confined in their residences.

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false

a. Solitary confinement

b. Clinical confinement

c. House arrest

d. Stay home

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12.

(Points: 1)

The Restorative Justice Yardstick focuses on:

a. whether victims experience justice.

b. whether youths suspected of crime are punished.

c. the future.

d. whether victims experience justice and the future.

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13.

(Points: 1)

Risk/needs assessment tools:

a. identify problems offenders might have.

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false

b. are diagnostic tools used for treatment.

c. are for prediction only.

d. identify problems offenders might have and are diagnostic tools used for treatment.

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14.

(Points: 1)

"Reasonable efforts" is a standard that:

a. helps the probationer understand the job of the probation officer.

b. improves relationships between offender and family.

c. provides encouragement to finish education, employment, and inspires community work within community.

d. states that efforts must be made to provide different programs and services to probationers.

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15.

(Points: 1)

Twentieth century probation theory maintains which of the following:

a. more responsibility for the delivery of services to probationers.

b. the elimination of volunteers in probation.

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false

c. focusing upon helping youths solve emotional problems rather than adjusting to their environment.

d. all of these

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16.

(Points: 1)

In the 1990s probation services were given the mission of:

a. risk control and crime reduction.

b. emotional assessment and institutional assignment.

c. reduced supervision but increased youths accountability.

d. emotional assessment and institutional assignment and reduced supervision but increased youths accountability.

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17.

(Points: 1)

One survey of restitution programs found that 75 percent of the programs provide for both:

a. financial restitution and community service.

b. arrest and shock probation.

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false

c. community compensation programs and rehabilitation.

d. probation coupled with high surveillance.

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18.

(Points: 1)

Intensive Probation Supervision Programs:

a. are run by the local juvenile court.

b. involves increased contact with probationers.

c. emphasize internal control over probationers.

d. all of these

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19.

(Points: 1)

The Integrated Social Control (ISC) model of intensive supervision:

a. focuses on strain, control and social learning theories.

b. argues that many youths are inadequately socialized.

c. maintains that youths have weak bonding to the community.

d. all of these

false

false

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20.

(Points: 1)

Probation officers must satisfy:

a. their own ego needs.

b. the needs of the client

c. only the juvenile justice system needs.

d. all of these

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21.

(Points: 1)

Critics of community based corrections argue that:

a. keeping youths in the community reinforces their antisocial behavior.

b. juveniles deserve to be punished in institutions.

c. the community deserves protection from predatory youths.

d. all of these

false

false

false

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22.

(Points: 1)

Tertiary prevention is directed at:

a. modifying conditions in the physical and social environment at large.

b. early identification and intervention in the lives of individuals or groups.

c. the prevention of recidivism.

d. modifying conditions in the physical and social environment at large and early identification and intervention in the lives of individuals or groups.

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23.

(Points: 1)

Which prevention program does "Scared Straight" come under?

a. quadri-prevention

b. secondary prevention

c. tertiary prevention

d. primary prevention

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false

24.

(Points: 1)

The D.A.R.E. drug prevention program is an example of what level prevention?

a. tertiary prevention program

b. primary prevention

c. quadri-prevention

d. secondary prevention

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25.

(Points: 1)

Approximately ________ youths run away from home each year.

a. 500,000

b. 1,000,000

c. 2,000,000

d. 5,000,000

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26.

(Points: 1)

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Police diversion programs:

a. retain control over youthful offenders.

b. give control of youthful offenders to probation officers.

c. give control of youthful offenders to the community.

d. give control of youthful offenders to the family.

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27.

(Points: 1)

A major strength of diversion programs is:

a. to remove teens from the streets.

b. to minimize penetration of youthful offenders into the juvenile justice system.

c. to create services such as hotlines and drop-in and truancy centers.

d. to create an encouraging environment for delinquents.

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28.

(Points: 1)

According to the Runaway and Homeless Act Title 3 of the 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act assistance was given to state, localities, etc. to:

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a. operate legal services for youths (runaways) in trouble with the law.

b. operate temporary shelters for runaway youths.

c. hasten the return of runaway children to their families.

d. none of these

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29.

