10 UNIT Verbs - MrSossong.commrsossong.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/1/8/13181801/unit10.pdf · 400 Unit...
Transcript of 10 UNIT Verbs - MrSossong.commrsossong.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/1/8/13181801/unit10.pdf · 400 Unit...
UNITUNIT
10 Verbs
398
Lesson 101 Action Verbs 399
Lesson 102 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 401
Lesson 103 Verbs with Indirect Objects 403
Lesson 104 Linking Verbs and Predicate Words 405
Lesson 105 Present Past and Future Tenses 407
Lesson 106 Main Verbs and Helping Verbs 409
Lesson 107 Progressive Forms 411
Lesson 108 Perfect Tenses 413
Lesson 109 Irregular Verbs 415
Lesson 1010 More Irregular Verbs 417
Grammar Review 419
Writing Application 427
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Action VerbsMany sports are games of fast action The actions in sports can be
named by verbs If a word expresses action and tells what a subjectdoes it is an action verb
An action verb is a word that names an action It may containmore than one word
Notice the action verbs in the following paragraph
Sports experts write about the football player Jim Thorpe eventoday Thorpe blocked like a tank He tackled like a tornado In everygame Thorpe attacked his opponents with all his might He caughtthe ball skillfully and charged ahead fearlessly Experts still rememberand honor Thorpersquos greatness
Action verbs can express physical actions such as writing andrunning or mental activities such as thinking and honoring
101 Action Verbs 399
Verbs
write block tackle attack catch charge
remember honor
ACTIONVERB
Have has and had are often used before other verbs They can alsobe used as action verbs when they name what the subject owns orholds
Tonio rememberedThorpersquos famous play
These players have red uniformsThe pitcher has a sore armThe stadium had an electronic
scoreboardOur cheerleader had a megaphone
as hesnaredthe ball
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Exercise 1 Identifying Action Verbs
Write each action verb from the following sentences
1 The French probably invented tennis in about 11502 At one time people called the game lawn tennis3 In 1874 Mary E Outerbridge observed tennis in Bermuda4 She brought a net tennis balls and racquets back to the United States5 She established the first court in New York City6 Maud Wilson won the first womenrsquos championship at Wimbledon in 18847 Ellen Hanson earned the first singles crown at the US Open in 18878 Women excelled at tennis during the 1920s9 Suzanne Lenglen of France won at Wimbledon from 1920 to 1924
10 She developed an athletic style of play11 In 1926 Lenglen starred in the first US professional tennis tour12 Helen Moody set a record of eight Wimbledon singles titles13 Players in Wimbledon compete on grass courts14 Many players prefer clay courts15 Althea Gibson learned tennis on the streets of New York City16 She won her first championship in her home neighborhood of Harlem17 In 1949 Gibson entered college18 Fans regarded her as the foremost woman amateur in the 1950s19 She dominated the game in 1957 and 195820 She established herself as one of the worldrsquos greatest tennis players
Exercise 2 Using Action Verbs
For each sentence write an appropriate action verb
1 People have against each other in bowling for thousands of years2 The sport probably in ancient Egypt3 In Germany during the Middle Ages people bowling at village dances4 The Germans stones at wooden clubs5 In the Netherlands pin setters tall pins far apart6 The Dutch their game to America during the 1600s7 Americans first the game at Bowling Green in New York City8 The game soon in popularity throughout New England9 Eventually people all over the country for recreation
10 Thousands still the game today
Transitive andIntransitive Verbs
Every sentence has a subject and a predicate In some sentences thepredicate consists of only an action verb
The punter kicks
Usually sentences provide more information The predicate oftennames who or what received the action of the verb
102 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 401
In the sentence above football receives the action of the verb kicksIt answers the question what after the action verb Football is called adirect object
A direct object receives the action of a verb It answers the ques-tion whom or what after an action verb
A verb can also have a compound direct object That is it can havemore than one direct object
The team carried gloves and bats into the stadium
Sometimes the action verb does not have a direct object
The team played well
In the sentence above well does not answer the question whom orwhat after the verb played Therefore it is not a direct object Actionverbs that have direct objects are called transitive verbs Action verbsthat do not have direct objects are called intransitive verbs
A transitive verb has a direct object
An intransitive verb does not have a direct object
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Exercise 3 Distinguishing Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Write each sentence Underline each action verb If the verb has a directobject write transitive If it does not write intransitive Draw a circle aroundeach direct object
1 Few athletes rival Jim Thorpe2 Thorpe gained fame as one of the greatest athletes in history3 Jim Thorpe ran fast as a boy in Oklahoma4 Thorpe came from a Native American family5 In 1909 Jim Thorpe entered Carlisle College6 Thorpe played football there under Coach Pop Warner7 He starred as the starting halfback on the team8 He excelled as a spectacular runner placekicker and tackler9 In 1912 Thorpe scored 129 points
10 Thorpe entered the 1912 Olympics11 He participated in the decathlon and pentathlon12 He competed against many other athletes13 He jumped higher and farther than the others14 Thorpe ran with great strength and concentration15 Other track athletes copied Jim Thorpersquos style16 Thorpe defeated his rivals in the ten events of the decathlon17 He even set world records18 He began his professional football career in 191519 He served as the first president of the football association20 Thorpe retired from football in 1929 at the age of forty-one
Exercise 4 Using Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Write each sentence If the verb is transitive add a direct object in the blankspace If the verb is intransitive leave the space blank Direct objects willvary
