1 International Workshop on Social Statistics, 22-24 November 2010 JOEncarnacion Republic of the...

1International Workshop on Social Statistics, 22-24 November 2010JOEncarnacion

Republic of the PhilippinesNATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD

Dissemination and Interpretation of Time Use Data: The Philippine

Experience

Note: Results shown in this presentation are based on a paper by Virola, et.al. on, “Improving the Way We Measure the Increasing Contribution of Women in Nation-

Building”, which was presented during the 11th National Convention on Statistics at the EDSA Shangri-La Hotel, Mandaluyong City on 4-5 October 2010

Presented by

Jessamyn O. EncarnacionActing Director, Social Statistics Office

National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)

International Workshop on Social StatisticsNovember 22-24, 2010

Beijing, China



Outline of Presentation

I. Introduction

II. Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot Time Use Survey

III.The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data

- Overview of the Methodology

- Some Results

- Limitations

IV. Other Possible Uses of Time Use Data

V. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations



I. Introduction

2000 Pilot Time Use Survey in the Philippines

- Conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) in February 2000

- In cooperation with the Philippine Commission on Women (PCW, then National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW)) and the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)

- With financial assistance from CIDA



II. Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot TUS

I. Final Report on the 2000 Pilot TUS

- Published by the National Statistics Office

- Includes the following:

1. Introduction

2. Work and Financial Plans

3. Summary of Outputs

4. Major Accomplishments

5. Evaluation of Methodologies Used

6. Insights and Lessons Learned

7. Data Limitations

8. Recommendations

9. Highlights of the Pilot TUS10. Statistical Tables

11 Questionnaire




I. Final Report on the 2000 Pilot TUS (cont.)

- Highlights of the Pilot TUS include the following:

1. Demographic characteristics of the sample households (HHs)

2. Socio-economic characteristics of the sample respondents

3. Time allocation of respondents

4. Self-Valuation of Unpaid Housework



II. Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot TUSI. Final Report on the 2000 Pilot TUS (cont.)

3. Time allocation of respondents includes the following:

• Housework are mostly done on weekends and about twice more for women compared to men

• Child and family care is mostly done by women and more are engaged in shopping4. Self-Valuation of Unpaid Housework

• Average self-valuation for unpaid work in the sample urban area is 20% higher than those in the sample rural area

• Male college graduates in the sample urban area posted higher average self-valuation on unpaid housework



II. Dissemination of the Results of the 2000 Pilot TUSII. Forums

2.1 National Dissemination Forum in 2002

• Conducted by the NSO, NSCB, and the PCW

• Presented the :1) outputs of the Project; and 2) highlights of the results

• Mostly participated by:

- Data source agencies

- Users and stakeholders

- Academe

- Non-government organization

2.2 Users’ Forum on Integrating Unpaid Work into

National Policies in 2003




III. Fact Sheet on the 2000 Pilot TUS

- Published by the Philippine Commission on Women (PCW, then National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women)

- Includes the following:

1. Respondents and number of sample households;

2. Objectives of the Pilot TUS;

3. Survey instruments used;

4. Mode of data collection; AND

5. Highlights of the results of the 2000 Pilot TUS




III. Fact Sheet on the 2000 Pilot TUS (cont.)

Sample Highlights:

“Based on the 2000 PTUS…

• Even if women are economically active, they still spend considerable time in child and family care while men tend to spend less time on these activities when economically active.

• Men spend more time than women in social, arts and cultural activities (which includes watching television, reading and doing other passive leisure activities) especially on weekends.”



III. The Philippine Experience on the Use of Time Use Data

The PSNA Framework and Production Boundary

Goods Services Goods ServicesFinancial CorporationNon-financial CorporationGeneral GovernmentNon-profit Institutions serving householdsHouseholds

Market Non-MarketPSNA Framework




d. Care, training and instruction of children

e. Care of sick, infirm or old and

f. Transportation of members of the household or their goods

Non-Market Services (unaccounted activities) include the

following (from SNA 1993, par. 6.4 ):

a. Cleaning, decoration and maintenance of the dwelling unit

b. Cleaning, servicing and repair of household durable goods, including vehicles

c. Preparation and serving of meals




• Women usually produce the non-market

services (unaccounted activities) in their

households!

• To adequately measure women’s

contribution in society:

- means expanding the definition of the

SNA production boundary to include non-

market services!




