Research Poster Template 44x44€¦ · This poster template is 44” high by 44” wide. It can be...
Transcript of Research Poster Template 44x44€¦ · This poster template is 44” high by 44” wide. It can be...
Poster Print Size: This poster template is 44” high by 44” wide. It can be used to print any poster with a 1:1 aspect ratio.
Placeholders: The various elements included in this poster are ones we often see in medical, research, and scientific posters. Feel free to edit, move, add, and delete items, or change the layout to suit your needs. Always check with your conference organizer for specific requirements.
Image Quality: You can place digital photos or logo art in your poster file by selecting the Insert, Picture command, or by using standard copy & paste. For best results, all graphic elements should be at least 150-200 pixels per inch in their final printed size. For instance, a 1600 x 1200 pixel photo will usually look fine up to 8“-10” wide on your printed poster.
To preview the print quality of images, select a magnification of 100% when previewing your poster. This will give you a good idea of what it will look like in print. If you are laying out a large poster and using half-scale dimensions, be sure to preview your graphics at 200% to see them at their final printed size.
Please note that graphics from websites (such as the logo on your hospital's or university's home page) will only be 72dpi and not suitable for printing.
[This sidebar area does not print.]
Change Color Theme: This template is designed to use the built-in color themes in the newer versions of PowerPoint.
To change the color theme, select the Design tab, then select the Colors drop-down list.
The default color theme for this template is “Office”, so you can always return to that after trying some of the alternatives.
Printing Your Poster: Once your poster file is ready, visit www.genigraphics.com to order a high-quality, affordable poster print. Every order receives a free design review and we can delivery as fast as next business day within the US and Canada.
Genigraphics® has been producing output from PowerPoint® longer than anyone in the industry; dating back to when we helped Microsoft® design the PowerPoint® software.
US and Canada: 1-800-790-4001
Email: [email protected]
[This sidebar area does not print.]
Figure 4. Our new extraction instrument has been installed and tested in an online
configuration with diode array and mass spectrometer detectors. We are currently
optimizing the pre-concentrator and extract transfer portion of the instrument. We
plan to add the chromatography column for SFC analysis in 2018.
Current on-line detectors installed in our system include a commercial diode array detector (190-900 nm, deuterium and tungsten) and mass spectrometer (ESI and APCI Sources, 10-2000 m/z). These detectors can be swapped for future state-of-the-art mass spectrometers or other instrumentation. A matured and miniaturized flight version of this instrument with ten sample cells would measure approximately 24”x28”x24”, weigh ~38 kg, and draw a maximum of 70 W of power (set by the mass spectrometer). While our COLDTech effort focuses instead on demonstrating potential science return for aqueous analysis and chromatography, the overall mass, size, and power requirements for miniaturization of this instrument in the future should be comparable.
Planetary science life-detection instrumentation has thus far depended on high-temperature extraction and detection methods that degrade organics and complicate the analysis. In some cases, these issues have led to confusing or ambiguous results. For example, the elevated temperatures required by pyrolysis techniques have been shown to cause reactions of organics with perchlorate salts in the Mars regolith to produce chlorohydrocarbons (detected by in situ instruments on Mars). Over the past decade, our team has worked to develop a low temperature method for extraction of polar and nonpolar organics that uses supercritical carbon dioxide as a ‘green’ solvent [McCaig et al. 2016, Menlyadiev et al. 2017). It was originally designed with Mars applications in mind, and we have successfully used it to extract fatty acids and amino acids from Mars regolith analogs without degradation of organics. Extraction with supercritical CO2 could sidestep some of the major analytic challenges from conventional techniques such as pyrolysis and conventional liquid extractions. The goals of this project are the following: Year 1: Integrate supercritical CO2 chromatography column and detector back-end (commercially available) with our front-end extractor, and demonstrate on-line detection following extraction with water+SCCO2. (completed) Year 2: Demonstrate extraction (and chiral separation) of chiral species from salty/icy/rocky materials to expand the range of acceptable sample types.
© 2017 California Institute of Technology.
Government sponsorship acknowledged.
Bryana L. Henderson, Fang Zhong, Victor Abrahamsson, Isik Kanik, Ying Lin, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
Life Detection for Ocean Worlds through Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
BACKGROUND ABSTRACT With future in situ missions to Ocean
Worlds now within reach, robust
instrumentation technologies are needed
for extraction and analysis of biomarkers
and chiral species (one of the key indicators
of extant life) from complex or unknown
matrix materials.