1 Track meets provide of many kinds2 The first track competitions appeared in ancient Greece during the
Olympic Games3 Individual athletes as well as teams of athletes demonstrate at track
events4 Many athletes perform well in a variety of events5 Hurdle races challenge
Verbs with Indirect ObjectsNouns or pronouns that answer the question whom or what after
an action verb are called direct objects
Michael Jordan led his team to the championshipMichael Jordan tossed the ball
Sometimes two kinds of objects follow an action verb The objectthat directly receives the action of the verb is the direct object Theobject that tells to whom or for whom the action is done is called theindirect object
An indirect object answers the question to whom or for whom anaction is done
103 Verbs with Indirect Objects 403
to whom
The direct object in the sentence above is shots The indirect objectis teammates Teammates answers the question to whom after theaction verb shows
An indirect object appears only in a sentence that has a directobject Two easy clues will help you recognize indirect objects Firstthe indirect object always comes before a direct object Second youcan add to or for before the indirect object and change its positionThe sentence will still make sense although it will no longer have anindirect object
The helper gives the players towelsThe helper gives the towels to the players
You can figure out that in the first sentence players is theindirect object First it comes before the direct object Secondits position can be changed to follow the word to
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Verb
s
Exercise 5 Identifying Direct and Indirect Objects
Write each sentence If the sentence contains a direct object underlineit once If the sentence contains an indirect object underline it twice
1 The tournament sometimes attracts good athletes2 The university gave the tournament its support3 The level of play interested the onlookers4 One player earned his team a three-point edge5 For a few minutes no player could stop him6 In the first game of the season the teams showed their fans some
skillful plays7 A number of fans cheered loudly at each game8 Many fans paid the players tribute with colorful banners9 The coach gave the players new instructions
10 Students from many different schools cheered their favorite players11 Mr Romero refereed the game12 Claytonrsquos shooting skill gave his teamrsquos offense a potent advantage13 All of the players paid him many compliments14 All of the players admired his ability15 Several players gave him a pat on the back16 A top reporter wrote an article about the game for the Times Gazette17 She asked Clayton some questions about his game18 Clayton explained his strategy to her19 The coach gave his players all the credit20 The team in turn praised its coach
Exercise 6 Using Indirect Objects
Without changing the meaning of the sentence rewrite each so that itcontains an indirect object Underline the indirect object
SAMPLE A good show was given to us by the field eventsANSWER The field events gave us a good show
1 The competitors are given height and speed by long fiberglass poles2 The vaulters are shown each move by the coaches3 Well-prepared competitors are brought victory by constant practice4 A vaulter earns another chance by a successful jump5 The competitors are given encouragement by the crowdrsquos cheers
Linking Verbsand Predicate Words
Action verbs tell what the subject of a sentence does Other verbstell what the subject is or is like These verbs are called linking verbs
A linking verb connects the subject of a sentence with a noun oran adjective in the predicate
104 Linking Verbs and Predicate Words 405
In the sentence above the word was is a linking verb It connectsor links the subject John McGraw to a word in the predicatemanager
A predicate noun is a noun that follows a linking verb It tells whatthe subject is
A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb Itdescribes the subject by telling what it is like
Sam is a pitcher [predicate noun]The pitcher is skillful [predicate adjective]
be appear turn smellbecome look taste soundseem grow feel
Many of these verbs can also be used as action verbs
Chandra turned thirteen [linking verb]The car turned the corner [action verb]
Common Linking Verbs
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Verbs
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Exercise 7 Distinguishing Action and Linking Verbsand Predicate Nouns and Adjectives
Write each sentence Underline each verb and write whether it is anaction verb or a linking verb If it is a linking verb circle the predicatenoun or predicate adjective Write whether it is a predicate nounor a predicate adjective
1 Our pitcher appears very nervous today2 He shows a serious lack of concentration3 The catcher ran very quickly4 She seems quite agile5 She caught the ball6 The pitcher was a good hitter7 He was also a fine fielder8 The player at third base threw the baseball9 It sailed into the outfield
10 Fans of the team grew ecstatic11 One player turned a pop fly into a home run12 The ball flew into the bleachers13 Fans of the home team seem confident today14 The team looked wonderful for the first three innings15 The home team was the winner yesterday16 The players on both teams seem eager at the start of the game17 The mayor walks onto the field18 She looks very proud of the team19 All of the team members flock around her20 She is an honorary member of the team
Exercise 8 Using Predicate Nouns and Adjectiveswith Linking Verbs
Write each sentence adding a predicate noun or adjective to fill the blank
1 Sports are in many schools2 Athletes feel after a workout3 Hot dogs taste at the ball park4 Beth is a on the basketball team5 Josh and Sam are in the school band
Present Pastand Future Tenses
A verb changes its form to show tense and to agree with its subjectThe tense of a verb tells when an action takes place
The present tense of a verb names an action that is happeningnow or that happens regularly It can also express a general truth
In the present tense the base form of a verb is used with allsubjects except singular nouns and the words he she and it Whenthe subject is a singular noun or he she or it -s is usually added tothe verb
Singular Plural
I race We raceYou race You raceHe she or it races They race
