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Grandfather ’s Pencil

and the Room of Stories

By Michael Foreman

The boy finished his letter to his father.

He put down his pencil and climbed into bed.

He kissed his mother goodnight.

All was quiet.

The house slept in the moonlight. The boy dreamed in his bed.

The pencil lay on the paper.

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Then there was a scratchy, scribbly sound. The pencil was writing.

“I remember,” wrote the pencil, “I remember when I first came to this house.

I was in a box with friends. We were all different colours. We were a presentfor the boy.”

“I remember the shop where we were bought. The shelves were full ofbottles of ink and boxes of paints in sets like soldiers.

And paper – so many kinds of paper – smooth, rough, thick, thin. Papersfrom all over the world. Oh, the stories they told, in the night, in the dark!

I remember the forest where we lived before we were pencils. I was part of avery tall tree. In my dreams I still feel the sway of the treetop in the wind.”

In the boy’s room a slight breeze ruffled the paper.


“Yes,” sighed the paper, “I also remember the wind and the forest.”

The pencil wrote as the paper told its tale.

“I also remember when the men came and many trees were cut down. Iremember the dragging of the logs and the thrilling journey down the river,”said the paper.

“Do you remember those early days in the forest?” squeaked the door as itslowly opened. “Our hopes and dreams? Would we stay safe in the forest ortravel the world? We have come a long way, but the boy has far to go.”

The boy stirred in his bed. A pool of moonlight lay on the floorboards of theroom.


“We have come furtherthan any of you,” croakedthe floorboards.“Long before this housewas built we were part ofa great ship with creamsails and a black flag.

We lived on tar and saltand loved every pitching,rolling minute of the windin the rigging and theswish of the sea. Oh, tofeel the wind again!”

“You will!” cried the old wooden window as it flew open.

The night wind whirled madly into the room.

The boy sat up, his eyes wild with excitement. The door danced on itshinges, the pencil rolled off the table and dropped into the pool of moonlightand the paper flew out of the window.


Out, over and beyond the city, tumbling and swooping in the sky until it wascaught and held in the top most branches of a tree in the forest. And thesetales of the pencil, the paper, the door and the floor were torn by the wind.

Birds wove the tatteredtales into their nestsand sang the stories totheir young. All theanimals of the forestlistened, and so thestories spread from thehighest leaf to thedeepest root. Thestories had come hometo the forest.

And the boy? The boy who had far to go?

He grew up and sailed the oceans of the world.


When he grew too old to sail he lived in a wooden house by the sea and toldhis stories to his grandson, Jack. At night he slept in a sea of dreams.

Then, one day, he told Jack of the night, long, long ago, when his boyhoodroom had filled with the night wind, and the door danced and a pencil stoodon its point before it plunged into a pool of moonlight and disappeared.

“It was in your room, Jack. In your house in the city.”

When Jack got back to the city he rushed straight to his room.

He lay down and peered into the cracks between the floorboards.

He couldn’t see anything. It was pitch black.


Jack straightened a wirecoathanger and trawled upand down between theboards. He found severalthings of his own which hehad lost and half forgotten.Then, finally, he hooked out anold pencil!

He tried it on his note pad. Itmade a lovely soft line. Jackwrote a ‘thank you for a lovelyholiday’ letter to hisGrandfather and added: ‘P.S. Ihave found the pencil!’

His mother came and kissed him goodnight, and he went to sleep.

The pencil lay on the paper.

All was quiet.

Scritch, scratch. The pencil began to write…

“For many years I have lain in the dark. My companions have been a bentpin, an old gold coin and a whale bone button. Oh, the tales they told! Thewhale bone button remembered when it was part of a great whale and…”

By Michael Foreman. Published by Andersen Press.

But that is another story.


Memories

Practice questions

A At the beginning of the story, what was the boy using the pencil for?

....................................................................................................

B Who came to say goodnight to the boy?

his father his friend

his mother his grandfather

2

Grandfather’s Pencil

1 ‘ The house slept in the moonlight.’What does this tell you about the setting?

It was peaceful. It was long ago.

It was far away. It was indoors.

2 Which words tell you the sound the pencil made when it first started towrite?

thick, thin smooth, rough

slight breeze scratchy, scribbly

3 Why did the pencil live in a forest before it became a pencil?

....................................................................................................


