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GRP(g/g/d)
ModelingBioenergeCcHabitatSuitabilityforInvasiveBigheadedCarpinLakeMichigan
PeterAlsip1,HongyanZhang1,2;MarkRowe,1,2,EdwardRutherford3,DoranMason3,CatherineRiseng1,ZhenmingSu4
1UniversityofMichigan,SchoolofEnvironmentandSustainability,AnnArbor,Michigan2UniversityofMichigan,Coopera@veIns@tuteforGreatLakesResearch,AnnArbor,Michigan3Na@onalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministra@on,GreatLakesEnvironmentalResearchLaboratory,AnnArbor,Michigan4MichiganDepartmentofNaturalResources,Ins@tuteforFisheriesResearch,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,Michigan
AffiliaCons1. Cooke,S.L.,Hill,W.R.,2010.Canfilter-feedingAsiancarpinvadetheLauren@anGreatLakes?A
[email protected],2138–2152.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02474.x2. Anderson,K.R.,Chapman,D.C.,Wynne,T.T.,Paukert,C.P.,2017.Assessmentofphytoplankton
resourcessuitableforbigheadedcarpsinLakeMichiganderivedfromremotesensingandbioenerge@cs.J.GreatLakesRes.43,90–99.doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2017.03.005
3. Rowe,M.D.,Anderson,E.J.,Vanderploeg,H.A.,Pothoven,S.A.,Elgin,A.K.,Wang,J.,Yousef,F.,2017.Influenceofinvasivequaggamussels,phosphorusloads,andclimateonspa@alandtemporalpaxernsofproduc@vityinLakeMichigan:Abiophysicalmodelingstudy.Limnol.Oceanogr.doi:10.1002/lno.10595
4. DeStasio,B.T.,Schrimpf,M.B.,Cornwell,B.H.,2014.Phytoplanktoncommuni@esinGreenBay,LakeMichiganaBerinvasionbydreissenidmussels:Increaseddominancebycyanobacteria.Diversity6,681–704.doi:10.3390/d6040681
5. Reed,E.M.,2017.Master’sThesis.NearshoreZooplanktonCommuni@esofLakeMichiganandImplica@onsforInvasibilitybyAsianCarp.UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign
References
• Simula@onofBHCfeedingonallpreytypesthruthewatercolumnproducedthegreatestvolumeofsuitablehabitat(Fig.5).
• FVCOM-GEMoveres@matedzooplanktonbiomassandunderes@matedchlaconcentra@onsinLowerGreenBay(Fig.6).
• SuitableBHChabitatpeakedinlatesummerandearlyfall(Figs.7,
8).
• SuitablehabitatinLakeMichiganismorelimitedforSilverCarpthanforBigheadCarp(Fig.7).
• Theextentandloca@onofsuitablehabitatvariesseasonally,butit
isconcentratedinafewnearshoreareas(Fig.8).
IntroducConDatasource:TheLakeMichiganFiniteVolumeCommunityOceanModel-GeneralEcosystemModule(FVCOM-GEM)isa3-dimensionalbiophysicalmodelwithanunstructuredgrid3.FVCOM-GEMprovidedtheprey(zooplankton,phytoplankton,detritus)andtemperatureinputsforourgrowthratepoten@al(GRP)modelaswellasaspa@algridtovisualizehabitatsuitability(Fig.2).ModelBias:FVCOM-GEM’saccuracywasnotassessedfornodeswithinGreenBay,sowecomparedreportedvaluesofpreybiomasstosimulatedvaluestohighlightapoten@albiassourceinourGRPmodel.GrowthRatePotenCalModel:Wedevelopedacoupledforaging-bioenerge@csmodelthatintegratedtemperatureandpreydatawithineach3DcelloftheFVCOMgridtoevaluatehabitatqualityasindexedbyfishgrowth(g/g/day)throughoutLakeMichigan(Fig.3).SuitablehabitatwasdefinedasanycellwithGRP>=0g/g/day.Feedingscenarios:• Ran6scenarios(Fig.4)toevaluatetheeffectsofsubsurfaceprey
anddietflexibilityontheextent(km3)ofsuitablehabitat.SeasonalAnalysis:• Es@matedvaria@onandextent(km3)ofsuitablegrowthhabitat
fromAprilthruNovember.