Supercritical CO2, a stable inorganic fluid
with ideal extraction properties, can be
easily combined with chromatography to
extract and separate a wide variety of
organics, including chiral species, from
complex sample materials without
derivatization.
We are currently developing a Supercritical
CO2 Extraction Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography (SCE-SFC) online benchtop
instrument in a proof-of-concept study
(entry TRL = 2; exit TRL = 4) for extraction
of relevant chiral biomarkers from aqueous
or mixed samples with minimal sample
preparation and minimal organic solvent
waste.
Lemmon, E., M. McLinden and M. Huber (2002). "Fluid thermodynamic and
transport properties." NIST Standard Reference Database 23, Version 7.0,
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
McCaig, H. C., A. Stockton, C. Crilly, S. Chung, I. Kanik, Y. Lin and F. Zhong
(2016). "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Coronene in the Presence
of Perchlorate for In Situ Chemical Analysis of Martian Regolith." Astrobiology.
Menlyadiev, M., B. L. Henderson, F. Zhong, Y. Lin and I. Kanik (2017). "Extraction
of Amino Acids using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for in Situ Chemical
Analysis for Astrobiological Applications." Accepted, International Journal of
Astrobiology.
White, C. (2005). "Integration of supercritical fluid chromatography into drug
discovery as a routine support tool: Part I. Fast chiral screening and
purification." Journal of Chromatography A 1074(1): 163-173.
Figure 1. Our SCE-SFC instrument will extract organics from complex matrix materials regardless of their composition
(mixed ice + regolith, salty aqueous ocean mixtures, sludge, sand, rock, etc.) This expanded field of allowable sample
types reduces risk in cases where the surface composition is unknown.
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CONTACT Bryana L. Henderson Jet Propulsion Lab,
California Institute of Technology Email: [email protected]
This research was enabled through funding from
NASA’s Concepts for Ocean Worlds Life Detection
Technology (COLDTech) Program and prior funding
from NASA’s Astrobiology Science and Technology
Instrument Development (ASTID) Program. This
research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
under a contract with the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
Photo credit | Galileo Project, JPL, NASA, Ted Stryk Photo credit | ESA
MARS
ICE, ROCK, REGOLITH, EVAPORITES…
EUROPA
ICE, SALT, REGOLITH?
SFC is taking over as the industry standard in the pharmeceutical, food, and petroleum industries. SFC is considered to be the best chiral separation technique available.
Other advantages of this SFC technique:
(1) It can be used to analyze both nonpolar and polar species,
(2) Many types of columns are available for purchase commercially,
(3) It allows for analysis of nonvolatiles without sample derivitization (as in GC-MS), and
(4) It has the same benefits of HPLC but does not require large volumes of solvent and mass and power because each sample takes significantly less time to analyze and has higher efficiency (see Figure 3). It has been used to increase analysis speed by up to 15x [White 2005].
SCE uses pressurized warm carbon dioxide (>1070 psi and >31 C; see Figure 2) as a solvent to extract from a matrix. SFE has the following advantages:
(1) No harsh organic solvents are needed (no special hydrocarbon or chlorinated waste considerations)
(2) CO2 gas is inert and can be vented directly to air,
(3) No sample preparation is needed, and
(4) No high temperatures are needed.
ADVANTAGES OF SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION (SCE)
Figure 2. CO2 phase
diagram [NIST Standard
Reference Database 23,
Version 9.1]. Compared to
regular organic solvents,
supercritical CO2 has one
order of magnitude higher
diffusivity, one order of
magnitude lower viscosity,
and near zero surface
tension.
Combined with the extraction advantages of supercritical CO2, the SCE-SFC combination proposed
here is ideal for in situ detection of organics and biomarkers on Ocean Worlds.
Figure 3. Chiral separation of trans-stilbene oxide using HPLC (top) and
SFC (bottom), both using the same chiral column for separation (Image
from JASCO). Because of the superior transfer properties of supercritical
CO2, supercritical fluid chromatography can separate chiral enantiomers in
much less time and with better resolution than HPLC.
SCE-SFE INTEGRATED INSTRUMENT ADVANTAGES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (SFC)