4 Why had the floorboards travelled further than any of the other things?

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5 The wind blew into the room. Why was this important to what happenednext?Tick 2

It blew the paper out of the window. ..............

It blew the ships at sea. ..............

It reminded the pencil of the shop. ..............

It made the pencil fall on the floor. ..............

It made the boy remember. ..............

6 Find and copy 3 words about how things moved in the wind.

… … . . … … … … … … … … … … …

… … . . … … … … … … … … … … …

… … . . … … … … … … … … … … …

7 What did the boy do when he grew up?

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8 Why did Jack write to his grandfather?Give 2 reasons.

1 … … . . … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . . . . . . . .

2 … … . . … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . . . . . . . .

9 When does this story begin?

in the future a year ago

many years ago now


10 Why is the pencil important in this story?

It helps the boy to write. It tells stories.

It is the only one left. It is under the floor.

11 What is the main idea of the story?

Everything has astory to tell.

Everything is madeof wood.

Everyone shouldbe a sailor.

Pencils are thebest presents.

12 Why would Journeys be a good, different title for this story?Explain as fully as you can.

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Katje the Windmill Cat

Gretchen Woelfle

Illustrated by Nicola Bayley

3


A True Story More than 500 years ago, a violent storm blew into the Netherlands from

the sea. It broke through dikes and flooded a small village in the south ofthe country. The story you will read next, Katje the Windmill Cat, is basedon the true story of this terrible flood.



Katje had an easy life. She lived with Nico the miller in a Dutch village bythe sea. While Nico ground grain in his windmill, Katje chased mice. Upand down the ladders she prowled, searching behind sacks of grain andalong beams dusty with flour. “Every miller needs a cat like Katje,” Nicotold the villagers who came to buy his flour.

At night Katje slept on a soft pillow beside Nico in the house by the mill.On Sundays they walked along the dike that protected the village from thesea. Katje chased seagulls. Nico watched for storms.


One day everything changed. Nico married a young woman called Lena,and that night when Katje jumped into bed, she found Lena lying on herpillow.

The next day Lena beganto sweep. She swept thehouse. She swept thepath to the mill. She evenswept flour dust fromNico when he camehome at night.

Katje wouldn’t let Lena sweep her. But she left a trail of white paw-printsand Lena saw them. “Shoo, Katje,” she cried. “You’re too dusty.” Lifewasn’t easy any more.


One day Katje woke to the sound of sawing. “I’m making a cradle,” Nicosaid. Lena laid a soft quilt inside. That night Katje jumped into the cradleand curled up on the quilt.

Soon a baby called Anneke was born in the little house next to thewindmill. She was small and pink, and she slept in the cradle. Katje didn’tmind. There was room enough for both of them. But Lena said, “Shoo,Katje. You’ll make Anneke sneeze.”

Katje played with Anneke when Lenawasn’t looking. Katje patted the ribbonson the cradle. Anneke waved her arms.Katje wriggled under the quilt. Annekekicked her legs. Katje jumped from sideto side and set the cradle rocking.Anneke giggled and Katje meowed.This was more fun than chasing mice.


But when Lena heard them, she said, “Shoo, Katje. You’ll tip over thecradle!”

Katje walked across the room and stopped by the door. Lena didn’t call herback. So Katje left the house and moved into the windmill.

At night she curled up on empty flour sacks and dreamed of soft quilts.Nico brought her a bowl of milk every evening. “Come home, Katje. Wemiss you.”

Katje wouldn’t go home with Nico.But sometimes, when everyone wassleeping, she crept back home andgently rocked the cradle whileAnneke slept.


One afternoon dark clouds gathered overhead. The wind howled and rainpounded against the windmill. “We’ve been through many storms, haven’twe?” Nico said, scratching Katje’s head. Katje purred. The windmill sailswhirled and the great millstones turned.

“I won’t have a minute’s rest tillthe wind dies down,” Nico said.He had to keep grinding thegrain between the millstones. Ifthe stones rubbed together, thesparks could start a fire.

Katje rubbed against Nico’sleg. She would work for as longas he did. Nico pulled up heavybags of grain to the top of themill and watched the grain pourdown to the millstones. Katjeran up and down the ladder,and round and round the mill.She looked for mice who mightsneak in from the storm.


