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Transcript of 1 National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Canine Search Specialist Training Canine Search...
1
National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Canine Search Specialist Training
Unit 5:
Scent Theory
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Unit Objective
Upon completion of this unit, you will be able to explain the theory of scent as it relates to the canine search for live victims in a collapsed structure
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Enabling Objectives
Explain the rationale for understanding scent movement
Describe the factors that may affect scent
Describe how scent is transported away from the victim
Plan the search of a collapsed structure to efficiently work canines into scent
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Rationale
Dogs “see” the world through their noseScent is 3-dimensional to themOur job is to put them where they can
best detect scent
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
The Canine Olfactory System
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Canine Olfactory System
Olfactory sensory cell estimates
Human = 5 million
Canine = 220 million
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training CONTRIBUTORS TO HUMAN SCENT COMPLEX
Human Scent SebaceousSebaceous
Sebum, Squalene
Respiratory TractGI Tract
Volatile Fatty AcidsAmines
BacterialAction
K, Cl, Urea, CaMg, PO4, HOH
MEOHH2SO4
Volatile Fatty Acids
ApocrineApocrine
EccrineEccrine
Other factors: Genetic, Diet, Environment
Adipose
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
What is scent to a canine?
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
The Raft Theory
Dying/dead, bacteria laden skin cells—called rafts
Rafts are shed fromSkin Respiratory and digestive tracks
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Skin raft loss
Approximately
40,000 per minute!
“If one gram of butyric acid was made to evaporate evenly in all the rooms of a ten story office building, a man would barely be able to perceive its existence by standing in one of the rooms. However, if the same gram of butyric acid was diluted to fill the air above the entire city of Hamburg, the dog could still perceive it at an altitude of 300 feet.”
William SyrotuckScent and the Scenting Dog, pg. 13
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
How is scent dispersed?
The scent is heaviest at the source and dispersed away from the victim in a cone
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Influences on Scent Dispersal
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Environmental Influences
Temperature Wind strength and
direction Humidity Sun
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Temperature
HotColdThe temperature of victim versus the
temperature of the environment
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Wind
StrengthDirection
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Humidity
HighLowRain
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Sun
ClearOvercast Night
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Structural Influences
Building architectureElevator shaftsClosed stairwellsWindowsBreached floors/walls
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Structural Influences (continued)
Scent flows well inBroken rubbleLight framingBrick
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Scent Flow and Detection
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Scent Flow and Detection
The disaster search canine is trained to indicate the presence of a live victim by performing a focused bark alert at the point in the rubble where the strongest live human scent is emitted Bark!
Bark!
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
DETECTION versus LOCATION
Dogs are SCENT detectors NOT victim locators!
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Scent Source Detection
Be able to interpret your dog’s alertDocumentDebrief
Handler to STMHandler to Handler
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Typical Collapse Patterns
Lean-To“V”PancakeCantilever
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Use your scent knowledge
Identify scenting conditionsSurveyor’s tape, puff bottles/talc mirror
scent pattern
Interpret pattern of alertsSend canine from position which
maximizes probability of detection
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Considerations
Hazardous materialsLive versus deadNumber of victims foundDistractions
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Scent Theory/Air Movement Demonstration
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Unit Summary and Evaluation
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National Urban Search & Rescue Response System
Canine Search Specialist Training
Unit Summary
Explain the rationale for understanding scent movement
Describe the factors that may affect scent
Describe how scent is transported away from the victim
Plan the search of a collapsed structure to efficiently work canines into scent