MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGERASIPURAM - 637408

CREDIT CARD SECURITY USING NANOTECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY

A.Shri Abinaya S.Vaishali Pre final year cse

email:shriabinaya2014@gmail.com

SYNOPSIS:

INTRODUCTION

o NANOTECHNOLOGY

o HISTORY AND REVOLUTION

RAPID PROCESS

o FEATURES OF NANOCHIP

WORKING

ADVANTAGES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

CREDIT CARD SECURITY

USING NANOTECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT:

Nanotechnology is a relatively

new field of research and scientific

development. The term

"nanotechnology" has evolved over the

years via terminology drift to mean

"anything smaller than micro

technology". Nanotechnology is the

development and practical applications

of structures and devices on a nanoscale

(between 1 and 100 nanometers).

Nanotechnology describes the creation

and utilisation of functional materials,

devices and systems with novel

functions and properties that are based

either on geometrical size or on

material-specific peculiarities of nano-

structures.

Nanoscience is an

interdisciplinary field that seeks to

bring about mature nanotechnology. As

every other scientific invention or

technology, this field also has been

subject to a debate over its benefits and

risks. In the medical field alone, for

example, nanomedicine can be a great

help to conventional medicine. The

detailed workings of human, and other

bodies are often on the nanoscale. Being

able to work - and correct - at this level

is far more attractive and can be much

more effective than applying external

factors such as surgery or

pharmaceuticals. But at the same time

nanoscale weapons can be generated as

a means to mass destruction. This paper

presents one of the beneficial

characteristics of this technology.

As the saying goes that the world

has become a “GLOBAL VILLAGE”

where in currency plays the major and

vital role. Credit cards are now

extensibly used as means of exchanging

currency and it has shrunken the world

still further. But the major drawback of

using credit cards is, the misuse of it

through various means like, duplication

of the card where in the code unique to a

card might be copied. The traditional

smart card magnetic strips used, are

prone to misuse easily. The use of a

nanotechnolgy based microchip may

counter this attack because it is difficult

to simulate the position of atoms on a

nanoscale and it cannot be modified.

This makes it a very promising and

reliable paradigm and will emerge

successfully over time. Also the cost of

manufacturing such chips will decrease

over time because of its extremely

small size. This technology will make

life more easier in a secure and reliable

way.

INTRODUCTION

NANOTECHNOLOGY:

Nanotechnology is defined in the

Oxford English Dictionary as "the

branch of technology that deals with

dimensions and tolerances of less than

100 nanometres, esp. the manipulation

of individual atoms and molecules." A

nanometer is one billionth (one-

thousand millionth) of a meter.

A breakthrough technology is one

that breaks through the dam of

conventional wisdom and slow progress,

opening up prospects for transformative

change. This holds true for

nanotechnology’s claim to novelty. The

emerging fields of nanoscience and

nanoengineering - the ability to

manipulate and move matter - are

leading to unprecedented understanding

and control over the fundamental

building blocks of all physical things.

These developments are likely to change

the way almost everything - from

vaccines to computers to automobile

tyres to objects not yet imagined.

Nanotechnology is the builder's new

frontier and its potential impact is

compelling.

One might ask, 'what exactly are

the potential uses of nanotechnology?' In

the limited number of years that

nanotechnology has been considered

possible, a plethora of answers to this

question have been presented. Possible

answers include quantum computers,

long-term life preservation and virtually

everything in between. And one of the

possible applications that emerged due

to this field is Credit card fraud

prevention wherein assembly of nano-

particles at a nanoscale prevents all

fraudulent activities there by ensuring

more reliability. Not only credit cards,

all smart cards can use this technology.

Figure 2 depicts a pictorial comparison of images at macro, micro and nano

levels.

Figure 2: Comparison of natural things

Figure 1: Examples of certain nano-built applications

THE NANOTECHNOLOGY:

HISTORY AND REVOLUTION

The foundations of

nanotechnology have emerged over

many decades of research in many

different fields. Computer circuits have

been getting smaller. Chemicals have

been getting more complex. Biochemists

have learned more about how to study

and control the molecular basis of

organisms. Mechanical engineering has

been getting more precise.

In 1959, the great physicist

Richard Feynman suggested that it

should be possible to build machines

small enough to manufacture objects

with atomic precision. His talk,

"There's Plenty of Room at the

Bottom," is widely considered to be the

foreshadowing of

nanotechnology. Among other

things, he predicted that information

could be stored

with amazing density. The word

“nanotechnology” was first used in 1974

by Prof. Norio Taniguchi of Tokyo

Science University to describe precision

micromachining.

In the late 1970's, Eric Drexler

began to invent what would become

molecular manufacturing. He quickly

realized that molecular machines could

control the chemical manufacture of

complex products, including additional

manufacturing systems-which would be

a very powerful technology. Drexler

published scientific papers beginning in

1981. In 1992 Drexler published

Nanosystems, a technical work outlining

a way to manufacture extremely high-

performance machines.

Each industrial revolution marked a

major change— a big step in social,

political, and economic history.