All night long the wind roared, the windmill shook and the millstonesgroaned. When morning finally came, the door flew open and Lena cameinto the mill with a basket of bread and herring for Nico’s breakfast. Katjedashed over to the house to see Anneke.

Suddenly, a crowd of villagers randown the road. “The dike has broken!The sea is flooding the village!” Churchbells clanged. Water rushed into thehouse. Katje jumped on Anneke’scradle.

Lena and Nico hurried out of the mill as the cradle swept out of the house.“Anneke!” cried Lena. “I’ll get the boat!” yelled Nico.


Katje and Anneke sped through the flooded streets in the cradle. Furniture,wagons and even houses swirled by. Some villagers stood on rooftops.Others climbed up the dike.

“There’s a cradle!”“I hope there’s no baby in it!”“It’s sure to tip over!”A wagon wheel whirled past and sent the cradle spinning.“Look, there’s Katje!”“It’s Anneke’s cradle!”

The cradle tipped back and forth. But Katje jumped from side to side andkept Anneke safe.


Finally the cradle bumped against the dike. The boat bumped next to it.

“Dear Anneke!” cried Nico as he took her from the cradle.“Darling Katje!” cried Lena, hugging her tightly.“Meow,” said Katje.

Anneke soon grew too big for her cradle, so Katje slept there on a soft quiltthat Lena made just for her.Katje had a busy life. She played with Annekeand chased mice in the windmill. Andwhen she came home at night, shealways remembered to lick her pawsbefore she stepped into the house.


After the Storm After the storm the villagers built a bigger, stronger dike to hold back the

sea. They named the new dike the Kinderdijk – which means ‘Children’sDike’ in Dutch. This was to remember the baby who was saved by thebrave cat.

Katje the Windmill Cat by Gretchen Woelfle, illustrated by Nicola Bayley. Published by Walker Books (2002).


1 When did Katje stop having such an easy life?

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2 Why did Katje leave a trail of white paw-prints?

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3 Nico and Lena were going to have a baby. What did Nico say ordo that tells you this?

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4 What did Katje think was more fun than chasing mice?

chasing seagulls sleeping on a soft pillow

playing with Anneke rescuing Anneke

5 Why didn’t Lena like Katje playing with Anneke?

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6 Why did Katje move into the windmill?

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7 Why did Katje only come into the house when everyone was sleeping?

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8 How did Nico know the storm was coming?

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9 Which word in the text makes the wind sound like an animal?

howled purred

gathered rubbed

10 Why did the sea flood the village?

..............................................................................................


11 Which words show you that the water was moving quickly?Tick 2.

whirled ...............

climbed ...............

stood ...............

swirled ...............

wheel ...............

12 How did Katje stop Anneke from falling out of the cradle?

..............................................................................................

13 How do you know that Lena liked Katje at the end of the story?

She let her bring She hugged dust into the house. Anneke.

She made a soft She brought quilt for her. Katje breakfast.

14 Why did Katje remember to lick her paws before going into the house?

because she liked because she wanted eating flour to please Lena

because it was because she had night time a busy life


15 Put these events in the right order by numbering them from 1-5.The first one has been done for you.

Katje moves into the windmill. ...............

Anneke is born. ...............

Katje is allowed to sleep in the cradle. ...............

Lena moves into the house. ......1.......

Katje keeps Anneke safe during the storm. ...............

16 How did the villagers try to make sure they were never flooded again?

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17 How do you know the villagers wanted to remember the baby?

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All About Diamonds Words that are in bold print are explained in the glossary.

De Beers Photographic Library

5


Which countries do diamonds come from?

Diamonds were first discovered in India hundreds of years ago, butthere are now more than twenty countries that produce and selldiamonds. Today, more diamonds are mined in Australia than anyother country in the world. Most of these diamonds are found in theKimberley area.

Diamonds are taken by aeroplane from the Kimberley area ofAustralia to Perth, where they are prepared, ready to be sold.

How are diamonds made?

Diamonds are crystals which are formed deep inside the earth. Thishappens more than 150 kilometres below the ground. Here, it isvery hot indeed and rocks are being very strongly squeezed from above.


A diamond mine. Huge machines are used to tunnel into the ground sothat the diamonds can be brought to the surface.


