1 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä Software Engineering and Knowledge Creation...
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Transcript of 1 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä Software Engineering and Knowledge Creation...
1 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Software Engineering and Knowledge Creation in Nokia
11th NORD I&DMay 30 - June 1, 2001. Reykjavik, Iceland
Kari KänsäläSenior R&D Manager
Nokia Research Center (NRC)
2 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Content
• Nokia• Corporation• worldwide software (SW) R&D
• Communities of Practice (CoPs)• generally within and between companies• in Nokia
• Knowledge Creation • modes (by I. Nonaka & H. Takeuchi: The Knowledge-Creating
Company, 1995)• organizational levels in Nokia
• SW engineering knowledge creation in Nokia• mode by mode vs. organizational levels• using activities supported by NRC as examples
• Summary & conclusions
3 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
• World's largest manufacturer of mobile phones
• A leading end-to-end infrastructure supplier
• Three Business Groups• Nokia Mobile Phones• Nokia Networks • Nokia Ventures Organization
• More than 60 000 employees
• Net sales EUR 30.4 billion 2000• ~All products and solutions are SW
intensive For further details refer to www.nokia.com
4 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Sales offices
R&D (most with SW R&D)
Production, incl. joint ventures
Nokia Software (SW) R&D Worldwide
Number of SW developers (SW for Nokia's products) has grown
• from 1000 in 1990 to10000+ currently
• 60+% of all R&D, and 15+% of Nokia’s employees
5 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Communities of practice (CoP)
novices
experts"o ld-tim ers"
The zone of legitimateperipheral participation
Community of Practice:
• shared knowledge• same well-known experts *• shared 'tools'• shared practices• shared identity
* An expert is a person who defines what counts as knowledge
6 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
External and internal communities
novices
experts"o ld-
tim ers"
novices
experts"o ld-
tim ers"
community z
com pany x com pany y
a) a w idely distributed community
b) an internalized community
Source: I. Tuomi,1998
7 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Nokia Corporation in theory
Team A
Team B
Business Processes
Business Group/
Business Units
8 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Nokia in practice
Team A
Team B
Business ProcessesProcess Team
Interest group
Interest group
Inte
res
t gro
up
Community of Practice
Community of Practice
Community of Practice
Community of Interest
Community of Practice
Source: P. Kasper, 2000
9 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Knowledge Creation ModesTacit (subjective) to Explicit (objective)
Tacit Knowledge KnowledgeKnowledge
Shared * ConceptualKnowledge Knowledge
fromOperational SystemicKnowledge Knowledge
ExplicitKnowledge
Source: Nonaka & Takeuchi,1995* initially: Sympathized
10 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
SW Engineering Knowledge Creation in Nokia from the NRC
viewpoint*
Business Units (BUs) Knowledge tailoring (and usage)
NRC* Knowledge R&D and transfer
Nokia Knowledge platforms and services
*There are similar SW engineering knowledge enhancement & transfer parties in Business Units as well
Nokia's SW Engineering CoPs &
Knowledge
11 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Shared SW Engineering Knowledge in Nokia
Knowledge sharing in/by BUs***
NSEF**
SGP*
* Sharing Good Practices (SGP)
• covers all Business Processes• seven explicit SGP steps• SGP sharing base on Intranet
** Nokia SW Engineering Forum - next slide
*** Knowledge sharing in/by Business Units
• role-based networks (quality, testing,...)• benchmarking with other companies
Conceptualknowledge
Systemicknowledge
Operationalknowledge
12 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
NSEF
• since 1993; initially as separateseminars or Forums
• 36 separate events in 2000
• currently xxxx names in the mailing list
13 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Conceptual SW Engineering Knowledge
in NokiaKnowledge sharing in BUs
NSEFSGP
* Nokia Information Services (IS)• electronic sources (market reports,
news , technology information)• local library & info services (document
delivery, IR, periodicals, purchases)
** NRC research & cooperation - next slide
*** Conceptual work by Business Units• piloting in R&D projects• commenting in standardization
Conceptual work by BUs***
NRC research & cooperation**Nokia IS*Systemicknowledge
Operationalknowledge
14 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
SW Engineering Research & Cooperation
by NRC• Participation in international standardization, concerning e.g.