MethodsandMaterials
• AbroaddietandavailabilityofsubsurfacepreyincreasestheextentofsuitableBHChabitat,whichwasconcentratedinGreenBayandafewrivermouthsinSELakeMichigan.
• However,habitatinmostofLakeMichigancannotsupportBHC
growth—confirmingpreviousstudies1,2.
• ModelingsuitableBHChabitatcaninformmanagementbyiden@fyingareasatriskofBHCestablishmentandhelpingtopriori@zesurveillanceefforts.
• Furthercalibra@onofsimulatedwaterqualitydatainGreenBayisneededtoreduceuncertaintyinGRPes@mates.
ConclusionsandDiscussions
BigheadandSilverCarp(collec@velybigheadedcarp‘BHC’):• Highlyinvasiveplank@vorousfishesthathavebecomeprolific
intheMississippiRiverBasin• ThreatentoinvadeLakeMichiganandwreakhavoconthe
GreatLakesfoodweband$7billionrecrea@onalfishery
DoesLakeMichiganprovidesuitablehabitat?• Thelakewidereduc@oninplanktonfollowingtheDreissena
invasionhastransformedmostofLakeMichigan(Fig.2)intoa‘planktondesert’1.
• Priormodels1,2indicatehabitatislimitedtoafewnearshoreareasbutthesemodelsdidnotconsider:• Thefishes’flexiblediet,whichcanincludedetritus• Theavailabilityofsubsurfaceprey,suchasthedeep
chlorophylllayerthatformsduringsummerstra@fica@on
Webuiltoffpreviousresearchby:• IncorporaCngdetritusintoBHCmodeldietstoinves@gate
theimpactofaflexibledietonhabitatsuitability• EvaluaCngtheenCrevolumeofLakeMichiganhabitatusing
aGrowthRatePoten@alapproach(Fig.3)andsimulatedwaterqualitydatafroma3Dbiophysicalmodel(Fig.2).
Results
Figure3.Conceptualdiagramofgrowthratepoten@al(GRP)model.Afiltra@onrateequa@onisappliedtopreydensity(J/L)andtemperature(C°)inputstoes@[email protected]@ccosts(Respira@onandWasteLoss)aresubtractedfromconsump@ontodeterminefishgrowthratepoten@al.
Figure5.ExtentofsuitablehabitatforBigheadandSilvercarpunderallfeedingscenarios.S=Surface,WC=Watercolumn,PP=phytoplankton,ZP=
Zooplankton,Det=Detritus.
Figure8.SeasonalhabitatdynamicsforBigheadCarp.Figure4.Feedingscenarioswerecharacterizedbytwofactors:1)Watervolumeavailableforcarptofeedat/throughout(Surfaceorthewhole
watercolumn);2)Preyavailabletocarp.
Support
(Photo:AmyBenson,USGS)
(Photo:IllinoisDNR)
Figure1.BigheadCarpHypophthalmichthysnobilis(top)andSilverCarp(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix(boxom).
Figure2.FVCOM-GEM’sspa@aldomain(LakeMichigan,leB)andapor@onofitsunstructuredgrid(right).Thegridcontains5795nodeseachwith20ver@calterrain-followingsigmalayers3.
051015202530354045
S,PP S,PP+ZP S,PP+ZP+Det
WC,PP WC,PP+ZP
WC,PP+ZP+Det
VolumeofSuitableHa
bitat
(km3)
FeedingScenarios
ExtentofSuitableHabitatforDifferentFeedingScenarios
Bighead
Silver
Figure6.SimulatedpreybiomassinlowerGreenBayfromFVCOM-
GEMcomparedtoreportedvalues4,5.
0
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10
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40
45
VolumeofSuitableHa
bitat(km
3 )
ExtentofSuitableHabitat(April-November)
Bighead
Silver
Figure7.Seasonalfluctua@oninmodeledsuitablehabitatforBHC
growthinLakeMichigan.
0
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50
60
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90
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
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MeanCh
loroph
yllaCon
centraCo
n(ug/L)
MeanWetZoo
plan
kton
Biomass(g/L)
Simulatedvs.ReportedPreyDensiCesinLowerGreenBay
SimulatedZooplankton ReportedZooplankton
SimulatedChlorophyll ReportedChlorophyll
April June August October