When the diamond crystals are found, they look quite dull and smooth.

Newly mined diamond

© 2001 The Natural History Museum, London.


How do you make a diamond sparkle and shine?

A diamond’s sparkle is called its fire. To make a diamond sparkle, ithas to be cut so that it reflects light. This is done by a speciallytrained diamond-cutter.

These steps show one way a diamond-cutter can change thediamond into a beautiful jewel.


How hard is a diamond?

Diamonds are very hard.

They are harder than glass, metal and wood. Metal wheels withdiamond edges are used to grind and cut diamonds. This isbecause diamonds are so hard that they can only be cut by otherdiamonds.

Using a machine to cut a diamond


Are all diamonds colourless?

Most diamonds are not coloured, but you can find red, green, pink,blue and yellow diamonds. Red and green diamonds are the mostexpensive coloured diamonds, because they are very unusual.

Coloured diamonds.



How much does a diamond cost?

Diamonds are very expensive. The price of a diamond depends onits colour, how clear it is, the way it has been cut, and its weight. Avery small diamond costs about £50, but a large diamond can costover £1 million.

What is the largest cut diamond in the world?

The ‘Cullinan I’ diamond is famous because it is the largest top-quality cut diamond in the world. It was found in South Africa, andis also known as the ‘Star of Africa.’

© Crown Copyright, Historic Royal Palaces


How do people use diamonds?

You may have seen diamond necklaces, rings and other jewellery.However, diamonds are not only used for decoration, they are alsoused in many other ways.

Diamond ring

Some saws, drills and polishers have diamonds in them.They are useful for these things because they are very hard, so theyare good at cutting things.

Diamonds can also be found in hospitals, in the special knivescalled scalpels, which doctors use for operations.

The scalpel has a blade made from metal and diamond dust.



Glossary

Diamond mine

A place where holes and tunnels are dug deep into the earth, sothat diamonds can be brought out of the ground.

Facets

The diamond-cutter grinds flat areas onto the diamond.These flat faces are called facets.

Jewels

Jewels are precious stones that are cut and used to decorate rings,necklaces, other jewellery and ornaments.

Scalpels

Knives with short blades, which are used in hospital operations.

All About Diamonds

1 (a) Where were diamonds first found?

India America

Australia England

(b) I found the answer on page ……………

6

2 (a) What are the two main uses of diamonds?

Tick 2 things.

making stones ……… decorating hospitals ………

weighing things ……… lighting fires ………

making jewellery ……… cutting things ………



3 (a) Why is the ‘Star of Africa’ a famous diamond?

It is from South Africa.

It is the biggesthigh-quality diamond.

It has not been cutand polished.

It is a colourlessdiamond.


4 What can make a diamond more expensive?

Write 2 different things.

a ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

b ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

5 Why is it difficult to cut diamonds?

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6 What does giving the diamond its fire mean?

selling it making it hot

making it sparkle digging it up

7 Put these sentences in the right order by numbering themfrom 1 to 5.

The first one has been done for you.

…………… The diamond-cutter starts to grind facets.

…………… The diamonds are made into jewellery.

…………… The diamond-cutter finishes grinding facets,so that the diamonds sparkle.

……1.……. Diamond crystals are dug up from the ground.

…………… The diamond-cutter cuts the diamond in half.


8 What happens in a diamond mine?

People sell diamonds.

People use machines todig up diamonds.

People colour diamonds.

People make diamondrings.

9 Tick or cross X these sentences about diamonds to showwhether they are true or not.

or XDiamonds are used in some tools.

Diamonds are harder than metal.

Most diamonds come from India.

All diamonds are colourless.

A diamond can cost over 1 million pounds.

10 Why are headings used in All About Diamonds?

They teach you aboutalphabetical order.

They tell you where thebook was made.

They show what informationis on the page.

They explain whatdifferent words mean.

11 Why is it helpful to have a glossary in All About Diamonds?

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A Flea in the Earby Stephen Wylie and Ken Brown

One moonlit night, as the spotted dog was lifting the flaps on theside of the chicken coop to make sure the hens were all tucked up inbed, he heard a twig snap in the woods nearby.“I know you’re out there, fox,” he barked. “Stay away from my hens.”

