1. The Importance of Traffic Planning

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ASSALAMUALAIKUM

WARAHMATULLAHI WABARAKATUH

&

GOOD MORNING

RESPECTED LADIES AND GENTLEMENTS


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THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAFFIC PLANNING

IN TOWN PLANNING

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR. HASSIM MAT

BY

Pusat Pengajian Perumahan, Bangunan & Perancangan,

UNVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA

PULAU PINANG

[email protected]/ [email protected]

04-6532844
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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INTRODUCTION

Statistic 200711,836,136 licensed drivers in Malaysia

27,127,000 total population in Malaysia

7,458,128 motorcycles6,941,996 cars

142,038 public transports

836,579 commercial vehicles

411,991 other vehicles

16,812,440 total registered vehicles


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INTRODUCTION

Year 2005 2006 2007

Private

Vehicles13,481,312 14,400,124 15,363,007

Population 26,130,000 26,640,000 27,170,000

Ratio Vehicles/

Population0.52 0.54 0.56

Vehicles every

100 People52 54 56


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ISUES PROBLEMS

1. Traffic congestionTraffic volume is more than road capacity

Inefficient traffic management

2. Delay

Long travelling time

Wasting billions of ringgit in delays


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3. Environmental pollutionAir polluted by poisonous gas

Noisy

Increase in air temperatureSmelly air

Wastage of natural sources

ISUES PROBLEMS


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4. Public TransportInconvenience

Not comfortable

Expensive fareNot following the schedule

Limited facilities

Insufficient terminal/station facilities

ISUES PROBLEMS


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5. Parking FacilitiesInsufficient

Blocking / interrupting smooth traffic flow

Far from destinationExpensive parking charges

ISUES PROBLEMS


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6. PedestrianExposed to accident

Limited/no facilities

Have facilities but not comprehensiveInconvenience design

ISUES PROBLEMS


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7. Road AccidentFactors causing road accidents

Human being 67%

Vehicles 9%Environment 24%

10thhighest in the world (2002)

549,917 cases with 6,282 fatalities, (2007)

376,061 cars involved

an average of 17.2 death per day

ISUES PROBLEMS


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Fatalities Road in Some Countries

140.00

48.00

32.50

15.20 9.10 8.40 5.44 5.30 5.17 5.07 4.30 2.81 1.90 1.81 1.80 1.80 1.44

185.00190.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

180.00

200.00

Eutop

hia

African

Republic

India

China

Pakis

tan

Turki

Indonesia

Thailand

Switz

erlan

d

Belgi

um

Malay

sia Italy

Singapore

Japan

USA

Finlan

d

GreatB

ritain

Germany

New

Zealan

d

Fatalities/1

0,0

00Vehs


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Road Functions

Communication relationship

Connecting Public to Private Space for Utilities Facilities

Public relation areas


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CATEGORIES

1. Toll Highways (PLUS)

2. Federal Route

3. State Road4. Municipal or City Road

5. Rural or Country Road


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14TOLL HIGHWAYS NETWORK BETWEEN CITIES IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Total length 847.7 km


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ROAD HIERARCHY

1. Highways or Motorways

2. Main Collector Road

3. Local Collector Road4. Access Road

5. Residential Road

6. Cul-De-Sac

7. Back Lane


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Width of Road

Reserve (Feet)

Width of Each

LANE (Feet)

Number of

LANES

Road Types

100 & 13210 - 124 LANES two

ways

Highways

66 & 10010 - 122 LANES two

ways

Major

Collector

50 & 6610 - 122 LANES two

ways

Minor

Collector

40 & 50 .10 - 122 LANES two

ways

Access Road

ROAD HIERARCHY


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Width of roadReserve (Feet)

Width of eachLANE (Feet)

Number ofLANES

Road Types

4010 - 122 LANES two

ways

Residential

Road

40 & 308 - 122 LANES twoways

Cul-De-Sac

6 to 206 - 201 LANEBack LANE

Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa, Untermann

R.K. dan Ibrahim Wahab

ROAD HIERARCHY


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R5

R6

R4

R3

R2

R1

R6 Lebuh Raya

R5 Jalan Pengumpul Utama

R4 Jalan Pengumpul Tempatan

R3 Jalan Masuk

R2 Jalan Kediaman

R1 Kul-De-Sac

PETUNJUK

Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa dan Untermann R.K. m.s.