The past tense of a verb names an action that alreadyhappened
The past tense of many verbs is formed by adding -ed to the baseform of the verb
The runner trained hard I slapped the buzzer
The future tense of a verb names an action that will take place inthe future
In the future tense the word will is used with the verb Sometimesshall is used when the pronoun I or we is the subject
Singular Plural
I will (shall) go We will (shall) goYou will go You will goHe she or it will go They will go
105 Present Past and Future Tenses 407
Present Tense Forms
Future Tense Forms
105105
Verbs
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s
Exercise 9 Using the Past Tense of Verbs
Write the past tense of each verb
1 Jesse Owens achieves a national reputation during the 1930s2 He lives his early years in Oakville Alabama3 At the age of seven he moves with his family to Cleveland4 In 1933 he enters Ohio State University5 Almost immediately he succeeds in track and field events6 At a college meet he establishes three world records in forty-five
minutes7 He gains great fame at the Summer Olympics of 19368 The games occur in Berlin Germany9 Owens walks away with seven world records
10 His success earns him a position as one of historyrsquos most famousathletes
Exercise 10 Using Present Past and Future Tenses
Write the appropriate tense of the verb in parentheses Then write whether itis in the present past or future tense
1 Wilma Rudolph (enter) many races in the 1950s2 She (gain) victory in a great many of those3 During her youth Rudolph (suffer) many difficulties4 Her hard work (allow) her to overcome all of them5 She (practice) hour after hour and day after day6 Wilma Rudolph (encourage) other young runners7 Her record (offer) hope to any young runner8 She (work) every day for it9 In future years people (remember) her success on the track
10 At an early age Wilma Rudolph (learn) the importance of good health11 The young Wilma (want) an active life12 As a girl she (enjoy) several different sports13 She (triumph) over many illnesses14 For many years she (train) long and hard15 All her work finally (count)16 In 1960 Rudolph (receive) an Olympic medal in track17 Her medal (prove) the importance of hard work18 This great runner no longer (describe) sports on television19 Rudolph died in 1994 but her performance (inspire) many young athletes20 In the years ahead young runners (follow) Rudolphrsquos example
Main Verbsand Helping Verbs
Verbs have four principal parts that are used to form all tenses Thechart below shows how the principal parts of most verbs are formed
106 Main Verbs and Helping Verbs 409
Base Present Past PastForm Participle Form Participle
jump jumping jumped jumped
Singular Plural Singular Plural
I have jumped We have jumped I had jumped We had jumpedYou have jumped You have jumped You had jumped You had jumpedShe has jumped They have jumped She had jumped They had jumped
The principal parts of a verb are often combined with helpingverbs to form verb phrases
A helping verb is a verb that completes the meaning of the mainverb
A verb phrase consists of one or more helping verbs followed by amain verb
The students are jumping rope now
In the sentence above the word are is the helping verb and thepresent participle jumping is the main verb Together they form a verbphrase
The most common helping verbs are be have and do Forms of thehelping verb be include am is and are in the present and was andwere in the past They combine with the present participle of the mainverb
Forms of the helping verb have include has and had They combinewith the past participle form of a verb
Principal Parts
Have Has and Had with the Past Participle
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Exercise 11 Using Helping Verbs with Presentand Past Participles
Write each sentence choosing the correct helping verb from the parenthesesUnderline the verb phrase once and draw a second line under the participleThen write whether it is a present participle or a past participle
1 We (are have) learning about archery this year2 Slowly but surely champions (are had) making archery a more popular
sport throughout the country3 During the last forty or fifty years competitive archery equipment (are has)
changed very little4 Many people (are have) playing in tournaments each year5 Archers (was had) founded the National Archery Association in 1879 for
annual tournaments6 Tournaments (have are) increased peoplersquos interest in archery7 People (have are) competing in tournaments in target archery field archery
flight shooting and shooting at ground targets8 Many more people (have are) enjoyed target archery than any other type
of archery9 In target archery competitors (are have) shooting down a long course at
straw targets10 Concentric wire circles (are have) dividing the target into sections11 Similar wire circles (have are) dividing the bullrsquos-eye into sections12 An archer (is has) earning ten points by a direct hit in the bullrsquos-eye13 The archers in the competition (are have) practiced for at least three hours
every day14 Archers (are had) marking their targets15 Archers (are have) working hard in todayrsquos competition16 That archer in the colorful red jacket (is has) earned the most points so far
in the tournament17 She (is has) scored several bullrsquos-eyes18 Sarafinarsquos arrow (is has) landed away from the target19 She (is has) adjusting for her next shot at the target20 A good archer (is has) planning each and every shot21 Her concentration (is has) improved greatly22 Last year archery (had was) taking up most of her free time23 The best archers (have are) devoted countless hours to their sport24 Some archers (are have) bringing new arrows25 Tomorrowrsquos champion (is has) profited from old mistakes
Progressive FormsYou know that the present tense of a verb names an action that
occurs repeatedly To describe an action that is taking place right nowyou use the present progressive form of the verb
The present progressive form of a verb names an action orcondition that is continuing in the present
I am enjoying this baseball game at Candlestick ParkThe home team is winning at the moment
The present progressive form of a verb consists of the presentparticiple of the main verb and the helping verb am are or is
107 Progressive Forms 411
Verbs
Singular Plural