FIG: EXISTING CREDITCARDS

RAPID PROGRESS:

Economic disruption from an

abundance of cheap products

Economic oppression from

artificially inflated prices

Personal risk from criminal or

terrorist use

Constant intrusive surveillance

Oppression from abusive

restrictions

Social disruption from new

products/lifestyles

Unstable arms race leading to war

Collective environmental damage

from unregulated products

Black market in molecular

manufacturing (increases other

risks)

Competing nanotechnology

programs (increases other risks)

Features of the Nanochip:1) Small and inexpensive: It is

extremely small, inexpensive and does

not require any electrical connections.

2) Easily integrated:

Each chip can be authenticated using a

low-cost reader based on simple light-

beam technology, which is readily

integrated into existing smart-card

readers.

3)Unique:

Each chip contains a unique fingerprint

code, which cannot be erased, copied or

modified. Compatible with existing

smart-chip technology: the nanochip

does not replace the smart-chip, it

enhances its security level. By attaching

a nanochip to a card bearing a smart-

chip, virtually all of the known security

weaknesses of smart-chips can be

eliminated.

Figure 5: Sample of a nanochip

embedded credit card

How it works:

 

The nanochip is able to offer an

unprecedented level of security

against forgery by using the

positions of individual atoms in

its physical structure

Naturally occurring variations in

the manufacturing process of each

chip guarantee that the

groups of atoms will occupy

different positions for every chip,

thus giving each chip a unique

fingerprint.

Unless a forger can move millions

of atoms to precisely the right

places, the nanochip cannot

be copied

Such precision is currently far

beyond the frontiers of science,

and will remain so for many

decades, thus making the chip

highly future-proof.

While such a scheme has been

dreamed of for many years, it has

never been possible to

implement it in a cost-effective

way because of the complexity of

a reader which could identify

the positions of groups of atoms

The recent breakthrough by

scientists has resulted in a low-

cost, practical implementation of

this ultra-high security scheme.

ADVANTAGES:

The system offers major

advantages over existing anti-fraud

schemes:

Very low cost:

The nanochips can be supplied at

very low cost, making it cost-effective

to attach one to every credit card in

circulation. The reader for the nanochips

does not require a laser or any other

expensive component. It is thus

financially viable to integrate a nanochip

reader-head into every ATM and point

of sale terminal.

Ultra-small size:

The nanochip measures only 1

mm to 0.5 mm and so can be attached

almost invisibly to a credit card. The

reader-head occupies only 2 to 3cms,

and so can easily be integrated into

hand-held point of sale terminals.

Ultra-high security:

Each nanochip contains a unique

fingerprint code, which allows it to be

identified out of up to 1,000,000,000

other chips. This is a higher uniqueness

level. Furthermore, the code is stored by

the positions of groups of atoms, which

cannot be modified or copied. Highly

resistant to ‘smart attack’:

The communication between the

nanochip and the read-head is achieved

by a beam of infra-red light. The reader

is therefore highly resistant to any

electrical voltages or magnetic fields

that an attacker might try to apply to

emulate the presence of a nanochip.

Furthermore, the nanochip security

comes from the impossibility of making

a copy of the chip, and not by disclosing

secret information. It is therefore

resistant to attack by key personnel who

might have access to privileged

information.

Highly wear-resistant:

No physical contact is required

between the reader and the nanochip,

and so there are no contacts to wear out.

The nanochip will long outlast the card.

Unique fingerprint:

To verify the authenticity of a

credit card, the unique fingerprint code

from the nanochip is compared with the

expected code for that credit card, stored

at a central location, or even in

encrypted form on the smart-chip of the

card.

CONCLUSION

Nanotechnology is an emerging

technology, beyond all the fact and

fiction. This technology borrows the

concepts from Physics, Chemistry and

Biology. This field has a wide variety

of applications that benefit the mankind

to a greater extent – economically,

medically and socially. But it also has

it’s own drawbacks or threats. The

Government’s of various countries are

funding various researches on this area

and meanwhile they also concentrate

partially to overcome the risks of this

technology.

Our paper “Credit Card Security

Using Nanotechnology” discusses a

major step of the technology into the

domestic life of people where credit

cards and other smart cards play a vital

role. We have discussed how nanochip

fabricated credit cards can be used to

counter the attack of credit card misuse.

This technology is very promising

paradigm in this new era of

Nanotechnology Revolution. This

method can be used for various smart

card systems also. The cost is also

negligible.

REFERENCES:

www.directionsmag.com/

article.php?article_id=375&trv=1

www.nanotechproject.org

www.crnano.org/Speech%20-

%20Trieste.2.ppt

www.foresight.org

Article on “Nanotechnology and

Society : Times of Change ” by

Mike Treder, Executive Director ,

Center for Responsible

Nanotechnology

www.dur.ac.uk/

scientific.enterprise/

Nanotechnology

www.nanosysinc.com/tech/

core.html

www.nanoindian.com

www.veeco.com/support/

nanoconference

www.nanovip.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.nanoforum.org

Article on “Nanotechnology and

Global Security” by Philippe Van

Nedervelde , Executive Director ,

Foresight Nanotech Institute

K.E. Drexler, Engines of Creation

—The Coming Era of

Nanotechnology. Anchor Books,

1986