201 (ubahsuai)

ROAD HIERARCHY


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Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa

ROAD HIERARCHY

or 9 m


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ROAD HIERARCHY

or 12 m


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ROAD HIERARCHY


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R4

ROAD HIERARCHY

or 15 m


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R5

ROAD HIERARCHY

or 18 m


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ROAD HIERARCHYor 35.4 m


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Road Design

Road Classification or Hierarchy

Table: Lane Requirement Minimum (feet)

Types 1 Lane 2 Lanes

Pedestrian 2 4Bicycle 3 8

Motorcycle 4 10

Car 6 16

Lorry 8 24



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PADESTRIAN LANE BICYCLE LANE

Road Design

4 8


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MOTORCYCLE LANE CAR LANE

Road Design

16


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LORRY LANE

Road Design


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Topographic Condition

Figure: Gradient in Road Design (1:10)

1

10

Road Design


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Road Design


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Road Design


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Road Design


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Junctions Design Table: Distance Between Junctions

Road Types Distance Between Junctions (J)

Major Collector 500 feet

Minor Collector 400 feet

Access Road 300 feet

Residential Road 200 feet

Cul-De-Sac 150 feet

Short Cul-De-Sac 150 feet


Road Design


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Distance Between Junctions


J J

J

J

Jarak Road Design


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Traffic Survey

The purpose of conducting trafficvolume survey:

To predict and forecast

Design for improvement

Road accident study

Traffic study at junction

Traffic management


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Traffic Volume Contents

According to Class

1. Two wheels; Motorcycle

2. Three/Four wheelstwo gander ;

Motorcar and motor rickshaw

3. Six wheels, two gander; Lorry and big

van

4. Three /more gander; Oil tanker, lorry

cargo and logger lorry5. Taxi and hired car

6. Bus (Public transport)


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Traffic Volume Contents


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TRAFFIC VOLUME SURVEY

DEFINITION :

NUMBER OF VEHICLES PASSING

THROUGH A POINT ON THE ROAD FOR A

GIVEN TIME.

In vehicles per hour or vehicles per day


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LOCATION SELECTION

1. ROAD SIDE (STRAIGHT ROAD)

2. JUNCTIONS

3. X JUNCTION (4 JUNCTIONS)4. T JUNCTION (3 JUNCTION)

5. ROUND ABOUT


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TIME FRAME

BASED ON THE OBJECTIVE OF

THE STUDY:

1. 1 HOUR

2. 12 HOURS (7.0019.00 )3. 16 HOURS (6.0022.00)

4. 18 HOURS(6.0024.00)

5. 24 HOURS (7.007.00)6. 1 WEEK

7. 1 YEAR


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SURVEY METHODS

1. MANKIND (PEOPLE)

2. MECHANICAL ; PNEUMATIC TUBE,

3. ELECTROMAGNETIC PRINCIPLESPECTION CABLE

4. MICROELECTRONICH - STAR

5. VIDEO CAMERA OR CCTV

SURVEY METHODS


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SURVEY METHODS

TRAFFIC COUNTER

SURVEY METHODS


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SURVEY METHODS

Traffic Volume Survey Form

SURVEY METHODS


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SURVEY METHODS

MECHANICAL PNEUMATIC TUBE

SURVEY METHODS


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SURVEY METHODS

ELECTROMAGNETICSPECTION CABEL


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TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

The objective of traffic management is tosolve or reduce traffic problems whichare occurring especially in the city center.The process of controlling the traffic flowon the road network at the specific areatoward obtaining an efficient, safe and

smooth flow.


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TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Traffic Management Techniques

Road signage

Traffic lights

Round about

Multi level (grade separated) junctions

Traffic streaming

Acceleration and deceleration lane

One way street

Public transport infrastructure

Etc.


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Determining Intersection Types

Intersection Types Total number of vehicles on two

ways traffic at the main road and

the highest traffic volume on the

minor road (vehicles per hour)

Priority Junction 0 - 1500

Mini Round About 0900

Small Round About 9002000

Normal Round About 20005000

Signalized Intersection 7005500

Grade Separated

Junction

> 4000

Source: Meor Othman Hamzah (1992)


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CAR PARK TYPES

Road side

Off road or open space

Multi storey parking Roof top

Basement

On the ramp Mechanical floor


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CAR PARK TYPES

Road side


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CAR PARK TYPES

Off road/open space


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CAR PARK TYPES

Multi storey building


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CAR PARK TYPES

On mechanical floor


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CAR PARK TYPES

On mechanical floor


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PARKING LOT ARRANGEMENT

Right angle (90o) parallel to the road

Right angle (90o) to the road

45

o

to the road30

o to the road

60o to the road


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16

20

90 degrees to the road


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16 8

16


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12

816


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16

16


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Arrangement for an area of 88 sq. feet with lot size 8 feet X 16 feet


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Arrangement for an area of 88 sq. feet with lot size 8 feet X 16 feet


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PARKING MANAGEMENT

Attendant

Coupon

Meter Pay and Display

Pay and Park

Ticket and pay at machine


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PARKING MANAGEMENT

Attendant


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PARKING MANAGEMENT

Meter


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PARKING MANAGEMENT

Meter


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PARKING MANAGEMENT

Pay and Display


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PARKING MANAGEMENT

Coupon


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PARKING STANDARDS GUIDELINES

Parking standards and guidelines weredesigned to assist the town planners in

obtaining the proper design and allocation

of parking lots.

