11. Wind Power Plant Dynamic Reactive Power AMSc SandC Vesta

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Wind Power Plant Dynamic Reactive Power Hybrid Solutionsto meet ERCOT Reactive Power Capability Requirements

Presented at ERCOT ROS Meeting, December 10, 2009


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2 | Presentation title, September 6, 2014

Presented by:

American Superconductor - Narend Reddy

S&C ElectricKen Mattern

Vestas AmericasSteven Saylors

PRR 830, Section 6.5.7.1 (1))

The Reactive Power requirements shall be available at all MW output levels

and may be met through a combination of the Generation Resources Unit

Reactive Limit (URL), which is the generating units dynamic leading andlagging operating capability, and/or dynamic VAR capable devices.

The case for engineered wind project hybrid reactive power solutions using

integrated STATCOM and switched caps/reactors to meet the ERCOT Protocoldefinition of dynamic VAR capable devices


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Hybrid Reactive Power Dynamic Solutions

The combination of Statcom

augmented by switched static

reactive elements of capacitors

and/or reactors

Provides fast-response, robust

design that is dynamically capable

integrated solutions to meetVoltage Support Services

requirements

Uses Statcom Overload

capability to ensure VAR output is

smooth and linear with voltage

over reactive range needed

Yields a Least-Cost design whencompared to Full-Sized Statcoms

or SVCs

These solutions have proven as

acceptable over the last five years

on many previous wind projects to

various transmission entities

AESO

ISO-NE

MISO

BPA


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How WPPs can do reactive power control for VSS

STATCOMWTG

MSC

MSR

POWER

PLANT

CONTROLLER

SCADA

PCC

MAIN

TRANSFORMER

UTILITY, OWNER, ...

MV COLLECTOR BUS


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Example 1 - STATCOM System for

Power Factor Correction and LVRT

PT

600V

600V

600V

34.5 kV

collectorsystem

115 kV34.5 kV Utility

Interconnection

Point

Power Transformer

60/90 MVAwith LTC

16MVAr

STATCOM

System Rating for

Regulation

+48 MVAR/-16 MVAR

System Rating for LVRT

+84 MVAR/-48 MVAR

48MVAr

STATCOM


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Transmission Voltage

33 kV 33 kVN.O.

Control Control

CT

Example 2160MW Wind Farm

Cap BanksCap Banks

STATCOM STATCOM

Reactive Power Control System

PT

Monitoring

CT CT


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Wind Farm Voltage Control

Boosting Output Bucking Output

1.00

1.01

1.02

1.03

1.04

0.96

0.97

0.98

0.99

Reference Voltage= 1.00pu

Voltage (pu)

1x2x3x 1x 2x 3x

Deadband

Buck Droop = 2%

Boost Droop = 2%

Buck Hard Limit = 1.025pu

Boost Hard Limit = 0.975pu

Dynamic and Steady State Regulation Control

Control Setting Options

Independent boost and buck droops

Droop adjustable from 1% to 10%

Adjustable reference or target voltages

Optional dead band and D-VAR output limits

Can provide power factor control



AMSC STATCOM System Installations for Wind Farms

Over 40 wind farms worldwide use AMSC D-VAR Systems (majority

includes static shunt switched devices to provide dynamic support)

Control systems allow seamless integration and switching of staticshunt devices

Static shunt devices also configured to address transient grid

conditions to complement short term overload capability of D-VAR

STATCOM.



Hybrid STATCOM and Static Shunt

Solutions Fully Accepted in: United Kingdom

+/-0.95 dynamic power factor (pf) at PCC with system response time of 1

second (See following chart)

Alberta (AESO) -0.95/0.90 pf overall with -0.985/0.95 pf dynamic

Ontario (IESO)

+0.35/-0.33pu with dynamic capability

South Australia

+/-0.93pf with 50% dynamic (STATCOM)



United KingdomPower Factor Capability

20%

50%

100%

MW Output

Leading(Inductive)

Lagging(Capacitive)

MVAR

0.33x MW

Full leading

at 50% gen

Full lagging

at 20% gen38% of leading

at 20% gen

15% of leading and

lagging at zero gen

0.33x MW



Alberta Electric System Operator



WPP MW, Inverter VArs and Net VArs at POI

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Hours

WPP MW

INVERTER MVAr

WPP Net MVArCap bank ON

Cap bank OFF



DSTATCOM Windfarm Installations

12 MVAr, 3x22 MVAC

Oregon

6.25 MVAr, 5 x 7.5 MVAC

New Mexico

6.25 MVAr, 1x8MVAR, 2x8MVAC

Scotland

12 MVAr, 1x13, 3x26

New Mexico

7.5 MVAr, 9 MVAR, 12 MVAC

Ireland



System Operation vs. Ideal Charateristic Curve

(19/September/2009-12:10:48 to 20/September/2009-12:10:38 UTC)

18.20

18.40

18.60

18.80

19.00

19.20

19.40

19.60

19.80

20.00

-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4

MVAr

kV

DSTATCOM operating states

(10 second samples)

Characteristic operating linefor the DSTATCOM

(1.00 per unit, 4%)



Inductor Turn Off - Test 2

0.900

0.950

1.000

1.050

1.100

21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.5 24.0

Time - seconds

VotlageSetpoi

nt

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

MVAr

Voltage Setpoint

MVAr

Reaction Time



Aikengall

19

19.1

19.2

19.3

19.4

19.5

19.6

19.7

6/12/2009

00:00:00

6/12/2009

04:48:00

6/12/2009

09:36:00

6/12/2009

14:24:00

6/12/2009

19:12:00

6/13/2009

00:00:00

6/13/2009

04:48:00

Time

kVolts

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

MW/MV

Ar

Van (kV)

VdrFiltered (kV)

DSTAT MVArWindfarm Power (MW)

Windfarm VArs (MVAr)

ISSDs (MVAr)

Capacitor

Bank switched

Capacitor

Bank switched

External impacts

on system voltage

DSTATCOM adjusts forCap bank operation

Scottish Windfarm


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11. Wind Power Plant Dynamic Reactive Power AMSc SandC Vesta

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