(Points: 1)

Day treatment programs:

a. are mandated for certain special needs youngsters by the schools.

b. require larger numbers of highly specialized and skilled staff compared to residential programs.

c. are mandated by the courts.

d. are coercive and punishment oriented.

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30.

(Points: 1)

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Associated Marine Institutes?

a. It has a strong commitment to meaningful work.

false

false

b. Academic success is emphasized.

c. Its programs all involve residential placements.

d. It has a strong commitment to meaningful work. Academic success is emphasized.

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31.

(Points: 1)

Which of these is incorrect concerning drug treatment programs?

a. The non-residential programs generally serve males.

b. Non-residential programs have been used by the California Treatment Projects.

c. Non-residential programs involving the sea are established by the Associated Marine Institute.

d. Non-residential programs are outlawed in most southern states with a heavy emphasis on training schools.

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32.

(Points: 1)

The term group home generally refers to:

a. medium or maximum security training schools that use cottage systems for their youths.

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false

b. small facilities that serve between 13 to 35 youths divided into two or more groups of youths.

c. small community facilities that blend into nearby houses and apartments and use community services.

d. small facilities that serve between 13 to 35 youths divided into two or more groups of youths and small community facilities that blend into nearby houses and apartments and use community services.

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33.

(Points: 1)

Teen courts are used primarily for:

a. offenders with only status offenses on their records.

b. first time offenders.

c. first time felony offenders.

d. none of these

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34.

(Points: 1)

Which of the following is not a model of the teen courts?

a. Tribunal

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false

b. Parent judge

c. Peer jury

d. Youth judge

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35.

(Points: 1)

When comparing drug courts with traditional juvenile courts; drug courts:

a. operate with the same procedures as juvenile courts.

b. tend to assess users much earlier and utilize much more comprehensive intake assessments.

c. engage in much closer integration of information obtained during the assessment process as it related to the juvenile and the family.

d. tend to assess users much earlier and utilize much more comprehensive intake assessments and engage in much closer integration of information obtained during the assessment process as it related to the juvenile and the family.

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36.

(Points: 1)

The purpose of juvenile mediation programs is to:

a. get all involved parties to resolve differences without court involvement.

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false

b. get drug addicts into residential treatment programs and a job after release.

c. convince violent offenders to drop gang membership and hold steady jobs.

d. get drug addicts into residential treatment programs and a job after release and convince violent offenders to drop gang membership and hold steady jobs.

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37.

(Points: 1)

In juvenile mediation programs:

a. juveniles waive their rights to lawyers.

b. juveniles are tried for their crimes by a single judge before a treatment program is agreed upon.

c. allow the juveniles to call witnesses.

d. all of these

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38.

(Points: 1)

The juvenile mediation program success rate is around:

a. 95 percent.

b. 75 percent.

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false

c. 50 percent.

d. 25 percent.

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39.

(Points: 1)

The Comprehensive Strategy plan funded by OJJDP accomplished, among other things:

a. enhanced community-wide understanding of presentation services.

b. expanded networking capacity among service providers.

c. institution of performance measurement systems.

d. all of these

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40.

(Points: 1)

Community-based correctional programs appear to questionable for which of the following categories of youths?

a. status offenders

b. delinquent offenders

c. hardcore offenders

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false

d. none of these

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41.

(Points: 1)

Juveniles placed in training schools today include:

a. violent and repetitive offenders only.

b. status, violent, and repetitive offenders.

c. all juveniles, regardless of whether or not they have committed a crime.

d. none of these

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42.

(Points: 1)

The number of youths in custody in today's training schools is roughly:

a. 45,000.

b. 60,000.

c. 75,000.

d. 96,000.

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false

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43.

(Points: 1)

The number of youths confined yearly in jails in the United States is roughly:

a. 4,000.

b. 8,000.

c. 15,000.

d. 30,000.

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44.

