100 Years Ago The First World War -...
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© 2014 Universal Uclick from The Mini Page © 2014 Universal Uclick 100 Years Ago The First World War A century ago this week, as Austria’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand visited Sarajevo, Bosnia, he and his wife were assassinated, or killed. People in a nearby country, Serbia, were unhappy that Austria-Hungary had annexed, or taken over, Bosnia in 1908. In late July, Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. But by the end of August 1914, nine countries from five continents were involved. The war, which was expected to be over quickly, lasted until 1919. This week, The Mini Page visits with experts at the National World War I Museum in Kansas City, Mo., to learn more about the First World War. United States’ involvement The United States did not enter the war until 1917, when Germany began torpedoing U.S. ships supplying materials to Britain. In April 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. A different kind of war Today, soldiers often fight wars on city streets and from large military vehicles, airplanes and helicopters. But during World War I, much of the fighting was done in the countryside from trenches dug into the ground. Soldiers in the trenches lived among mud, rats and lice. Huddled just below ground level, they would watch for enemy soldiers and take shots at them. Sometimes they would raid the other side’s trenches. Over by Christmas At the beginning of the war, leaders believed the conflict would not last long. German Kaiser Wilhelm II told troops leaving for the front lines: “You will be home before the leaves fall from the trees.” Soldiers hoped to be back with their families for Christmas, a time of peace and goodwill. But the war dragged on until June 1919, when the Treaty of Paris was signed. Before it ended, World War I took the lives of 9 million soldiers. Archduke Franz Ferdinand Germans relax between battles in a trench during World War I. German trenches were quite well- built, some with tunnels and underground bunkers with toilets and electricity. photo courtesy Library of Congress
Transcript of 100 Years Ago The First World War -...
© 2014 Universal Uclick
from The Mini Page © 2014 Universal Uclick100 Years Ago
The First World War A century ago this week, as Austria’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand visited Sarajevo, Bosnia, he and his wife were assassinated, or killed. People in a nearby country, Serbia, were unhappy that Austria-Hungary had annexed, or taken over, Bosnia in 1908. In late July, Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. But by the end of August 1914, nine countries from five continents were involved. The war, which was expected to be over quickly, lasted until 1919. This week, The Mini Page visits with experts at the National World War I Museum in Kansas City, Mo., to learn more about the First World War.United States’ involvement The United States did not enter the war until 1917, when Germany began torpedoing U.S. ships supplying materials to Britain. In April 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany.
A different kind of war Today, soldiers often fight wars oncity streets and from large militaryvehicles, airplanes and helicopters. But during World War I, much of the fighting was done in the countryside from trenches dug into the ground. Soldiers in the trenches lived among mud, rats and lice. Huddled just below ground level, they would watch for enemy soldiers and take shots at them. Sometimes they would raid the other side’s trenches.
Over by Christmas At the beginning of the war, leaders believed the conflict would not last long. German Kaiser Wilhelm II told troops leaving for the front lines: “You will be home before the leaves fall from the trees.” Soldiers hoped to be back with their families for Christmas, a time of peace and goodwill. But the war dragged on until June 1919, when the Treaty of Paris was signed. Before it ended, World War I took the lives of 9 million soldiers.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Germans relax between battles in a trench during World War I. German trenches were quite well-built, some with tunnels and underground bunkers with toilets and electricity.
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Ready Resourcesfrom The Mini Page © 2014 Universal Uclick
The Mini Page provides ideas for websites, books or other resources that will help you learn more about this week’s topics.
On the Web:• bit.ly/1j79tvi• theworldwar.org/learn/kids-familiesAt the library:• “World War I” by Simon Adams• “The Usborne Introduction to the First World War”
by Henry Brook, Rob Lloyd Jones and Conrad Mason
C J W N O I T U L O V E R X N I E U R O P E K E S A E S I D V C Q N O I T A R P O W E R P I N D U S T R I A L D O O F H L A L L Y H S A M T S I R H C I G R R A W A L L I A N C E N A N O I T A V R A T S B F M E N Z W J D E X E N N A M G L R S R D E T A N I S S A S S A T
Words that remind us of World War I are hidden in the block above. Some words are hidden backward or diagonally, and some letters are used twice. See if you can find: ALLIANCE, ALLY, ANNEXED, ASSASSINATED, CHRISTMAS, CIVILIANS, DISEASE, EUROPE, FOOD, INDUSTRIAL, OPTIMISM, POWER, RATION, REVOLUTION, STARVATION, TRENCH, WAR, WORLD.
World War Ifrom The Mini Page © 2014 Universal Uclick
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from The Mini Page © 2014 Universal Uclick
A Confusing CauseWhy war? In the early part of the 20th century, the United States had not yet become a major world power. Most of the economic and political power was centered in Europe. The leaders of Europe’s nations had made many agreements about defending each other. But some of these agreements were starting to break down. Many people in Europe were unhappy about poverty, lack of jobs and food, and inequalities between rich and poor. More arms At the same time, the Industrial Revolution and steel production were making it possible to build huge amounts of powerful weapons and ammunition. All of these factors helped set Europe on a course for war.
Piling on After Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia, other countries joined the conflict. Before August was over: • Russia supported Serbia. • Germany declared war against Russia. • France sent troops to support Russia. • Germany declared war on France. • Germany invaded Belgium (on the way to France). • Great Britain declared war against Germany. • Austria-Hungary declared war
against Russia. • Serbia declared war on Germany. • Great Britain declared war against Austria-Hungary. • Germany invaded France.
Who are we fighting? Some people living in Austria-Hungary along the border were Serbian and joined the Austro-Hungarian army. As a result, in a September battle, Serbs were fighting against Serbs.
