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1 Introduction to Plants Introduction to Plants Agenda: Handout on non-vascular plants Vascular notes on plants in foldable Draw and label seeds Warm Up: new handout What do you think is the importance of plants to study and understand? Homework: None http://www.biologyjunction.com/plant_taxonomy_bi.htm Mon April 14

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KINGDOM PLANTAE THE ORGANISMS IN THIS KINGDOM ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF PLANTS Copy on front inside cover of foldable

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Overview of Plants: All plants are multicellular & contain chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts All plants are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that reproduce sexually Many medicines are produced by plants Plants are very diverse & may be terrestrial or aquatic Vary in size from 1 mm in width to more than 328 feet May live a few weeks or some over 5000 years More than 270,000 plant species identified, but new species still unidentified in tropical rain forests

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6 How Plant Adapts to Land Problems: Need minerals Need minerals Gravity Gravity Increase in Height for Light Increase in Height for Light Adaptations for Drier environment Adaptations for Drier environment Reproduction Reproduction Solutions: Roots absorb H 2 O & minerals Roots absorb H 2 O & minerals Lignin & cellulose in cell walls Lignin & cellulose in cell walls Vascular Transport System Vascular Transport System Waxy cuticle & stomata with guard cells Waxy cuticle & stomata with guard cells Pollen containing sperm Pollen containing sperm

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5 Water Vs.Land Plant Cells Land plants have a rigid cell wall for support Water plants cells are less rigid and rely on the water to give them support. Roots Land plants have extensive root systems to find water, nutrients and footing, roots are also used for storage Water plants many do not have roots and absorb nutrients through leaves

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2 Major Plant Groups: Vascular & Non-Vascular Vascular tissue: adapted to carry substances throughout the organism

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Mosses are food for animals & help form soil & keep it moist. Nonvascular plants: http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=nopnvascular+plants&view=detail&mid=C331 DAFFD5F36EC0D0D6C331DAFFD5F36EC0D0D6&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=nopnvascular+plants&view=detail&mid=C331 DAFFD5F36EC0D0D6C331DAFFD5F36EC0D0D6&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR

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NON-VASCULAR PLANTS Lack vascular tissue Use osmosis and diffusion to transport water and nutrients Do not have true roots, stems, & leaves. Reproduce by sperm & eggs formed at the tip of the leafy stem. Need water source - grow on land near streams & rivers Small and close to the ground

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Vascular Plants Seedless ferns have spores instead of seeds Have seeds Gymnosperms seeds with no covering Angiosperms seeds with covering

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Ferns are seedless vascular plants

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21 Ferns reproduce by producing spores on structures on the undersides of their fronds called sori. The fern plant which is the sporophyte produces spores which germinate on free ground growing a prothallus structure (the gametophyte) where the gametes are produced (sperm and eggs). Because of the fact sperm must swim from these structures ferns usually live in damp areas.

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DICOT PLANTS NON-VASCULAR VASCULAR GYMNOSPERMS ANGIOSPERMS MONOCOT FERNS MOSSES Complete Gymnosperms Reading and Activity

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To Do! SEEDS 1. Go to back of page 2 and label SEEDS 2. Get a plastic cup and 2 seeds. 1 sunflower seed one pumpkin seed. 3. On pg. 2. create a detailed drawing of both seeds and put date next to drawing 4. Wet a paper towel (not soaking wet/not dry) put seeds into paper towel fold and put into cup. 5. Put name on cup and place into bin 16

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Tue April 15 To Do Today Check seeds - draw, label and water Gymnosperm notes Look at gymnosperms pine cones Gymnosperm handout Warm Up- Name a similarity and difference between a fern and a moss. Homework: None

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15 Seed Check examine your seeds - what can you label?

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DICOT PLANTS NON-VASCULAR VASCULAR GYMNOSPERMS ANGIOSPERMS MONOCOT FERNS MOSSES Complete Gymnosperms Reading and Activity

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19 Seed-Producing Vascular Plants Includes two groups Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Includes two groups Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds

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23 TYPES OF VASCULAR PLANTS GYMNOSPERMS: Keeps leaves all year and has seeds in cones ANGIOSPERMS: Loses leaves once a year and has seeds in fruit Angiosperms are divided into two groups: Monocots and Dicots http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/

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Vascular Plants with Seeds Gymnosperms: *Keep leaves (needles) all year *Seeds have no covering and contained in cones

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Pine Cones

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21 Giant Sequoias 21

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25 21 Gymnosperms Contains the oldest living plant Bristle cone pine Contains the oldest living plant Bristle cone pine Contains the tallest living plant Sequoia or redwood Contains the tallest living plant Sequoia or redwood

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20 Gymnosperms Coniferophyta are known as conifers Coniferophyta are known as conifers Includes pine, cedar, spruce, and fir Includes pine, cedar, spruce, and fir Cycadophyta cycads Cycadophyta cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Ginkgo Cycad

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Wed/Thurs April 16&17 To Do Today Check seeds - draw, label and water Video review Plant dissetion Activity explain each answer Warm Up- explain each answer 1. Gymnosperms have beautiful flowers to help them reproduce. True False 2. Which of these is NOT a gymnosperm? Cycad, Pine Tree, Ginkgo, They Are All Gymnosperms 3. Gymnosperms have seeds. True False http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/

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25 Seed Check Examine your seeds - what can you label? detail Draw seeds (detail) and put into soil being careful to no damage roots

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Parts of a Flower Lab Activity *handout

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Apples