1 Introduction to Optical Technology

8/8/2019 1 Introduction to Optical Technology

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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialEDF Nancy 31/10/2006 1

,


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2 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialMonza Optical TOI Dec 2006

Agenda

WDM


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?

:

: (), ,


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=

sin/sin=n=n2/n1

n1

=c/v1


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:

:

(LED, )


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LED (light emitting diod):

:


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(dBm, dB)

dBm (decibel miliwatt)

dBm = 10 log10(mW)

0 dBm = 1 mW

3 dBm = 2 mW

10 dBm = 10 mW

-3 dBm = 0.5 mW

-6 dBm = 0.25 mW

etc.

dB (decibel)

dB= log10(Pout/Pin)


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11 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialMonza Optical TOI Dec 2006 //

250m

125m

10m

(SiO2) (/ ) ,

, (

) (n)

n = c/v, n ~ 1.46 (SiO2), n() > n(), < 1% : 5 sec/km


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(),

n2n2

n1n1


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PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion)

FWM (Four Wave Mixing) Self-phase modulation (SPM)

Cross-phase modulation (CPM)

Stimulated Brilloun scattering (SBS)

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)


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-

0 0

00

0

0 0

0

0

1

1

1 1

1

1 1

11

- ,


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2 :

: . ( OH).

: . ,

.


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800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

OH- OH-

(nm) (nm)

0.2 dB/Km

0.5 dB/Km

2.0 dB/Km

(dB)/km vs. (dB)/km vs.

S-Band:14601530nmS-Band:14601530nm

L-Band:15651625nmL-Band:15651625nm

C-Band:15301565nmC-Band:15301565nm


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(CD)

,

( ps/nm.km),

:

Bit 1 Bit 2Bit 1 Bit 2Bit 1 Bit 2

Bit 1 Bit 2Bit 1 Bit 2


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CD

0 km0 km50 km50 km 70 km70 km

10 Gbit/s10 Gbit/s

1.25 Gbit/s1.25 Gbit/s

0 km 50 km 60 km 70 km 100 km

(Bit rate)

2


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(PMD)

PMD

; 10Gb/s

:

, 2 ( x y) ( x y

nx

nyEx

Ey


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PMD

10 Gbit/s10 Gbit/s

1.25 Gbit/s1.25 Gbit/s

0 ps 40 ps 60 ps 80 ps 125 ps


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Four Wave Mixing

FWM WDM;

; ; WDM

fijk - fi = fj - fk (i,j k)

1 2 3

f113f113 f112f112

f123f123

f213f213

f223f223 f132f132

f312f312f221f221 f332f332

f321f321

f231f231

f331f331


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FWM

FWM -

(DSF, G.653) FWM

FWM

FWM,


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(3R)


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(G.652) >95%

(G.653) (G.655)

dB/km ps


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WDM


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vs.

- ( 1000BaseZX, 10GBaseZR ..)

- ? TDM (SDH, EoSDH, FCoSDH) ( ITU)

- CWDM 20 nm ( 8 16 )

- DWDM 200 GHz, 100 GHz 50 Ghz

- WWDM

ITU DWDM: 1000 GHz (8 nm 1550 nm)

CWDM: 1000 GHz (8 nm 1550 nm) , 50 nm

WWDM: 50 nm ( 1310 1550)


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(Band)

(nm)

O 1260 1360

E 1360 1460

S 1460 1530

C 1530 1565

L 1565 1625

U 1625 1675

, .

DWDM C-

- (EDFA).

CWDM S, C L.

ITU-T xWDM

G.694.1 DWDM, S, C L.

G.694.2 CWDM, O, E, S, C L.


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WDM

GE

FC

SDH

ITU-T CWDM DWDM

-

WDMMux

()

WDMMux

() OAOA

GBIC/SFP/XENPAK

OAOA

GBIC/SFP/XENPAK


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WDM

MM/SM850nm/1310nm

GE

ESCON/

FC

ATM

ITU-T CWDM DWDM

WDMMux

(Filter)

WDMMux

(Filter) OAOA

OEO

OEO

OEO

OAOA

-


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WDM

2RRegenerate and Reshape

3RRegenerate, Reshape and Retime

(1550nm SM

310nm SM MM

850nm MM)

WDM

(1550nm

ITU)Electrical Domain(Protocol) Performance

MonitoringRedundancy Control,

FEC/EFEC, OFC,

Optical OpticalElectrical


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1310 nm

1550 nm -

DWDM LaserDistributed Feedback (DFB)

Non DWDM LaserFabry-Perot


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(laser chirp)

Metro WDM 2.5 Gbit/s

( chirp)

Metro WDM 2.5 10 Gbit/s

LH WDM (2.5 10 Gbit/s)

Iin

DC Iin


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:

2 @ 100GHz

4 @ 100GHz

(C L) 80 @ 50GHz


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WDM

100 GHz ( 0.8 nm)

50 GHz 200 GHz

25 GHz

ITU-T G.694.1 DWDM G.694.2 CWDM

NRZ

ODB , ( 40Gbps 50 GHz CD (Half=0, Full or Zero=1)


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:

:

P-I-N

Avalanche (, )


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G.709

OTN ITU WDM,

Digital wrapper FEC

3825

4080

1 7 8 14

15

16

17

3824

1

2

3

4

OPU kPayload

OPUk

OH

OPUkOptical Channel Payload Unit

ODUk

ODUkOptical Channel Data Unit

OPUk

OTUkFEC

OTUkOH

OTUkOptical Channel Transport Unit

Alignm

Alignment

k:

1 2.5G

2 10G3 40G


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WDM


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WDM

:


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mux/demux vs. OADM

mux/demux

Optical add/drop multiplexer(OADM)

/,


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WDM

( ):

EDFA: Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (15301565 nm)

GS-EDFA: Gain-shifted EDFA (15701610 nm)

EDTFA: Tellurium-based gain-shifted TDFA (15301610 nm)

GS-TDFA: Gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifier (14901530 nm)

TDFA: Thulium-doped fluoride-based fiber amplifier (14501490 nm)

RFA: Raman fiber amplifier (14201620 nm or more)

: EDFA, RFA


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Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

:

.

(Coupler)


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EDFA


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EDFA

Booster (Post) amplifier: ( )

Pre-amplifier: (

NF, , ) Line amplifier: , pre-

metro- Post, Line Preamp,

EDFA ,

OADM

Pre AmpPre Amp

OADM

BoosterBooster Line AmpLine Amp

OSNR

OSNR


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~20dB

,

100mW+


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WDM DCU

:

DC

CD ,

100%

DCF

DC

DCM

, -

,


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DCF

:

;


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(DCF)

Signal INSignal IN Signal OUTSignal OUT


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1 Introduction to Optical Technology

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