1 METAR/TAF The International Weather Code By Bob Jackson, MIC, ZSE CWSU.
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Transcript of 1 METAR/TAF The International Weather Code By Bob Jackson, MIC, ZSE CWSU.
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METAR/TAF The International
Weather Code
By Bob Jackson,MIC, ZSE CWSU
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A ‘METAR’ is a ‘surface’
weather observation
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‘TAF’ is a Terminal Aviation Forecast
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• What - Type of product• Where - Station Name• Who - Used if automated• When - Date and Time of METAR• Wind - Given in Degrees ‘true North’• Weather - Present weather• Remarks - Additional comments as
needed
Order of Informationin METAR:
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Order of Information in METAR:
METAR KSEA 101955Z 20015KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132
What
WhereMetar
orSpeci
When Wind Vis Wx Sky
Clr
Up to 3cloud layers
TempDp
Alt Remarks
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 =
WHAT - Report name/type• METAR = Hourly Observation• Speci = Special Observation
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 =
WHERE - Four Letter station ID.• 48 States begin with ‘K’• Alaskan stations begin with ‘PA’• Hawiian stations begin with ‘PH’
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 =
WHO - Not used if Human Obs.• A01 - For AWOS Observation• A02 - For ASOS Observation
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 =
WHEN - Date and Time the of OBS was taken in UCT.
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132=
WHEN - Date and Time the of OBS was taken in UCT.
• Date of OBS
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 =
WHEN - Date and Time the of OBS was taken in UCT.
• Date of OBS• Hour of the day
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132=
WHEN - Date and Time the of OBS was taken in UCT.
• Date of OBS• Hour of the day• Minute
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WIND
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WIND • First 3 digits = Direction in True
North
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WIND -• First 3 digits = Direction in True
North• 4th & 5th digits = Wind Speed
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WIND -• First 3 digits = Direction in True
North• 4th & 5th digits = Wind Speed• ‘G’ indicates gusts and speed.
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WIND -• First 3 digits = Direction in True
North• 4th & 5th digits = Wind Speed• ‘G’ indicates gusts.• KT = Speed given in Knots
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER• Visibility
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER• Visibility• Present Weather
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER• Visibility• Present Weather• Sky cover (Clouds)
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER• Visibility• Present Weather• Sky cover (Clouds)• Temp/DP
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= WEATHER• Visibility• Present Weather• Sky cover (Clouds)• Temp/DP• Altimeter
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132=
VISIBILITY• Reported in Statute Miles (SM) and
fractions up to 6 miles
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM -TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132=
Given in Intensity ( -, ‘ ‘ , +)• Descriptor (SH, TS, FZ, etc)• Precip type (DZ, RA, SN)• Obscuration (FG, BR FU, etc)• Other (dust, funnel cloud)
Present Weather
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height• Coverage (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC)
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height• Coverage (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC)• Height - Given in feet AGL
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height• Coverage (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC)• Height - Given in feet AGL• Type - IF convective clouds
present
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height• Coverage (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC)• Height - Given in feet AGL• Type - IF convective clouds
present CB = Cumulonimbus
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Clouds and Cloud Height• Coverage (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC)• Height - Given in feet AGL• Type - IF convective clouds present CB = Cumulonimbus
TCU = Towering Cu
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA BR BKN000 OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= • If the sky is PARTIALLY obscured,
then a surface based cloud (Fog) height is given as “000”.
• In example, the first layer is a surface based obscuration due to rain and fog.
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA VV04 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132=
• If the sky is Totally Obscured then, VV = Vertical Vibility in 100s of feet.
• In this example: VV004 = The sky is obscured, and the Vertical Visibility is 400 ft.
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 20015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132= Temperature/Dew Point• Given in degrees Celsius• If preceded by ‘M’ then is minus
( <0)
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A Simple Temperature Conversion:
• F = (2 * C) + 30• Example:• 10C = 2*10 =20
+ 30 F = 50
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 2015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132=
• A = Inches of Mercury• Q = Hectopascals (Millibars)
Altimeter Setting
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METAR KSEA A02 101955Z 2015G25KT 3/4SM TSRA OVC010CB 19/06 A2992 RMK SLP132 VIS N2 WSHIFT 30 FROPA= • REMARKS - significant items not
included in the main body of the METAR.
• SLP = Sea Level Pressure in Millibars• Visibility to the North is 2 miles.• The wind shifted at 30 min past the
hour because of a frontal passage.
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Order of Information in METAR:
Where When Wind Vis Wx Sky
Clr
Up to 3cloud layers
TempDp
Alt RemarksWhat
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‘TAF’ is a Terminal Aviation Forecast
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TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SMTSRA OVC010CBBCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100=
• WHAT - TAF
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TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SMTSRA OVC010CBBCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100=
• WHAT - TAF • WHERE - Same as METAR
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TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SMTSRA OVC010CBBCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100=
• WHAT - TAF • WHERE - Same as METAR• WHEN - Date/time of
beginning/ending
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TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SMTSRA OVC010CBBCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100=
• WIND - Same as METAR
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TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SMTSRA OVC010CBBCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100=
• VISIBILITY - ‘Somewhat’ the same as METAR– Forecast up to 6 miles. – If more than 6 miles then ‘P’ (plus) is
added.
• WIND - Same as METAR
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TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010
BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SM
TSRA OVC010CBBCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040
BKN100=• WEATHER - Same as METAR
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TAF KSEA 101919Z 20015KT P6SM SCT010BKN030 TEMPO 20015G25KT 3/4SMTSRA OVC010CBBCMG 0304 VRB05 SCT040 BKN100=
• WEATHER - Same as METAR• CLOUDS - Same as METAR
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Significant Weather Changes
• FMnn = Change expected at that time
• PROBnn = Probability of occurrance• TEMPO = Expected change for less
than 1hr and less then 1/2 of the period.
• BECMG = Condition change at the time indicated
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Amendments are made as needed.
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This is notThe End