“Good evening,” said the wily fox politely, sauntering into the farmyard.“Back off,” said the dog, “or I’ll bite.”“You can’t imagine for one moment that I would dream of taking oneof your scrawny hens,” lied the fox. “I much prefer a nice, fat, juicy duck.”

7


“Well, that’s all right then,” said the dog, scratching his fleas. “Justremember what I said.”“I will,” said the fox, edging closer. “I see you have a spot offlea trouble.”“Don’t talk about it,” said the dog. “At this time of year it’s agony.”“I never have any trouble myself,” said the fox. “But then I know thesecret that keeps them away.”“What? You do?” asked the dog eagerly. “Please tell me.”“I couldn’t possibly,” the fox replied. “It’s a family secret.”

“Oh, please tell,” pleaded the dog. “I’ll give anything to get rid of myfleas.”“Anything?” asked the fox slyly.“Well, almost anything.”“I suppose I might be persuaded, in exchange for five or six of yourstringy birds.”“Definitely not,” said the dog indignantly. “I’d lose my job.”“Oh well,” said the fox, “suit yourself. Bye bye.”


The following afternoon the fox came back.“Good afternoon,” he said.“Hello,” growled the dog suspiciously.“I’ve been thinking things over,” said the fox, “and have decided totell you the secret for nothing. I couldn’t allow a fellow creature tosuffer so much pain.”

“That’s wonderful,” said the dog. “What do I have to do?”“It’s quite simple really. You just trot over the hill, down the otherside, through the gate and along the lane until you come to a pond.Walk into the water and, as it gets deeper, the fleas will climb upyour legs.Eventually, only your head will be dry and all the fleas will be on it.Take a deep breath and dunk your head under the water and allyour fleas will drown.”“Brilliant,” said the dog. “I’m surprised I never thought of it myself.”


“Off you go then,” said the fox. “I’ll watch the chickens while you’reaway. Just think of it, flea free for the first time in your life.”“I can hardly wait,” said the dog, and galloped off up the hill, throughthe gate, and down to the pond to drown his fleas.As he lowered himself into the water, he was astonished to hear avoice in his ear.“I know you are about to drown us,” said a flea, “but if you go back tothe bank, we will all jump off and promise never to bite you again.”

The dog paused for a moment.“Oh, very well. So long as you keep your word.”He walked back to the bank and all the fleas leapt off. The happydog went back home. When he got back, he found that the fox hadvanished and when he lifted the flaps he discovered that his henshad too.“Oh no,” howled the dog. “I’ll lose my job, I’ll be homeless.”He lay down in despair. When he felt a little better, he noticed a trailof feathers leading into the wood. He got up and followed it until hecame at last to the fox’s den.


He knocked on the door. The fox opened it.“Hello,” he said, pretending to be surprised. “What brings you here?”“I just dropped by,” said the dog, pretending to scratch, “to tell youthat I went for your flea cure, but I couldn’t get into the pond. It wasfull to the brim with fat, juicy ducks.”“It was?” asked the fox, licking his lips.

“Overflowing,” lied the dog. “I’ll try again later when they have gone.Bye bye.”“Goodbye,” said the fox, and closed the door.


The dog hid behind a tree. He hadn’t waited long before the foxcame out of his den with an empty sack slung over his shoulder.After a quick look round, he slunk off towards the pond…

…only to find when he got there, that there wasn’t a trace of the fat,juicy ducks the dog had said he’d seen. While he sat there indisbelief, all the fleas who had so nearly drowned leapt joyfully, butunnoticed, on to his neck.

Meanwhile, the dog had broken down the fox’s door and there, sureenough, he found a squawking bagful of his chickens. He gatheredthem up and took them back to their coop, determined never to letthem out of his sight again.

A Flea in the Ear by Stephen Wylie and Ken Brown. Published by Andersen Press.


A Flea in the Ear

Practice questions

A Where did the hens live?

in the pond in the field

in the woods in the coop

B How did the dog know that the fox was nearby?

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1 What is the main idea at the beginning of the story?

The fox wanted to teachthe dog a lesson.

The fox wanted the dog toask about his family.

The fox wanted to trickthe dog.

The fox wanted the dog tolook after the hens.

2 Why did the dog want to know the fox’s secret?

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3 What reason did the dog give for not letting the fox have his hens?