• Past efforts/studies on the valuation of unpaid work using time use data

a. “Measuring the Contribution of Women to the Philippine Economy” by Romulo A. Virola and Sylvia M. de Perio (1998)

b. “Women’s Contribution to the Economy” by Romulo A. Virola (1999)

c. “Do Women Contribute Less Than Men to Nation Building?” by Romulo A. Virola, Jessamyn O. Encarnacion, Armyl G. Zaguirre and Raymond S. Perez (2007)

d. “Improving the Way We Measure the Increasing Contribution of Women in Nation-Building”by Romulo A. Virola, et. al. (2010)



Overview of the Methodology

1. Conventional GDP by sexa. Using annual average number of employed persons by sex b. Using the average hours of paid work by sex

• Average hours of paid work was used since it is more reflective of the ‘quantity’ of participation of women and men in the labor force.2. NFIA by sex

a. Net Compensation• Remittances by sex from the SOF were used

as weights.

b. Net Property Income• Allocated equally between women and men

due to lack of parameters available in the PSS.

3. Conventional GNP by sex• Sum of GDP and NFIA by sex


Using the results of the 2000 Pilot TUS, to include unpaid work:“Adjusted”

GDP

“Adjusted” GNP



•Different options on the hours of unpaid work

Women Men Women Men

Option A 6.554 5.054 8.034 4.906Option B 4.271 1.218 6.575 1.875

Option C 4.771 1.718 7.075 2.375

Option D 5.271 2.218 7.575 2.875

Option E 4.271 2.218 6.575 2.875

Option F 4.271 3.218 6.575 3.875

Employed Unemployed/NITLFOptions

Notes:

Option A - Hours used in the 2007 NCS paper based on the results of the 2000 Pilot TUS

Option B - Hours used in the 1998 NCS paper based on Illo's 1988 and 1992 srudies

Option C - Option B + 0.5 hour each for women and men

Option D - Option B + 1.0 hour each for women and men

Option E - Option B + 1.0 hour for men

Option F - Option B + 2.0 hours for men

Sources of basic data: 2000 Pilot Time Use Survey, NSO

Illo’s studies (1988, 1992), Institute of Philippine Culture, Ateneo De Manila University

• Multiplied by the total number of employed, unemployed and those outside the labor force from the LFS


•2000 Pilot Time Use results

•For simulation exercises



•Approaches used in the valuation of unpaid work

Approach Monetary value used in this study

Labor force participation

1. Opportunity Cost (OC)

• Average compensation per employee

•Employed

2. Market Price (MP) • Average Daily Basic Pay for all Occupations• Minimum Wage• Average Daily Basic Pay of Laborers and Unskilled Workers (Janitors)

•Employed•Unemployed•Not in the labor force




•Different Exercises done in the Valuation of Unpaid WorkExercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3

Employed1/

Unemployed2/

Not in the Labor Force2/

Average Compensation per Employee, across industries from ASPBI (Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry)

Average Daily Basic Pay

(for all occupations)

Average of the Minimum Wage

Rate in NCR for the Agricultural and Non-agricultural

Sectors)

Average Daily Basic Pay of the

Laborers and Unskilled Workers

(Janitors)

Employed2/

Unemployed2/

Not in the Labor Force2/

Exercise 4 Exercise 5 Exercise 6

Average Daily Basic Pay

(for all occupations)

Average of the Minimum Wage

Rate in NCR for the Agricultural and Non-agricultural

sectors)

Average Daily Basic Pay of the Laborers

and Unskilled Workers (Janitors)

Notes: 1/ - Using opportunity cost approach 2/ - Using market price approach


•Opportunity Cost and Market Price Approaches

•Market Price Approach only



Women contribute an average of 39 percent to the country’s conventional GDP from 2000-2009!

Notes: 1 – The annual estimates were computed using the average of the four survey rounds of the Labor Force Survey.2 – Per NSCB Resolution No. 15, Series of 2004, the definition of unemployment was changed to adopt internationally recognized practices. The NSO adopted the new definition of unemployment in the LFS questionnaire starting with the April 2005 round. As the data for January were based on the old definition of unemployment, average employment rates for 2005 was computed using the three survey rounds (i.e., April, July and October) for consistency in the definitions used.3 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the percentages from 2000 to 2009.Sources of basic data: Special computations made by the authors using the National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board and the results of the Labor Force Survey, National Statistics Office.

Table 1. Percentage Distribution of Conventional GDP, by Sex: 2000-2009 (At Current Prices)(In percent)

Women Men

2000 37.7 62.3

2001 39.1 60.9

2002 39.7 60.3

2003 38.7 61.3

2004 38.5 61.5

20052/ 39.1 60.9

2006 39.2 60.8

2007 39.3 60.7

2008 39.1 60.9

2009 39.6 60.4

2000 - 20093/ 39.0 61.0

YearUsing Hours of Work 1/




Women account for 27.6 percent of the total NFIA!