I am looking We are lookingYou are looking You are lookingHe she or it is looking They are looking
The past progressive form of a verb names an action or conditionthat continued for some time in the past
They were winning the game
The past progressive form of a verb consists of the presentparticiple and the helping verb was or were
Singular Plural
I was trying We were tryingYou were trying You were tryingHe she or it was trying They were trying
Present Progressive Form
Past Progressive Form
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Exercise 12 Using Present and Past Progressive Forms
Rewrite each sentence using the present progressive or past progressive formof the verb
1 Soccer (develop) into the most popular sport in the world2 I (watch) a great soccer game on television now3 The players (try) very hard4 Yesterday fans (cheer) this same team5 Every play (gain) my undivided attention6 The fans (follow) every play7 No one (miss) a moment of the action8 Today the crowd (applaud) wildly9 The players (think) very hard about every play
10 After the game the players (search) for the bus11 They (look) up and down each street12 They (search) behind houses and barns13 They (get) desperate14 The coach (laugh) at the players15 He (give) them some hints16 He (suggest) some possible locations17 Finally they (look) at a bus18 They (go) up to it19 They (examine) the bus closely20 They (climb) onto the bus
Exercise 13 Using the Progressive Forms
Rewrite each sentence If the verb is in the present tense change it to presentprogressive If the verb is in the past tense change it to past progressive
1 The soccer coach plans a team for the next season2 She asked players from other teams to the tryouts3 Many new players tried out also4 Some players train for the next season5 My friend watched the players at the tryouts6 Some players stand by the goal post7 The players kick the ball back and forth8 Several players exercised9 A goalie inspected the field
10 Some enthusiastic players practice daily
Perfect Tenses The present perfect tense of a verb names an action that
happened at an indefinite time in the past It also tells about anaction that happened in the past and is still happening now
My family has attended many sports eventsWe have watched baseball games for years
The present perfect tense consists of the helping verb have or hasand the past participle of the main verb
108 Perfect Tenses 413
Singular Plural
I have watched We have watchedYou have watched You have watchedHe she or it has watched They have watched
The past perfect tense of a verb names an action that happenedbefore another action or event in the past
The past perfect tense is often used in sentences that contain a pasttense verb in another part of the sentence
By the time we found our seats the game had already startedI had never seen a baseball game before
The past perfect tense of a verb consists of the helping verb hadand the past participle of the main verb
Singular Plural
I had studied We had studiedYou had studied You had studiedHe she or it had studied They had studied
Present Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
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s
Exercise 14 Using the Present Perfect Tense
Write each sentence using the present perfect tense of the verb inparentheses
1 Some players (recognize) the need for practice2 They (start) their warm-up routines3 They (walk) to the practice field very early4 They (arrive) in time to hear the coachrsquos instructions5 They (follow) every bit of advice6 They (devote) the extra time7 The coach (watch) the games8 She (notice) some real weaknesses9 She (identify) items for practice
10 She (plan) an intensive practice11 She (call) an early practice this evening12 Some players (complain) about the work13 Most players (agree) to the new rules14 They (realize) their weaknesses15 They (experience) the benefits of practice16 They (arrive) at school early for more practice17 Some (practice) for three hours18 Others (promise) weekend practice19 The students (hope) for a victory20 They (work) very hard for it
Exercise 15 Using the Past Perfect Tense
Write each sentence using the past perfect tense of the verb inparentheses
1 The skater (earn) a medal by the age of six2 She (want) a place on her schoolrsquos skating team3 The speed skater (try) twice before4 She (practice) daily5 The team (welcome) her into the group6 They (wish) her the best of luck7 The spectators (notice) the new skater8 Her skating (improve) dramatically9 They were pleased that she (earn) a place on the team
10 They (celebrate) her first victory
Irregular VerbsThe irregular verbs below are grouped according to the way
their past form and past participle are formed
109 Irregular Verbs 415
Pattern Base Form Past Form Past Participle
One vowel begin began begunchanges to drink drank drunkform the past ring rang rungand the past shrink shrank or shrunk shrunkparticiple sing sang sung
spring sprang or sprung sprungswim swam swum
The past form bring brought broughtand past buy bought boughtparticiple are catch caught caughtthe same creep crept crept
feel felt feltget got got or gottenkeep kept keptlay laid laidlead led ledleave left leftlend lent lentlose lost lostmake made madepay paid paidsay said saidseek sought soughtsell sold soldsit sat satsleep slept sleptswing swung swungteach taught taughtthink thought thoughtwin won won
Present Perfect Tense
swingswungswung
throwthrewthrown
flingflungflung
winwonwon
hithithit109109
Verbs
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Exercise 16 Using the Past Forms of Irregular Verbs
Write the past form or past participle of the verb in parentheses
1 The public first (sing) Sonja Heniersquos praises in the late 1920s as her famebegan to spread internationally
2 Experts have (say) that she made figure skating popular all by herself3 Sports historians have (think) highly of her4 She (get) gold medals at the 1928 1932 and 1936 Olympic games5 After her victories she (win) roles in several American movies in which she
appeared with other major stars6 Peggy Fleming and Dorothy Hamill of the United States had also (begin)
professional careers after Olympic victories7 They have (bring) high standards to the sport8 Ballet has (lend) many movements to figure skating9 It has (make) figure skating very graceful