As an example, parking allocation foreach types of development prepared

Town and Country Planning Department

(JPBD) (2000),


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based on population size > 1 million

Types

Detached

Semi Detached

Terrace

Terrace Low Cost

Town House

Parking Lot Requirement

2.5 L/unit

2.5 L/unit

1 L/unit

1 L/unit

2 L/ 1 centralized within 50 meters

Residential;


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Types

CondominiumMedium Cost

Low Cost


2.5L/1unit +10% visitors + 10% mcle2L/1unit + 10% visitors + 20% mcle

1 L/ 1 unit + 10% visitors + 1Lmcle/ 2unit flat

Residential (Flat);


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TypesOrdinary commercialbuilding

Shop houses

Shops + Office

Hypermarket

Mini Market

Parking Lot Requirement1 L/100 m2 floor area

1 L/100 m2 floor area + 1 L motorcycle /100

m2floor area

1 L/ 75 m2floor area + 1 L motorcycle/100m2floor area

1 L/ 15 m2floor area + 20% L motorcycle

Taxi waiting bay minimum 10 lots

1 L/ 25 m2floor area + 1 L motorcycle/50m2floor area100 m2 for 2 service vehicles

Commercial;


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Types45 stars

3 stars

Motel

Service Apartment

Parking Lot Requirement1 L/3 rooms + 75% related to hotel operation

Bus and taxi bays

1 L/4 rooms + 75% related to hotel operationBus and taxi bays

1 L/2 rooms + 1 L / 30 m2dining hall

1.5 L/ 1 unit + 20% for visitors

+ 20% motorcycles+ 1 L for excursion bus/40 units

Hotel;


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TypesPublic RecreationalGarden or Park

Swimming pool

Stadium and ClubHouse

Tennis & Squash Court

Ice Skating Ring

Parking Lot Requirement1 L/1500 feet square < 1 acre1 L/5000 feet square - 1 to 5 acre

1 L/250 feet square swimming pool +restaurant

1 L/8 seats + 1L/250 feet squarerestaurant

2 L/court

1 L/1000 feet square +1 L/8 seats

Recreational;


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Types

Mosque

Church

Crematorium


1 L/250 feet square prayer halls

1 L/20 fixed seats

1L/250 feet square

Religious;


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TypesKinder Garden

Primary School

Secondary School

Institute of HigherLearning

Parking Lot Requirement1 L/3 Staff + 1L/10 student

1 L/2 staff and teacher + 1L/20 student

1 L/2 staff and teacher + 1L/20student+1L Motorcycle /10 student

1 L/2 staff and teacher + 1L/20 student+1L Motorcycle /5 student +10% overall

for visitors

Educational;


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TypesPublic Hospital

Private Hospital

Welfare House

Library

Parking Lot Requirement1 L/5 bed + 1 L/3 administration staff+ 1 L/1 professional staff

1 L/3 bed + 1 L/3 administration staff+ 1 L/1 professional staff

1 L/3 administration staff

1 L/1000 feet square

1 L/2 staff or teacher

Institusional;

REFERENCES


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REFERENCES

Ibrahim Wahab, (1985) Perancangan Lalu Lintas, USM

Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Ibrahim Wahab, (1990) Teknik Sistem Lalu Lintas Dan

Pengangkutan, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.

Ibrahim Wahab, (1991) Pengangkutan Bandar Di Malaysia,

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.

Danial Mohamed, (1993) Pengenalan Tinjauan dan AnalisisLalu LintasDewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.

Meor Othman Hamzah, (1992) Reka Bentuk Jalan Raya

Untuk Jurutera.Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.

G.R. Wells, (1970) The Introduction to Traffic Engineering,

Charles Griffin and Company, London.

Jabatan Perancang Bandar & Desa, 2000, Garispanduan &

Piawaian Perancangan Tempat Letak Kereta, Kementerian

Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan.


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WASSALAMUALAIKUM

WARAHMATULLAHI WABARAKATUH

&

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

GOOD LUCK

1. The Importance of Traffic Planning

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