Women Men Women Men Women Men

2000 26.6 73.4 32.4 67.6 50.0 50.0

2001 29.5 70.5 36.3 63.7 50.0 50.0

2002 22.8 77.2 32.8 67.2 50.0 50.0

2003 26.3 73.7 34.1 65.9 50.0 50.0

2004 25.5 74.5 32.9 67.1 50.0 50.0

2005 30.4 69.6 35.9 64.1 50.0 50.0

2006 29.1 70.9 35.2 64.8 50.0 50.0

2007 27.0 73.0 32.5 67.5 50.0 50.0

2008 32.0 68.0 35.0 65.0 50.0 50.0

2009 27.1 72.9 30.8 69.2 50.0 50.0

2000-20091/ 27.6 72.4 33.8 66.2 50.0 50.0

YEARNet Property IncomeNFIA Net Compensation

Table 14. Percentage Distribution of Net Factor Income from Abroad (At Current Prices),by Sex: 2000-2009 (In percent)

Note: 1 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the values from 2000 to 2009.Source: Special computations made by the authors using the National Accounts of the Philippines, National StatisticalCoordination Board and Survey of Overseas Filipinos, National Statistics Office




Women contribute an average of 38.1 percent to the country’s conventional GNP from 2000 to 2009!

Women Men

2000 37.0 63.0

2001 38.5 61.5

2002 38.6 61.4

2003 37.9 62.1

2004 37.5 62.5

20052/ 38.5 61.5

2006 38.5 61.5

2007 38.3 61.7

2008 38.4 61.6

2009 38.0 62.0

2000 - 20093/38.1 61.9

YearShare to Conventional GNP

Table 15. Percentage Distribution of Conventional GNP (At Current Prices) Using Average Hours of Paid Work 1/, by Sex: 2000-2009 (In percent)

Notes: 1 – The annual estimates were computed using the average of the four survey rounds of the Labor Force Survey.2 – Per NSCB Resolution No. 15, Series of 2004, the definition of unemployment was changed to adopt internationally recognized practices. The NSO adopted the new definition of unemployment in the LFS questionnaire starting with the April 2005 round. As the data for January were based on the old definition of unemployment, average employment rates for 2005 was computed using the three survey rounds (i.e., April, July and October) for consistency in the definitions used.3 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the percentages from 2000 to 2009.Sources of basic data: Special computations made by the authors using the National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board and the results of the Labor Force Survey, National Statistics Office.




Table 17. Percentage Distribution of Value of Unpaid Hours to Conventional GDP (At Current Prices), by Sex: 2000-2009(In percent)

Accounting for Unpaid Work, conventional GDP increases by 38.4 to 79.8 percent!

Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total

2000 43.6 41.9 85.5 31.0 10.9 41.9 34.1 15.1 49.2 37.2 19.2 56.5 31.0 19.2 50.2 31.0 27.5 58.62001 42.4 40.1 82.5 30.0 10.4 40.4 33.0 14.4 47.4 36.0 18.4 54.4 30.0 18.4 48.3 30.0 26.3 56.32002 42.2 39.7 82.0 29.8 10.3 40.1 32.8 14.3 47.0 35.8 18.2 54.0 29.8 18.2 48.0 29.8 26.1 55.92003 41.2 39.7 80.9 29.0 10.3 39.3 32.0 14.2 46.2 34.9 18.1 53.1 29.0 18.1 47.2 29.0 26.0 55.02004 40.7 40.5 81.2 28.6 10.4 38.9 31.5 14.4 45.9 34.4 18.4 52.8 28.6 18.4 47.0 28.6 26.5 55.02005 37.5 38.8 76.3 26.0 10.0 36.0 28.7 13.8 42.6 31.4 17.7 49.1 26.0 17.7 43.7 26.0 25.4 51.42006 38.7 39.0 77.7 27.0 10.1 37.0 29.8 13.9 43.7 32.6 17.8 50.4 27.0 17.8 44.8 27.0 25.6 52.52007 38.6 38.7 77.3 26.9 9.9 36.8 29.7 13.8 43.5 32.5 17.6 50.1 26.9 17.6 44.5 26.9 25.3 52.22008 37.9 38.6 76.4 26.3 9.9 36.2 29.1 13.7 42.8 31.8 17.5 49.4 26.3 17.5 43.9 26.3 25.2 51.52009 39.2 39.5 78.6 27.2 10.1 37.3 30.0 14.0 44.1 32.9 17.9 50.8 27.2 17.9 45.1 27.2 25.8 53.0