10 Last night the skater (spring) into the rink11 Her sudden appearance had (catch) the spectators by surprise12 The silver skate blades (ring) on the ice13 The skater has (lead) her partner onto the ice14 The skaterrsquos partner has (catch) the woman expertly15 Hours of practice had (bring) them to a perfect and flawless performance
that could keep the audience spellbound16 We (feel) the excitement of the moment17 We (keep) our eyes on the expert pair18 The judges (begin) their voting immediately after each
performance ended19 The coach had (teach) the skaters to perform as well and as perfectly as
possible20 That skating team (win) last yearrsquos gold medal21 One judge has (seek) the opinion of another judge22 The judges have (keep) the performances very clearly in mind23 We (think) that each skater did his or her best to entertain the vast audience
that filled the arena24 The judges (think) the performance spectacular despite a few imperfections
during the closing moments25 Even the skills of the losers (leave) us breathless
More Irregular Verbs
1010 More Irregular Verbs 417
Irregular Verbs
Pattern Base Form Past Form PastParticiple
The base form and become became becomethe past participle come came comeare the same run ran run
The past form ends blow blew blownin -ew and the draw drew drawnpast participle fly flew flownends in -wn grow grew grown
know knew knownthrow threw thrown
The past participle bite bit bitten or bitends in -en break broke broken
choose chose chosendrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallengive gave givenride rode riddenrise rose risensee saw seenspeak spoke spokensteal stole stolentake took takenwrite wrote written
The past form and be am are is was were beenthe past participle do did donedo not follow any go went gonepattern tear tore torn
wear wore worn
The base form cut cut cutpast form and let let letpast participle put put putare all the same hit hit hit
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Verbs
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s
Exercise 17 Identifying Past Forms of Irregular Verbs
Write each verb and identify it as past tense or past participle form
1 Hockey has become one of the worldrsquos most popular sports2 It has grown into a financially successful sport as well3 The spectators have given hockey their support4 Last nightrsquos game was particularly impressive5 A half hour passed without a score6 The players had driven up and down the ice7 Never had we seen such fierce play8 We saw several shots on the goal9 The goalies had fallen on several
10 The crowd went wild
Exercise 18 Using the Past Forms of Irregular Verbs
Write the past tense or the past participle form of the verb inparentheses whichever the sentence requires
1 I once (know) almost nothing about handball2 I have (see) several games of handball in the city recently3 When I felt the excitement of the game I (know) that handball was for me4 The speed of the game (take) my breath away5 Several of us have (choose) to join a handball club6 Gail has (speak) with the director7 He has (write) out her membership card8 He also (give) Gail a few visitorsrsquo passes9 Gail (become) interested in handball last year and now plays regularly
10 She has (become) a very fine player11 She has (give) hours to her new sport12 The handball (fly) across the room13 Juan (drive) the shot against the front wall14 One of the players has (tear) her sweatshirt15 A player has (fall) during an exciting play16 The player (take) time out for a few moments17 The director (draw) the four lines across the handball court18 Two players have (choose) a date for their next game19 The winner (give) a victory speech20 She (rise) from her chair to say a few words to the audience
Grammar Review 419
V E R B S
Douglas the hero of this novel craves a new pair of sporty ten-nis shoes In this passage which has been annotated to show vari-ous concepts covered in the unit he tries to persuade a shoe-storeowner to sell him a pair
Literature Model
from Dandelion Wineby Ray Bradbury
Pleaserdquo Douglas held out his hand ldquoMr Sandersonnow could you kind of rock back and forth a little
sponge around bounce kind of while I tell you the restItrsquos this I give you my money you give me the shoes Iowe you a dollar But Mr Sanderson butmdashsoon as I getthose shoes on you know what happensrdquo
ldquoWhatrdquoldquoBang I deliver your packages pick up packages
bring you coffee burn your trash run to the post officetelegraph office library Yoursquoll see twelve of me in andout in and out every minute Feel those shoes MrSanderson feel how fast theyrsquod take me All those springsinside Feel all the running inside Feel how they kind ofgrab hold and canrsquot let you alone and donrsquot like you juststanding there Feel how quick Irsquod be doing the thingsyoursquod rather not bother with You stay in the nice coolstore while Irsquom jumping all around town But itrsquos not mereally itrsquos the shoes Theyrsquore going like mad down alleyscutting corners and back There they gordquo
Action verb
Indirect object
Future tense
Presentprogressive form
Predicate noun
Direct object
ldquo
UNIT 10UNIT 10 Grammar ReviewGrammar ReviewVerbs
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Verb
s
Grammar ReviewGrammar Review
Review Exercise 1 Identifying Action Verbs and Direct Objects
Write each sentence Then underline each action verb (including any helpingverbs) and circle the direct object
SAMPLE Douglas spends his money for shoesANSWER Douglas spends his money for shoes
1 Douglas owes a dollar for the shoes2 Douglas suggests a solution to his problem3 Douglas asks a favor of Mr Sanderson4 Douglas will do many things5 Douglas will deliver packages6 Douglas will bring coffee to Mr Sanderson7 Douglas will also burn the trash8 He will attempt odd jobs for Mr Sanderson9 He will take the mail to the post office
10 Douglas will perform these chores
Review Exercise 2 Distinguishing Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Write each sentence Underline each verb and circle any direct objectsThen write T if the verb is transitive or I if the verb is intransitive
SAMPLE Douglas and his father and brother pick dandelions for saladANSWER Douglas and his father and brother pick dandelions for salad T
1 Ray Bradbury wrote about a special summer in the twelfth year of Douglasrsquoslife