(Points: 1)

Which of the following is an example of a long term confinement facility:

a. detention homes.

b. shelter care.

c. forestry camps.

d. all of these

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false

false

45.

(Points: 1)

Which of the following has experienced the most rapid rise in population over the past two decades?

a. private training schools

b. public training schools

c. both private and public

d. neither; both are declining

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46.

(Points: 1)

In most states, the reception and diagnostic most likely will occur in:

a. a psychological clinic run by the courts.

b. a specialized reception and diagnostic center.

c. a training school.

d. a state hospital.

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47.

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(Points: 1)

Basic goals of training schools as identified by Street, Vinter, and Perrow include:

a. obedience/conformity.

b. authority/classical management.

c. reeducation/development.

d. obedience/conformity and reeducation/development.

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48.

(Points: 1)

Ranches and forestry camps are examples of ________ security institutions.

a. medium

b. minimum

c. maximum

d. super-maximum

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49.

(Points: 1)

Which of the following is(are) true concerning "voluntary" commitments?

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false

a. Juveniles are denied equal protection of the law.

b. Youths are screened carefully before being placed in juvenile facilities.

c. The number of youths placed in these institutions are carefully regulated by the government.

d. all of these

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50.

(Points: 1)

Placing juveniles in inpatient psychiatric and chemical dependency units is referred to as the:

a. reform that needs to occur.

b. medicalization of deviance.

c. overload of the hidden system.

d. recognition of juveniles true problems.

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51.

(Points: 1)

Examples of aggressive roles are:

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false

a. slicks, cools, and con men.

b. straight, quiet type, and bush boys.

c. tough boy, all right guy, hard rock, and thug.

d. scapegoats, punks, and sweet boys.

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52.

(Points: 1)

Examples of passive roles are:

a. straight kids and quiet types.

b. mess ups and pain freaks.

c. stone-out and lame.

d. all of these

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53.

(Points: 1)

Two factors resulting in more youths being sent to adult prisons today are:

a. high rates of juvenile violence sparked by "guns, drugs, and gangs."

b. increasing numbers of laws calling for youths to be waived to adult court.

false

false

c. the increasing numbers of homicides in 1998 and 1999.

d. high rates of juvenile violence sparked by "guns, drugs, and gangs" and increasing numbers of laws calling for youths to be waived to adult court.

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54.

(Points: 1)

Which of the following court cases granted youths the right to treatment in institutions?

a. Morales v. Turman

b. In re Gault

c. Davis v. Mississippi

d. Eddings v. Oklahoma

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55.

(Points: 1)

Ranches and forestry camps were developed in:

a. colonial times.

b. in the decade after the American Revolution.

c. in the decade after the Civil War.

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false

d. in the Twentieth Century.

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56.

(Points: 1)

Ranches and forestry camps are:

a. maximum security.

b. medium security.

c. minimum security.

d. none of these

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57.

(Points: 1)

Training schools provide all except the following:

a. counseling.

b. volunteer workers.

c. gifts at Christmas.

d. all of these

false

false

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58.

(Points: 1)

Youth supervisions today:

a. coordinate the activities of cottage parents.

b. are responsible for getting youths to their daily activities.

c. are also called "heavies" and are at the top of the innate hierarchy.

d. are responsible for getting youths to their daily activities and are also called "heavies" and are at the top of the innate hierarchy.

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59.

(Points: 1)

Which of the following was a characteristic of Jim Roberts, the youth supervisor discussed in the text?

a. He trusted youths.

b. He controlled youths by raising his voice and physically over powering them.

c. He listened to and watched youths carefully.

d. He trusted youths. He listened to and watched youths carefully.

false

false

false

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60.

(Points: 1)

Developing reasons for sending youths to mental health placements (according to Swatz, et al.), is called:

a. deinstitutionalization of status offenders.

b. medicalization of deviance.

c. discriminalization of crime.

d. none of these

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61.

(Points: 10)

What is/was Quakerdale? How did the juvenile residents feel about the facility/program? Why?

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