00-091/ 40.2 39.6 79.8 28.2 10.2 38.4 31.1 14.2 45.2 34.0 18.1 52.1 28.2 18.1 46.3 28.2 26.0 54.1

% to GDP

YearOption A Option D Option E Option F

EXERCISE 3 - Opportunity Cost (Employed)/ Market Price (Unemployed/NITLF)

Option B Option C

Note: 1 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the values from 2000 to 2009.Sources of basic data: National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board; Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) and Labor Force Survey (LFS), NSO; Average Daily Basic Pay for the Laborers and Unskilled Workers, special computations by BLES Technical Staff using the results of the Labor Force Survey, NSO

• For the period 2000-2009, the highest increase in conventional GDP for all the Options was in 2000, which ranged from 41.9 to 85.5 percent.




Accounting for Unpaid Work, the share of women to GDP increased by 4.6 to 9.5 percentage points from 2000-2009!

Note:1 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the values from 2000 to 2009.Sources of basic data: National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination BoardAnnual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) and Labor Force Survey (LFS), NSOAverage Daily Basic Pay for the Laborers and Unskilled Workers, special computations by BLES Technical Staff using the results of the Labor Force Survey, NSO

Table 18. Share of Women to Conventional and Adjusted GDP (At Current Prices): 2000-2009(In percent)

Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men

2000 43.8 56.2 100.0 48.4 51.6 100.0 48.1 51.9 100.0 47.9 52.1 100.0 45.7 54.3 100.0 43.3 56.72001 44.7 55.3 100.0 49.2 50.8 100.0 48.9 51.1 100.0 48.7 51.3 100.0 46.6 53.4 100.0 44.2 55.82002 45.0 55.0 100.0 49.6 50.4 100.0 49.3 50.7 100.0 49.0 51.0 100.0 46.9 53.1 100.0 44.5 55.52003 44.2 55.8 100.0 48.6 51.4 100.0 48.4 51.6 100.0 48.1 51.9 100.0 46.0 54.0 100.0 43.7 56.32004 43.7 56.3 100.0 48.2 51.8 100.0 47.9 52.1 100.0 47.7 52.3 100.0 45.6 54.4 100.0 43.2 56.82005 43.5 56.5 100.0 47.9 52.1 100.0 47.6 52.4 100.0 47.3 52.7 100.0 45.3 54.7 100.0 43.0 57.02006 43.8 56.2 100.0 48.3 51.7 100.0 48.0 52.0 100.0 47.7 52.3 100.0 45.7 54.3 100.0 43.4 56.62007 44.0 56.0 100.0 48.4 51.6 100.0 48.1 51.9 100.0 47.9 52.1 100.0 45.8 54.2 100.0 43.5 56.52008 43.6 56.4 100.0 48.1 51.9 100.0 47.8 52.2 100.0 47.5 52.5 100.0 45.5 54.5 100.0 43.2 56.82009 44.1 55.9 100.0 48.7 51.3 100.0 48.4 51.6 100.0 48.1 51.9 100.0 46.0 54.0 100.0 43.7 56.3

00-091/44.0 56.0 100.0 48.5 51.5 100.0 48.2 51.8 100.0 48.0 52.0 100.0 45.9 54.1 100.0 43.6 56.4

Year

Percentage Share to Adjusted GDPEXERCISE 3 - Opportunity Cost (Employed)/ Market Price (Unemployed/NITLF)

Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Option F




Women account for 42.8 to 47.3 percent of the adjusted GNP from 2000 to 2009!

Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total

2000 43.2 56.8 100.0 47.5 52.5 100.0 47.2 52.8 100.0 47.0 53.0 100.0 44.9 55.1 100.0 42.7 57.3 100.0

2001 44.1 55.9 100.0 48.3 51.7 100.0 48.1 51.9 100.0 47.9 52.1 100.0 45.8 54.2 100.0 43.6 56.4 100.0

2002 44.2 55.8 100.0 48.4 51.6 100.0 48.2 51.8 100.0 48.0 52.0 100.0 45.9 54.1 100.0 43.7 56.3 100.0

2003 43.5 56.5 100.0 47.5 52.5 100.0 47.3 52.7 100.0 47.1 52.9 100.0 45.1 54.9 100.0 42.9 57.1 100.0

2004 42.9 57.1 100.0 47.0 53.0 100.0 46.8 53.2 100.0 46.6 53.4 100.0 44.6 55.4 100.0 42.4 57.6 100.0