• ISO standards• ISO15504 (a.k.a. SPICE) since 1993
• CMM de-facto standards• CMMI (Stakeholder Team) since 1998
• Participation in European research projects, e.g.• ITEA/ESAPS (Engineering SW Architectures, Processes and Platforms for
System Families) • since 1999, to be followed by a deployment project• a result: extension of SPICE process model to cover SW product line
processes
• SW engineering benchmarking with other large corporations• SW Experience Center
• with ABB, Boeing, DaimlerChrysler, and Motorola,• facilitated by Fraunhofer IESE (Germany) and Fraunhofer Center-Maryland
(USA)
• Cooperation with SW engineering process, method & tool vendors
15 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Systemic SW Engineering Knowledge
in NokiaKnowledge sharing in BUs
NSEFSGP
* Nokia Product Creation (PC) Process Solutions• corporate-wide PC process
platforms,• incl. cross-Business Group processes
** SW Process Framework by NRC - next slide
*** Business Groups' PC Process Solutions • based on common platforms, but may• vary according to the product portfolio
Conceptual work by BUs
NRC research & cooperationNokia ISNokia PCP Solutions*
SPF by NRC**Business Groups' PCP
Solutions***
Operationalknowledge
16 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
NRC's SW Process Framework (SPF)
ExistingSW/system
PRMs
Good practices in Nokia BUs
& outside Nokia
SW ProcessReference Model
(SPRM) v2.0
SW ProcessRef. Glossary
(SPRG)
• SPICE v2.0• proc. categories• (sub)processes• base practices
• Links to CMM
• Web links
• References toSW/systems process std's
• CMM v1.1• levels• KPAs• key practices
• SPRM vs.• CMM v1.1• ISO 9000-3• ISO12207• IEEE 1074• J-STD-016
• SE-CMM• IEEE 1220• EIA-IS-632
• SW relatedBusiness Processes
• SW related Product Creation Processes
• SW developmentprocesses
• Glossaries
• SW Process Framework (SPF) released in 1996
• based on SW process model ISO/SPICE v2.0 (October 1996)
• to be replaced by SW Product Line Process Framework (SPLPF) in 2001based on ESAPS results
• SW engineeringknowledge base to be used by Business Units
17 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Operational SW Engineering Knowledge
by NRC SupportKnowledge sharing in BUs
NSEF
SGP
* Nokia Product Creation Process• a Nokia Business Process: others
are• Delivery Process• Business Support Process
** Business Unit's SW Engineering Process
- next slide
*** SW Projects' Processes in Business Units
• actual SW processes in SW projects
Conceptual work by BUs
NRC research & cooperationNokia ISNokia PC
Process*BU SWEP with
NRC**SPPs in BUs***
Nokia PCP SolutionsSPF by NRC
Business Groups' PCP Solutions
Rationale for SW engineeringknowledge creation
18 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
SW Engineering Process (SWEP) in Business Units with NRC
• NMP SWEP was initially released in 1996 based on SPICE v2.0; latest release is #18
• NMP SWEP includes hundreds of process assets, e.g. 228 processes or procedures,101 work products, and 42 roles
• there are similar SWEPs also in other Business Groups
19 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
SW Engineering Knowledge Creation Cycle
Conceptual work by BUs
Std's<->NRC (1993…2000…)Nokia ISNokia PCP Solutions
SPF&SPLPF/NRC (1995…2001…)
Business Groups' PCP Solutions
Nokia PC ProcessBU SWEPs (1996…2001…)
SPPs in BUs
Knowledge sharing in BUs
NSEF (1995…2000...)
SGP
• Example (1st paradigm cycle finished, 2nd cycle beginning): • SW process knowledge sharing -> SW process reference models
SW process manual of BUs <- SW process framework <-
20 © NOKIA NordIoD01s.PPT/ 2001-05-31 / Kari Känsälä
Summary & Conclusions
• Knowledge creation is one of the most challenging activities in a large corporation
• SW engineering knowledge creation is especially important, because ~all products are SW intensive
• All knowledge creation modes (shared, conceptual, systemic, operational) must be supported or at least facilitated at all organizational levels
• It takes years to conclude the full knowledge creation cycle, including the shift of the corresponding paradigm
• Real SW development in real SW projects is the only essential part of the cycle: if it does not happen, then everything else is in vain!
Thank you! Any questions?