2 Bradbury reveals a great deal about Douglas3 A boyrsquos twelfth year provides durable memories4 Young boys make new discoveries all the time5 Douglas valued his experience6 He learned during that summer7 His daily experiences caused wonder8 Douglas felt exhaustion9 Douglas slowly learns many things about life
10 Writers learn by writing
Grammar Review 421
Grammar ReviewGrammar Review
Review Exercise 3 Distinguishing Direct and Indirect Objects
Write each direct object If the sentence contains an indirect object write itand underline it
SAMPLE Please hand me the shoesANSWER shoes me
1 Those shoes always give him blisters2 People wear different shoes for different purposes3 Shoes give people support4 People need special shoes for play5 A number of styles meet the requirements of various sports6 Football and baseball players wear special designs7 Many people buy their children sturdy shoes for active wear8 He asked me a question about the history of shoes9 People in cold climates wore shoes of animal fur
10 People in warmer climates designed themselves open shoes
Review Exercise 4 Identifying Action and Linking Verbsand Predicate Words
Write each sentence Circle each verb and write whether it is an action or alinking verb Then write whether the underlined word or words is a directobject an indirect object a predicate noun or a predicate adjective
SAMPLE A dandelion is a bright yellow flowerANSWER A dandelion is a bright yellow flower (linking verb predicate noun)
1 Dandelions dot lawns and meadows2 The temperate regions of the world encourage the growth of dandelions3 The flowers have given us great beauty4 Gardeners of the world have declared war on the dandelion5 Garden and lawn lovers hunt dandelions mercilessly6 The dandelion is not a native American weed7 The early colonists brought them from Europe8 The root of the dandelion is long9 Roots young leaves and flower buds are tasty and nutritious
10 Some gardeners give friends dandelion greens for salad
Verbs
422 Unit 10 Verbs
Verb
s
Grammar ReviewGrammar Review
Review Exercise 5 Distinguishing Present Past and Future Tenses
Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses Then write whether it is inthe present past or future tense
SAMPLE Every year Susan (grow) more weeds in her garden than vegetablesANSWER grows mdash present
1 Beautiful plants (demand) great care2 Farmers in the United States (spend) more than $6 billion last year3 They (use) the money on weeds4 Weeds always (compete) with crops for sunlight and water5 In spite of the money farmers last year (lose) a fortune because of weeds6 Weeds (appear) in gardens parks and playgrounds7 Unless they are controlled they (grow) along highways and railroad tracks8 Some weeds (poison) people and animals last year9 Every year others (produce) severe skin reactions in people
10 Next autumn ragweed pollen (cause) hay fever in many sufferers
Review Exercise 6 Identifying Verb Phrases and Participles
Write each verb phrase and draw a line under the main verb Then writewhether the main verb is a present participle or a past participle
SAMPLE This yearrsquos races are capturing everyonersquos attentionANSWER are capturing mdash present participle
1 In early March a number of people are readying themselves for a big race2 The course is plotted between Anchorage and Nome in Alaska3 In the past several dozen people and their dogs have competed4 The Iditarod International Sled Dog Race has occurred yearly since 19735 Drivers are scheduling eleven days for the race6 Racers are always preparing for difficult conditions7 Cold snow and howling winds have turned the course into a nightmare8 The wind-chill factor has dropped the temperature to an effective ndash100degF9 The race has tested both dogs and racers
10 Success in the race has made people and dogs celebrities
Grammar Review 423
Grammar ReviewGrammar Review
Review Exercise 7 Using Progressive Forms
Write each sentence using the verb form indicated in italics
SAMPLE I (read) an exciting type of fiction present progressiveANSWER I am reading an exciting type of fiction
1 Ray Bradbury (write) fantasy novels past progressive2 He (experiment) with science fiction topics past progressive3 A writer of fantasy (examine) a world of dreams past progressive4 He or she (make) the unusual understandable past progressive5 Some science-fiction authors (deal) with the future present progressive6 They (create) an unbelievable and fantastic world present progressive7 The most interesting writers however (describe) possible events present
progressive8 We (enjoy) their realistic characters present progressive9 I (relate) to their hopes and dreams present progressive
10 Ray Bradbury (worry) about the future of humanity past progressive
Review Exercise 8 Using Perfect Tenses
Write each sentence using the tense indicated in italics
SAMPLE I (complete) an interesting summer project present perfectANSWER I have completed an interesting summer project
1 I (collect) a number of fascinating books past perfect2 All of these (hold) my interest present perfect3 Each story (feature) fantasy past perfect4 The stories (include) strange settings and unusual characters past perfect5 A few stories also (contain) very imaginative situations present perfect6 Some of these (remain) fresh in my mind present perfect7 I (remember) a story set in the very distant future present perfect8 I (recall) the characters in the story present perfect9 They (abandon) their feet as a means of transportation past perfect
10 They (wish) themselves somewhere else past perfect
Verbs
424 Unit 10 Verbs
Verb
s
Grammar ReviewGrammar Review
Review Exercise 9 Using the Past and Past Participlesof Irregular Verbs
Write the past tense or the past participle of the verb in parentheseswhichever the sentence requires
SAMPLE The sport of automobile racing had (begin) in the 1890sANSWER begun
1 The first racers (take) their cars to regular public roads2 Many of these were (make) of dirt3 Drivers on these roads often (lose) control of their cars4 They (swing) from the course into groups of spectators5 The spectators (pay) a high price for their curiosity6 The first racing organization in the world had (get) a start in 18957 The course had (lead) from Paris to Bordeauxmdash732 miles8 Twenty-two drivers (begin) the race9 Only nine had (bring) their cars across the finish line
10 The winner (creep) along at fifteen miles per hour
Review Exercise 10 Using the Past and Past Participlesof Irregular Verbs
