Unit10 Leadership Notes

8/2/2019 Unit10 Leadership Notes

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Leadership


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LEADERSHIP

The capacity to develop and shapeorganizational routines, or tomaintain commitment to existingroutines.


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Leadership is the

ability to influencethe behaviour of

others.


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Leadership

The ability to inspire confidence and support

among the people who are needed to

achieve organizational goals

May be considered a long-term relationship,

or partnership, between leaders and group

members.


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Leadership versus Management

Leadership deals with:

Change

Inspiration

Motivation Influence

Management deals

with:

Planning

Organizing Directing

Controlling


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Definition

Leadership is basically a personal quality whichmotivates individual to follower leaders.

Leader tries to influence individuals to behave in

a particular manner

Relationship between leader and individual arises out of common goal

Leadership is a situational.


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Leadership Theories

There have been various theories by

researchers, behavioral scientists. Some of the

important approaches towards leadership are:

Trait Approach

Behavioral Approach

Situational Approach

Eclectic Approach.


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Group and Exchange Theories of

Leadership

Fiedlers Contingency Model of Leadership

Effectiveness

Path-goal Leadership Theory

Charisma: A Relationship between the Leader

and the Group Manager.


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Managerial Grid

One of the most widely known approaches ofleadership styles is the managerial grid developedby Blake and Mouton.

The grid identifies four leadership styles based on

two factors found in the organization i.e. Task andPeople Orientation:

Country Club Orientation

Impoverished OrientationTeam Orientation

Task Orientation.


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The

Managerial

Grid


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Leadership Skills

Leadership skills and practices recognizes theimportance of skills and how the leader behaves

and perform effectively. The list of critical

leadership skills are:

Cultural Flexibility

Communication skill

HRD skills

Creativity

Self management of learning.


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Ten Important Skills of Leaders

1. Verbal communication (including listening)

2. Managing time and stress

3. Managing individual decisions

4. Recognizing, defining, and solving problems

5. Motivating and influencing others6. Delegating

7. Setting goals and articulating a vision

8. Self awareness

9. Team building

10. Managing Conflict.


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The Entrepreneurial Leadership Style

Entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs often use a leadership

style that

Strong achievement motive

High degree of enthusiasm and creativity

Tendency to act quickly when opportunity arises

Constant hurry

Visionary perspective

Dislike of hierarchy and bureaucracy

Preference for dealing with external customers.


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General Personality Traits of Effective

Leaders


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Task-Related Personality Traits of Leaders


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Leadership Motives

Leaders generally have a strong desire

to influence and control others

This desire is evident in four needs ormotives.


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Leadership Motives


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Cognitive Factors

Leaders must have problem-solving and

intellectual skills to effectively gather,

process, and store essential information

Five cognitive factors related to leadership

effectiveness have been identified.


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Cognitive Factors and Leadership


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Nature versus Nurture

Are leaders born or are they made? Both. Individuals inherit a basic capacity to develop

personality traits and mental ability that sets

an outer limit on how extensively these traitscan be developed.

Environmental influences, in turn, determine

how much of an individuals potential will be

developed.


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Trait Approach

Strengths

Serves as a guide to

leader selection

Can guide individuals inpreparing for

leadership

Limitations

Does not identify which

characteristics are

absolutely needed Does not specify how

much of a trait or

characteristic is needed

Can breed an elitistconception of

leadership.


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Charisma Defined

Charisma has been defined various ways

Charisma is a Greek word meaning divinely

inspired gift

In leadership, charisma is a special quality of

leaders whose purposes, powers, and

extraordinary determination differentiate

them from others.


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Charisma : A Relationship

Key to charismatic leadership is the

interaction between leader and group

members

Charismatic qualities must be attributed to

the leader by group members

Charismatic leaders use impression

management to cultivate their relationships

with group members


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Characteristics

Visionary

Masterful communication

skills

Ability to inspire trust

Able to make group

members feel capable

Energy and action

orientation

Emotionalexpressiveness andwarmth

Romanticize risk

Unconventionalstrategies

Self-promoting

personality Dramatic and unique.


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Vision in Charismatic

Leadership

Vision is the ability to imagine different and

better conditions and ways to achieve them

A vision is a lofty, long-term goal

Charismatic leaders inspire others with their

vision.


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Transformational Leadership

The transformational leader helps bring about

major, positive changes

Transformational leaders move group

members beyond their self-interests for the

good of the group, organization, or society


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How Transformations Take Place


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A Model of Power and Influence


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Creativity and Innovation

Creativity is the production of novel anduseful ideas

Innovation refers to the creation of newideas and their implementation

Organizational creativity is the creationof a valuable, useful new product,service, idea, procedure, or process byindividuals working together in acomplex social system.


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Steps in the Creative Process


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Characteristics of Creative Leaders


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Componential Theory of Individual

Creativity

Creativity takes place when three components

join together

Expertise: the necessary knowledge to put facts

together

Creative thinking: the ability to imaginatively solve

problems

Task motivation: persevering or sticking with aproblem to a conclusion


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Concepts of Creative Thinking

A creative person thinks outside the box

People who are not creative suffer fromhardening of the categories

To be creative, one must develop newparadigms

Creativity requires overcoming traditional

mental sets Creative people engage in lateral thinking in

addition to vertical thinking


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Vertical and Lateral Thinking

Source: From Becoming a Master Manager: A Competency Framework, by Robert E. Quinn, Sue R. Faerman, Michael P.

Thompson, and Michael R. McGrath, Copyright 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This material is used by permission of John

Wiley & Sons, Inc.


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Organizational Methods to Enhance

Creativity

Systematically collecting fresh ideas

Brainstorming

Using the pet-peeve technique

Using the forced-association technique

Equipping a kitchen for the mind

Engaging in playful physical activities


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Self-Help Techniques to Enhance

Creative Problem-Solving

Practicing creativity-enhancing exercises

Staying alert to opportunities

Using multiple senses when seeking solutions

Maintaining an enthusiastic attitude

Speaking to lead users

Maintaining and using an idea notebook

Playing the roles of explorer, artist, judge, andlawyer


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Leadership Practices for Enhancing

Creativity

Intellectual challenge

Freedom to choose the method

Ample supply of the right resources

Effective design of work groups

Supervisory encouragement

Organizational support


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Methods of Managing Creative

Workers

Give creative people tools and resources that

allow their work to stand out

Give creative people flexibility and a minimum

amount of structure

Employ creative people to manage and

evaluate creative workers


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Leadership Initiatives to Enhance

Innovation

Continually pursue innovation

Take risks and encourage risk-taking

Acquire innovative companies

Avoid innovation for its own sake


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Global Leadership Skills

Cultural sensitivity

Culturally adventurous

Good command of a second language.


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The Multicultural Organization


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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Corporates similar individuals are citizens of the society in

which they exists and hence there is a need for them to besocially responsible.

CSR is concerned with the relationship of enterprise withvarious stake holders

Involves establishment of dialogue between the enterpriseand stake holder

Need for upholding of values and ethics by the corporateleaders

Dilemma between Social Responsibility Vs. Business Realityneed to balance.

Unit10 Leadership Notes

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