1 Motor Vehicle Emission Control in Japan Better Air Quality Workshop 2002 ( 16th Dec 2002 )...
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Transcript of 1 Motor Vehicle Emission Control in Japan Better Air Quality Workshop 2002 ( 16th Dec 2002 )...
1
Motor Vehicle Emission Control in Japan
Better Air Quality Workshop 2002( 16th Dec 2002 )
Environmental Management Bureau,
Ministry of the Environment
Kotaro Kawamata
2
Presentation Overview
1. Air Quality Status
2. Framework of Emission Control
3. Current & Future Emission Standards
4. For Effective Emission Control (Test Cycle & OBD)
5. Future Task
Attainment rate of Air Quality Standards(Road side)
1997 1998 1999 2000 20010
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Numb
er o
f St
atio
ns
Number of Attai nedStat i ons
253 267 310 316 317
Total Number ofMoni tori ng Stat i ons
385 392 394 395 399
Attai nment rate(%) 65. 7 68. 1 78. 7 80. 0 79. 4
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
( NO
2 )
1997 1998 1999 2000 20010
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Number of Stations
Number of Attai nedStat i ons
85 96 215 199 151
Total Number ofMoni tori ng Stat i ons
250 269 282 301 319
Attai nment rate(%) 34. 0 35. 7 76. 2 66. 1 47. 3
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
( SPM )
( Environmental Quality Standards) ・ SPM... Daily average is 0.10 mg/m3 or less ・ NO2…Daily average is in a range from 0.04 to 0.06 ppm or below
1. Air Quality Status
Emissions by Source Category
Dieselvehicles
80%
Gasolinevehicles
20%
Special vehicles6.5%Buses
3.7%
HD trucks56.8%
LD trucks8.9%
Mini-sized passengercars1.7%
Passengercars
11.8%Mini-sized trucks
4.4%
LD trucks1.9%
Passenger cars4.0%
Total NOx6.4 million
t/ year
1. Air Quality Status
Dieselvehicles100%
HD trucks66.0%
Buses4.4%
Specialvehicles
7.1%
Passengercars
11.2%
LD trucks11.3%
Total PM 64 thousand t/ year
5
Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Measures in Japan
1. Tightening Emission Standards
2. NOx-PM Law (ban old vehicles to be registered in Metropolitan areas)
3. Promoting Low Emission Vehicles (Hybrid, CNG, FCV, etc.)
2. Framework of Emission Control
Recommendation of the Central Environment Council
Air Pollution Control Law ( Ministry of the Environment )
《 Motor Vehicle Emission Control 》
Maximum permissible limits on the amount of exhaust gases from motor
vehicles
《 Fuel Control 》Maximum permissible limits on the
automotive fuel quality
Road Vehicle Act( Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and
Transport )Safety regulations for road vehicles
Law on the Quality Control of Gasoline and Other Fuels( Ministry of Economy, Trade
Industry)
Compulsory standards for gasoline and diesel fuel
2. Framework of Emission Control
Framework of Emission and Fuel Control
History of Emission Standards( Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles)
15
24
33
43
52
61
70
85
100
0 25 50 75 100Reduction rate(%)
1974
1977
1979
1983
1988- 1990
1994
1997- 1999
2003- 2004
2005 2.0g/ kWh( )4
26
36
100
0 25 50 75 100
Reduction rate(%)
1994
1997- 99
2003- 04
2005 0.027g/ kWh( )
( Nitrogen Oxides )
( Particulate Matters )
3. Current & Future Emission Standards
Comparison of Future Emission Standards on HD vehicles
(Around 2003)
g/ kWhNOx( )
g/kW
hP
M(
)
0.18
0.13
0.1
3.38 5.0 5.4
J APAN
EU
USA
(2005)
g/ kWhNOx( )
g/kW
hP
M(
)
0.13
0.030.027
2.0 3.2 3.5J APAN
EU
USA
3. Current & Future Emission Standards
Estimated Effect of Tightening Standards
3. Current & Future Emission Standards
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2,000 2,010
Year
Tot
al E
mis
sion
s
G Passenger cars
G Mini-sized trucks
G Other
D Passenger cars
D LD trucks
D HD trucks
D Other
(ten thousand t/year)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2,000 2,010
Year
Tot
al E
mis
sion
s
(ten thousand t/year)
( Particulate Matters )
( Nitrogen Oxides )
Emission Reduction Technology( Diesel Vehicles )
3. Current & Future Emission Standards
2003-04 2005 Future
Improvement of combustion chamber andair-intake system
○ ○ ○
Improvement of fuel system ○ ○ ○Cooled EGR △ ○ ○
Turbo Charger △ ○ ○Exhaust After-treatment Device
Oxidation Catalyst △ - -Passive type Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF) △ △ △
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) × △ △NOx Adsorber × △ △
Note ○) :Prevailed △ :Limited use × :Not Possible
Structure of Filter
NOx CatalystFlow of exhaust gas
Capped
Rough Picture
Exhaust gas
NOx Catalyst
Structure of Filter Exhaust gas
Enlarged Picture
NOx Catalyst
Outlook of DPNR Structure of DPNR
Maximum sulfur contents in diesel fuel500ppm(0.05wt%)
350ppm(0.035wt%)
50ppm(0.005wt%)
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
10ppm(0.001wt%)
2011
Voluntary Action
15ppmVoluntary Phase in
JPN :
US:EU:
3. Current & Future Emission Standards
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 100 200
Time sec
Spe
ed
km/h
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Time sec
Spe
ed
km/h
Exhaust Emission Test cycles( Chassis base: GVW 3.5t≦ )
※Repeat 4 times
10 ・ 15 Mode (Hot start) 11 Mode(Cold start)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200Time ( sec )
Sp
eed
(km
/h)
Current
Future
4. For Effective Emission Control
New Mode (Hot start [2008-], Cold start [2011-])
Exhaust Emission Test cycles( Engine base: GVW 3.5t> )
Steady State: Diesel 13 Mode
⑪ 4.9
⑫ 3.7⑩ 5.5
⑧ 3.2⑨ 7.7
⑦ 4.1⑥ 6.4③ 2.7
⑤ 2.9
⑬ 14.2
② 3.7
①④ 41.0
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Idling
Engine Speed
En
gin
e
Load
4. For Effective Emission Control
Current
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
t i me sec( )
velocity(km/h)
Future
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Time Sec)(
Load(
%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Time Sec( )
Engin
e S
peed(
%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800時間(秒)
負荷
率(%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800時間(秒)
回転
率(%
)
Transformed engine by engine with computer programs
Representative running mode of HD vehicles
Transient: New Mode (2005-)
On Board Diagnostics (OBD) Vehicles GVW 3.5t or less … OBDⅡ requirement from 2008 Vehicle more than GVW 3.5t
…Introduce after technologically available
Fuel Control Valve
Sensor of Temp and air intake②Warning lump on
EGR valve
O 2 sensor O 2 sensor
Tire
Tire Tire
Tire
Engine ECM
Catalyst
Fuel tank
①Detect malfunction and failures
4. For Effective Emission Control
16
Future Task Further tightening of emission standards
- Motorcycles- Non-road vehicles - HD diesel vehicles
Fuel quality (Sulfur contents, etc.) Evaporative emission Off-cycle control Ultra fine particles
17
For Better Air Quality in Japan...
For more information...– MOE Homepage: http://www.env.go.jp