Write the past tense or the past participle of the verb in parentheseswhichever the sentence requires
SAMPLE For many years racing has (be) a very popular form of competitionANSWER been
1 Early race cars (be) the same as family autos2 Todayrsquos race cars are (drive) just at races3 They have (become) very special vehicles4 A race car has (come) to be a very expensive item5 Auto racing has (grow) into a very special sport6 In the last few years it has (draw) only very wealthy competitors7 No race car is (give) away8 A dedicated racer has (go) to great trouble9 He or she has (choose) to race
10 It has already (take) years of preparation
Grammar Review 425
Grammar ReviewGrammar Review
Review Exercise 11
ProofreadingThe following passage is about the artist Gregg Spears whosepainting appears on the next page Rewrite the passage correctingthe errors in spelling grammar and usage Add any missing punc-tuation There are ten errors
1Gregg Spearsrsquos My Back Porch like Ray Bradburyrsquos Dandelion Winehas catched lifes everyday happenings 2Spears has always seeked to cre-ate new understanding of such comon themes
3Spears growed up in Chicago and it is there that most of his workshave been exhibited 4Gregg Spears has participate in exhibits at theDuSable Museum of African American History 5And the ChicagoCultural Center 6The location of Spearrsquos studio are an abandonedbuilding that has been rebuilt instead of having been teared down
Mixed ReviewNumber your paper from one to ten For each item in parentheseswrite a verb form that makes sense for the passage
The World of Science FictionRay Bradbury 1(linking verb) one of the leading American science-
fiction writers People 2(action verb) science fiction Common themesinclude time travel fantastic inventions and space travel A large num-ber of science-fiction stories 3(action verb) in the future Some includ-ing Bradburyrsquos describe 4(direct object) engaged in ordinary activities
Science fictionrsquos beginnings 5(linking verb) in prehistoric mythsThese stories commonly offered 6(indirect object) fantastic voyages andadventures In the first century AD a Greek writer 7(past progressiveform) stories that described trips to the moon
In the current century magazines 8(present perfect tense verb) the fameof science fiction Movies 9(action verb) the popularity of science-fictionthemes In the 1970s and 1980s a number of science-fiction authorsincreased in popularity with the general reader Writers like RayBradbury are now 10(predicate adjective) to readers throughout the world
Verbs
426 Unit 10 Verbs
Verb
s
Grammar ReviewGrammar Review
Gregg Spears My Back Porch 1992
Writing ApplicationWriting Application
Writing Application 427
Verbs
Verbs in WritingNotice the way Minfong Ho usesverbs in this passage from The ClayMarble They vividly capture the rainysetting and bring Jantursquos and Dararsquosmoods and actions to life for readersRead the passage focusing especiallyon the italicized verbs
The wind picked up and wassweeping up eddies of dust into theair Then the rain started in earnestone of those sudden thunderstormshinting of the monsoons due tocome soon Jantu stretched hersarong protectively over the pile ofstraw where her clay figures wereHunched over them like that shelooked like a scruffy hen trying tohatch her precious eggs
I huddled close to Jantu andlistened to the rain drumming on theleaves Raindrops pierced throughthe cracks of the palm fronds andfelt light and cool on my bare arms
Techniques with VerbsTry to apply some of MinfongHorsquos techniques when youwrite and revise your ownwork
Keep your writing lively by varyingthe kinds of linking verbs you use
COMMON LINKING VERB she was ascruffy hen
HOrsquoS VERSION she looked like ascruffy hen trying to hatch herprecious eggs
Whenever possible replace blandand common verbs with vivid actionverbs Compare the following
GENERAL VERB raindrops fell throughthe cracks of the palm fronds
HOrsquoS VERSION raindrops piercedthrough the cracks of the palmfronds
2
1
Try out these techniques by revising the passage below Use a separatesheet of paper As you work focus especially on the underlined words
There was Quentin standing on the diving board He was a taut rubber band Ablast of sound filled the air as the referee blew his whistle Quentin then moved hislong arms first back and then forward adding energy with each movement Jumpingoff the board he rose high into the air above the shimmering pool Falling toward thepool Quentin made three complete turns Then arms pointed out in front of him hedove cleanly through the water to complete his dive
PracticePractice
For more aboutthe writingprocess see TIMEFacing the BlankPage pp 97ndash107
Writing OnlineFor more grammar practice go to glencoecomand enter QuickPass code WC77680p2
2004
105480934
- Glencoe Writers Choice Grade 7
-
- Book Overview
-
- Part 1 Composition
-
- Unit 1 Personal Writing
- Unit 2 The Writing Process
- TIME Facing the Blank Page
- Unit 3 Descriptive Writing
- Unit 4 Narrative Writing
- Unit 5 Expository Writing
- Unit 6 Persuasive Writing
- Unit 7 Troubleshooter
- Business and Technical Writing
-
- Part 2 Grammar Usage and Mechanics
-
- Unit 8 Subjects Predicates and Sentences
- Unit 9 Nouns
- Unit 10 Verbs
- Unit 11 Pronouns
- Unit 12 Adjectives and Adverbs
- Unit 13 Prepositions Conjunctions and Interjections
- Unit 14 Clauses and Complex Sentences
- Unit 15 Verbals
- Unit 16 Subject-Verb Agreement
- Unit 17 Glossary of Special Usage Problems
- Unit 18 Diagraming Sentences
- Unit 19 Capitalization
- Unit 20 Punctuation
- Unit 21 Grammar Through Sentence Combining
-
- Part 3 Resources and Skills
-
- Unit 22 Library and Reference Resources
- Unit 23 Vocabulary and Spelling
- Unit 24 Study Skills
- Unit 25 Taking Tests
- Unit 26 Listening and Speaking
- Unit 27 Viewing and Representing
- Unit 28 Electronic Resources
-
- Reference Section
-
- Writing and Language Glossary
- Spanish Glossary
- Writing and Research Handbook
- Index
- Acknowledgments
-
- Table of Contents
-
- Part 1 Composition
-
- Unit 1 Personal Writing
-
- Writing in the Real World Come Dance by the Ocean Song by Ella Jenkins
- Lesson 11 Writing About Whats Important to You
-
- Write a Letter Cross-Curricular Activity Listening and Speaking Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 12 Collecting Information
-