The war’s alliances An ally is a friend. When we talk about World War I, we group countries in to the Allies and the Central Powers. At the beginning of the war, the main alliances were:
AlliesFrance
Great BritainRussia
Central PowersGermany
Austria-HungaryOttoman Empire
Look through your newspaper for items about World War I anniversary events.
Color the Allied countries with one color and the Central Powers with another.
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Lenny: What do you get when you cross a woodpecker and a lion?
Lester: An animal that knocks before it eats you!
All the following jokes have something in common. Can you guess the common theme or category?
Lisa: How do lions like their meat cooked?Lucy: Medium-roar!
TM MightyFunny’s Mini Jokes
Larry: Why don’t lions eat clowns?Louise: Because they taste funny!
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Meet Chanelle PelosoChanelle Peloso stars as Rachel in the Disney
Channel movie “Zapped.” It first airs on June 27. She has appeared in several TV shows, including “Incredible Crew” and “R.L. Stine’s The Haunting Hour.” Her movies include the Disney Channel film “Radio Rebel.”
Chanelle, 20, was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. She trained as a gymnast. When she was 12, this helped her get her first role, in a commercial for Gymnastics Barbie.
She took acting classes during her high school years. She wrote and starred in a video, “VOTE!” for her campaign in a school election. She also won the best actress award at a Canadian student film festival for another video she wrote and starred in.
Chanelle now lives in Los Angeles.ph
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Mini SpyMini Spy and her friends are visiting the National World War I Museum in Kansas City, Missouri. See if you can find: q number 7
q watering can q elephant q fish hook q ladderq rolling pin q kite q hourglass q letter Eq ring q heart qumbrella q catq goose q number 3 q ice cream cone q sock
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You’ll need:
What to do:1. Sift dry ingredients in a bowl.2. Add dates and mix well.3. Add butter or shortening and cut with a knife or pastry cutter.4. Add milk and stir until just mixed.5. Place in a well-greased pan and let rise for 20 minutes.6. Bake in a preheated 350-degree oven for 45 minutes.Recipe courtesy The National World War I Museum, Kansas City, Mo.You will need an adult’s help with this recipe.
Rookie Cookie’s RecipeWartime Corn Bread
As wheat became scarce during World War I, people made bread from corn or potatoes.
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• 2 cups white flour• 1 cup cornmeal• 6 teaspoons baking powder• 1 teaspoon salt
• 1 tablespoon sugar• 1 cup finely chopped dates• 1 tablespoon butter or shortening• 1 1/2 cups milk
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Jeff Gordon is a wizard behind the wheel. The 42-year-old NASCAR driver was racing at age 5 and winning competitions by the time he was 6. He began racing his No. 24 car in NASCAR’s top division, now known as the Sprint Cup Series, in 1993. By the start of the 2014 NASCAR season, Jeff had won 88 career NASCAR Cup Series races. He’d also captured Cup season titles as the series’ best driver in 1995, 1997, 1998 and 2001. On May 10, Jeff notched his 89th Cup Series win with a record-setting third victory at Kansas Speedway. The win also secured his spot atop the Sprint Cup standings. Away from the track, Jeff is involved with many charities, including his own Jeff Gordon Children’s Foundation, which helps kids with life-threatening illnesses.
TM Jeff GordonGus
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Height: 5-8Birthdate: 8-4-1971
Hometown: Vallejo,
California
Next week, The Mini Page is about the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The Mini Page thanks Mike Vietti with the National World War I Museum for help with this issue.
from The Mini Page © 2014 Universal Uclick
Feeding the War
The Mini Page StaffBetty Debnam - Founding Editor and Editor at Large Lisa Tarry - Managing Editor Lucy Lien - Associate Editor Wendy Daley - Artist
As the war began, leaders and troops were optimistic* that it would be over within months. War seemed daring and romantic to young soldiers and those left behind. On both the Allied and the Central Powers sides, armies were well-supplied and fed. For example, in 1914, a German soldier’s daily ration, or portion of food, might include: • 26 1/2 ounces of bread • 13 ounces of fresh or frozen meat • 53 ounces of potatoes • coffee, tea, sugar, salt • two cigars and two cigarettes • wine or beer (One slice of modern bread weighs about 1 to 2 ounces. A fast-food hamburger is about 2 to 4 ounces.)Cutting back However, by June 1916, German soldiers had one day a week without any meat at all. The daily meat ration had been cut to 8 3/4 ounces.Rationing at home Nations at war started controlling how much food civilians used so that more could be sent to the armies. In many countries, people received ration tickets for items such as bread and meat. They could get only as much as they had tickets for.
Running out of food In Germany, supplies of food ran short as imports from Western countries were stopped. Breadmakers were said to have started adding sawdust to wheat for bread dough. Potatoes were replaced with turnips, which German people once considered food for animals. In German cities, people rioted over the lack of food. Disease and starvation took the lives of 750,000 Germans before the war ended.In the United States When the U.S. entered the war in 1917, the government encouraged food production and conservation. Groups introduced “Meatless Monday.” The extra food was used to feed starving people in Europe.
Supplying the food When men went away to war, women were left behind to support families and keep households going. In France, the government encouraged farmers to produce as much food as possible to help supply the troops. Women, children and older people all helped work the crops.
* Optimism is hopefulness and confidence about the future.
Infantrymen with the French army pose for a picture in 1916.These soldiers are holding their mess kits, or sets of eating and cooking tools. French soldiers bought extra food from nearby shops and farms when they could.
French women prepare the ground for planting.
photos courtesy National World War I Museum, Kansas City, MO
German ration ticket
