Super high- yielding rice culti-vation

techniques in cold region:Heilongjiong Province

Jin Zhengxun Northeast Agricultural University

Haerbin

Natural Resources in Heilongjiang Province

• Latitude :43°25′~ 53°33′

• Area : 45.4 만 Km2

• Elevation: 300~1780m

• Accumulated T: 1800~2800℃• Annual mean temperature :

6 ~ 4℃• Average daily sunshine hours:

2400~2800 h

• Rainfall: 250~700mm， 60%

• Frost-free period : 100~140 d

The average temperature

change in Heilongjiang Province

- 19. 5

- 12

9

17

21. 5

15

6

- 6

- 15

2322

- 3

- 25

- 20

- 15

- 10

- 5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Comparison of day and night temperature

difference 12

10. 6

8. 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

哈尔滨 沈阳 杭州

Rice cropping area in Heilongjiang Province

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008

年度

万公

顷

Change of rice yield in Heilongjiang Province

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008

年度

t/公

顷

4.Lodging

Cultivation problems in Heilongjiang Province

1. Chilling damage and blast of rice

2. Must pay special attention to the pre-transplant growth of plants

3. Transplant ultra-sparsely

1. Control pre-tillering number

2. Promote early heading 

3. Increase maturity

Way To Solve Problems

1. Select high-yielding

varieties

Grain yield of super-rice varieties

Variety Year Place Grain yield （ kg/hm2)

Standard of M .A .

Longjing14 2005 Jiansanjiang 10,638. 0 9,750

Longjing18 Jiansanjiang 11,265.0 10,500

Songjing 92004 Jielin city 10,519.5 10,500

2005 Tailai county 11,029.5 10,500

Longjing5 2005 Haerbin city 10,864.5 10,500

Longjing21 2007 Baoquanling 11,791.5 10,500

2. More tillers per plant in seedling bed

Seedling fa-cility

First stage:Sowing date: March 15Sowing rate:100 g/tray Second stage:Transplanting date: April 15Planting specification :2cm×2cm, 1 plant per hill

Seedling transplanting method of two stages

Large seedling trays （ 352 holes ）

Mechanical sowing in straw trays

Seedling type

Sowing rate （ g/tray ）Seedling

date （ d

）

Seedling height

（ cm ） Leaf age

Stem weight （ mg

）Dry seed Germinating seed

Young seedling 200~250 250~300 15~20 10~15 2.0~2.5 10~15

Middle age

seedling80~120 100~150 30~45 15~20 3.5~4.5 20~30

Mechanical sowing by hand

How to prevent leggy seedlings?

3.

Transplant

seedlings

with soil

blocks

To turn seedlings green early

To facilitate planting by machine

4. Appropriate transplanting density

Relationship between plant density and yield components

Fertili-zation

Density(cm)

Pan. length(cm

)

Panicleno./m2

Branch

Grain no./m2

(1X104)

Filled grain rate(%)

1000 grain weight (g)

Yield (kg/ha)1st 2nd

Low input

30 × 16 22.9 203.8 109 183 2.3 87.3 34.0 6,840.4

40 × 16 23.2 196.5 149 268 3.2 91.8 32.4 7,394.8

High input

30 × 16 22.4 241.3 140 213 3.3 88.8 30.9 7,731.9

40 × 16 23.9 240.2 187 346 5.1 85.7 30.7 8,620.5

Low input :(N-P2O5-K2O) 6-3-3Kg/10a, High input:(N-P2O5-K2O) 12-6-6Kg/10a ， Variety： Dongnong V4

Planting Specifications:

36 cm×16 cm, 2-3 plants per hill

Annual N application date （ M 、 D ）

5-5 6-5 　 6-15 　 7-5 7-15 8-25

Basic N 　 Tillering N 　 Relaying N 　 N in PI 　 N in PI

N in Milling

30% 　 20% 　 10% 　　 20% 20%

10%

5. Maintain reasonable N rate and increase potash application rate

N:P2O5:K2O = 1 : 0.5 : 0.8-1

Top-dressing principle of super-high yielding rice

1. Tillering fertilizer: top dressing after

turning green, 10% relaying fertilizer 10 d

after first tillering fertilizer;

2. Top dressing at panicle initiation by

diagnosis

Determining application date of fertilizer

1. First top dressing of panicle fertilizer at

heading stage (panicle length is generally 0 cm

on July 5)

• When panicle length is 1cm , the stage is 18 d

before heading;

• When panicle length is 2cm, the stage is 15 d before

heading;

• When panicle length is 8cm,the stage is 10 d before

heading.

2. Second top dressing of panicle

fertilizer at 10d after first top dressing of

panicle fertilizer.

3. Third top dressing of panicle

fertilizer at heading stage.

6.Irrigation method

Maintain moisture soil at 30 d after heading

7. Harvest in timely way

Daily changes of grain weight

25

26

27

28

29

35(5/ 9) 40 45 50 55

(d灌浆天数 ）

g粒

重（

）

9901东优长粒香

Daily changes of milled rice percent

90

92

94

96

98

100

30 35 40 45 50 55

9901东优

长粒香

Daily changes of taste-meter value of rice

62

6466

68

70

7274

76

35(5/ 9) 40 45 50 55

(d)灌浆天数

味度

值

9901东优长粒香

Suitable rice harvesting time for good quality of rice

• Production quality and yield assurance – aiming for:

• Processing quality• Eating quality• Accumulated temperature after heading

Harvest date and grain maturity

Thank you ！