- Write a Learning Log Viewing and Representing Using Computers Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 13 Writing to Celebrate
-
- Write an Invitation Listening and Speaking Spelling Hints Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 14 Writing About Yourself
-
- Write About an Experience Viewing and Representing Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 15 Responding to a Character
-
- Write a Letter Listening and Speaking Using Computers Grammar Link
-
- Writing Process in Action Personal Writing Project
-
- Write about a special day in your life
-
- Literature Model from The Diary of Latoya Hunter by Latoya Hunter
-
- Linking Writing and Literature Learning to Learn Talk About Reading Write About Reading
-
- Unit 1 Review Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum
-
- Unit 2 The Writing Process
-
- Writing in the Real World from Smart Cool and on the Air Newspaper Feature by Maisha Maurant
- Lesson 21 Using the Writing Process
-
- Write a Paragraph Collaborative Writing Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 22 Prewriting Finding and Exploring a Topic
-
- Collect Topic Ideas Listening and Speaking Viewing and Representing Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 23 Prewriting Determining Purpose and Audience
-
- Identify Purpose and Audience Listening and Speaking Using Computers Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 24 Prewriting Ordering Ideas
-
- Make a Plan for Your Writing Viewing and Representing Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 25 Drafting Getting It in Writing
-
- Write a Draft Viewing and Representing Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 26 Revising Evaluating a Draft
-
- Evaluate a Draft Cross-Curricular Activity Using Computers Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 27 Revising Making Paragraphs Effective
-
- Revise for Effective Paragraphs Using Computers Listening and Speaking Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 28 Revising Creating Sentence Variety
-
- Vary Sentence Lengths Cross-Curricular Activity Viewing and Representing Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 29 EditingProofreading Making Final Adjustments
-
- Edit Your Writing Listening and Speaking Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 210 PublishingPresenting Sharing Your Writing
-
- Present Your Writing Using Computers Viewing and Representing Grammar Link
-
- Writing Process in Action Writing Process Project
-
- Write a brief profile of a courageous person
-
- Literature Model from The Clay Marble by Minfong Ho
-
- Linking Writing and Literature Learning to Learn Talk About Reading Write About Reading
-
- Unit 2 Review Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum
-
- TIME Facing the Blank Page
-
- Writing for TIME
- Prewriting
- Drafting
- Revising
- EditingProofreading
- PublishingPresenting
-
- Unit 3 Descriptive Writing
-
- Writing in the Real World from Song of the Gargoyle Fantasy by Zilpha Keatley Snyder
- Lesson 31 Writing to Show Not Tell
-
- Write a Description of an Object Listening and Speaking Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 32 Combining Observation and Imagination
-
- Write About an Imaginary Place Viewing and Representing Using Computers Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 33 Choosing Details to Create a Mood
-
- Write a Descriptive Paragraph Using Computers Listening and Speaking Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 34 Organizing Details in a Description
-
- Write a Painting Description Viewing and Representing Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 35 Describing a Person
-
- Write a Character Description Viewing and Representing Using Computers Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 36 Relating a Poem to Your Experience
-
- Write a Poem Listening and Speaking Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Writing Process in Action Descriptive Writing Project
-
- Write an article describing a place-real or imagined
-
- Literature Model from The Gathering by Virginia Hamilton
-
- Linking Writing and Literature Learning to Learn Talk About Reading Write About Reading
-
- Unit 3 Review Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum
-
- Unit 4 Narrative Writing
-
- Writing in the Real World from User Friendly Short Story by T Ernesto Bethancourt
- Lesson 41 Telling a Good Story
-
- Write a Childrens Story Listening and Speaking Viewing and Representing Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 42 Exploring Story Ideas
-
- Write a Narrative Message Listening and Speaking Using Computers Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 43 Using Time Order in a Story
-
- Write a Personal Narrative Viewing and Representing Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 44 Writing Dialogue to Develop Characters
-
- Write a Dialogue Listening and Speaking Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 45 Drafting a Story
-
- Write a Tall Tale Listening and Speaking Viewing and Representing Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 46 Evaluating a Story Opening
-
- Write a Story Opening Cross-Curricular Activity Listening and Speaking Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 47 Responding to a Story
-
- Write a Response Cross-Curricular Activity Using Computers Grammar Link
-
- Writing Process in Action Narrative Writing Project
-
- Write a story focusing on a special person
-
- Literature Model A Huge Black Umbrella by Majorie Agosin
-
- Linking Writing and Literature Learning to Learn Talk About Reading Write About Reading
-
- Unit 4 Review Reflecting on the Unit Adding to Your Portfolio Writing Across the Curriculum
-
- Unit 5 Expository Writing
-
- Writing in the Real World Wolf-eel Signs and Labels by Judy Rand
- Lesson 51 Giving Information and Explanations
-
- Write Procedures Listening and Speaking Cross-Curricular Activity Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 52 Organizing Informative Writing
-
- Write Directions Using Computers Viewing and Representing Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 53 Writing About Similarities and Differences
-
- Write a Comparison-Contrast Letter Cross-Curricular Activity Listening and Speaking Grammar Link
-
- Lesson 54 Explaining How Something Works
-
- Write an Explanation Listening and Speaking Using Computers Grammar Link