2005 42.9 57.1 100.0 46.9 53.1 100.0 46.7 53.3 100.0 46.4 53.6 100.0 44.5 55.5 100.0 42.4 57.6 100.0

2006 43.2 56.8 100.0 47.2 52.8 100.0 47.0 53.0 100.0 46.8 53.2 100.0 44.8 55.2 100.0 42.7 57.3 100.0

2007 43.2 56.8 100.0 47.1 52.9 100.0 46.9 53.1 100.0 46.7 53.3 100.0 44.8 55.2 100.0 42.6 57.4 100.0

2008 42.9 57.1 100.0 46.8 53.2 100.0 46.6 53.4 100.0 46.4 53.6 100.0 44.5 55.5 100.0 42.4 57.6 100.0

2009 42.8 57.2 100.0 46.6 53.4 100.0 46.4 53.6 100.0 46.2 53.8 100.0 44.3 55.7 100.0 42.2 57.8 100.0

00-091/43.3 56.7 100.0 47.3 52.7 100.0 47.1 52.9 100.0 46.9 53.1 100.0 44.9 55.1 100.0 42.8 57.2 100.0

Year

Percentage Share to Adjusted GNPEXERCISE 3 - Opportunity Cost (Employed)/ Market Price (Unemployed/NITLF)

Option A Option B Option C Option D Option E Option F

Note: 1 - The 2000-2009 figures are the averages of the values from 2000 to 2009.Sources of basic data: National Accounts of the Philippines, National Statistical Coordination Board; Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI) and Labor Force Survey (LFS), NSOAverage Daily Basic Pay for the Laborers and Unskilled Workers, special computations by BLES Technical Staff using the results of the Labor Force Survey, NSO

Table 19. Share of Women and Men to Adjusted GNP (At Current Prices), by Sex: 2000-2009 (In percent)




2010 resulting contribution of unpaid work

•Different options on the hours of unpaid work

Women Men Women MenOption A 6.554 5.054 8.034 4.906

Option B 4.271 1.218 6.575 1.875

Option C 4.771 1.718 7.075 2.375

Option D 5.271 2.218 7.575 2.875

Option E 4.271 2.218 6.575 2.875

Option F 4.271 3.218 6.575 3.875

Employed Unemployed/NITLFOptions

Notes:

Option A - Hours used in the 2007 NCS paper based on the results of the 2000 Pilot TUS

Option B - Hours used in the 1998 NCS paper based on Illo's 1988 and 1992 srudies

Option C - Option B + 0.5 hour each for women and men

Option D - Option B + 1.0 hour each for women and men

Option E - Option B + 1.0 hour for men

Option F - Option B + 2.0 hours for men

Sources of basic data: 2000 Pilot Time Use Survey, NSO

Illo’s studies (1988, 1992), Institute of Philippine Culture, Ateneo De Manila University

Using unpaid work from the 2000 Pilot TUS

(Option A)

Using unpaid work from the special studies in 1988/1992

(Option B)

<Option B < Option C < Option E < Option D < Option F < Option A




1. Concept of Unpaid Work

•Should volunteer work, which is considered in some countries, be really included as part of Unpaid Work?

2. Coverage of the parameters/data source used a. Should we cover in the LFS the population aged 10-14

years, who also engage in economic activities AND unpaid

work? b. Change in the definition of unemployment c. Hours of unpaid work

i. Reference year ii. Areas covered

d.Wages used in the valuation of unpaid work e. Net property income of NFIA, by sex


Limitations



IV. Other Possible Uses of Time Use Data

1.Domestic responsibilities: child and family care

2.Promotion of a healthy lifestyle: advocacy through media

3.Community service, organizational and voluntary work: greater cohesiveness

4.Social security

5.Other potential uses, e.g., towards measuring genuine progress of societies



VI. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations1.Review/assessment of the 2000 Pilot TUS

2.Conduct of a national time-use survey

3.Challenge to official statisticians to COMMUNICATE, that is, not just disseminate, STATISTICS!

4.Challenge to users of statistics to DEMONSTRATE ACTUAL POLICY USES of these statistics!

5.Capacity building of users of statistics

6.Advocacy to various stakeholders specially policymakers

7. Institutionalization/special feature of women’s contribution to the economy in the Philippine System of National Accounts



Maraming Salamat Po!

URL: http://www.nscb.gov.phe-mail: [email protected]

1 International Workshop on Social Statistics, 22-24 November 2010 JOEncarnacion Republic of the...

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