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4 What did the dog give the fox in exchange for his secret?

the chicken coop ducks

nothing money


5 What did the fox tell the dog was the last thing he needed todo to get rid of the fleas?

walk into the water

dunk his head underthe water

trot over the hill

take a deep breath

6 What did the dog discover when he got home?Write 2 things.

1. ..............................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................

7 Which of these words show you how upset the dog was?Tick 2 words.

vanished .............

howled .............

noticed .............

despair .............

paused .............

8 What made the dog take a walk into the woods?

He heard the fox.

He saw a trail offeathers.

He heard the hens.

He saw a trail ofducks.

9 How did the fox behave when the dog came knocking at his door?

He pretended tobe surprised.

He didn’t openthe door.

He told the dog togo away.

He gave thehens back.


10 Why did the fox take an empty sack with him when he went tothe pond?

....................................................................................................

11 Which words best describe what a squawking bagful ofchickens might be like?

noisy and happy noisy and restless

restless and quiet calm and quiet

12 What did the dog decide he would never do again?

....................................................................................................

13 a) How did the fox make the dog go to the pond?

....................................................................................................

b) How did the dog make the fox go to the pond?

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14 What kind of character is the fox in this story?Explain your answer.

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15 In this story who do you think is the cleverer, the dog or the fox?

the dog the fox

Explain your answer.

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Mark schemes

Grandfather’s Pencil and the Room of Stories

A Writing a letter (to his father).practice (AF2)

B His mother.practice (AF2)

2

1 It was peaceful.1 (AF5)

2 Scratchy, scribbly.1 (AF2)

3 Because it used to be a tree.1 (AF3)

Because the pencil is made out of wood.

4 They were (part of) a great ship/boat.They had travelled the sea.They were first floorboards for a great ship.

1 (AF3)

5 It blew the paper out of the window.It made the pencil fall on the floor.

Both ticked correctly for 1 mark3 correct = 2 marks (AF2)

6 Accept minor spelling errors and extra phrases.

Pitching.Rolling.Whirled.Danced.Tumbling.Swooping.Rolled.Dropped.Flew.

Also accept:

Swish.Madly.

Unacceptable: Whole copied out sentences, eg:The night wind whirled madly into the room.

2 correct = 1 mark1 correct = 0 marks (AF5)


7 He sailed the oceans/seas.He became a sailor/traveller.

Also accept:

He told stories (to his grandson).He lived in a house by the sea.

1 (AF2)

8 Award 1 mark for each reason. To say thank you (for his holiday).

To say that he had a good time.Because he had found the pencil.To use the same pencil his grandfather had told him about.To tell him about the other things beneath the floorboards.

Also accept:For the holiday.

Unacceptable: Because he liked writing letters.Because he lived far away.Because he missed/loved him.Because he was on holiday.

1 or 2 (AF2)

9 Many years ago.1 (AF3)

10 It tells the stories.1 (AF4)

11 Everything has a story to tell.1 (AF6)

12 Answers should identify an aspect of the story that relatesto a journey or journeys:

The things (pencil, paper, door, floorboards) had all madejourneys from the forest to the boy’s room.The paper/the stories made a journey back to the forest.Everything in the story had been on a journey.The boy who grew up to be a sailor made sea journeys.Jack was starting out on his own journey of life.The other items (button, pin, coin) must have made ajourney to end up under the floorboards.

Unacceptable: Answers that are very imprecise or that do not addanything to the information given in the question:Because it is about journeys.They go on journeys.It is about ships.

1 (AF3)



1 Award 1 mark for the following: When Nico got married/married Lena.When Nico had a wife/girlfriend.Because Lena came/moved in.Also accept references to Lena’s actions, up to this pointin the story, that make Katje’s life difficult:When Lena shooed her out/told her to go away.When she got shooed out.When Lena tried to sweep her.Because Lena said she was too dusty.When Lena slept on her pillow.

Unacceptable: References to the baby being born:When Anneke was born.When Nico’s wife had a baby.Because Lena was going to have a baby.

Incorrect answers or those referring to later events inthe story:When she was dusty/when she left paw-prints.When the storm came.When she saved Anneke.

1 (AF3)

4

2 Award 1 mark for references to the flour, or to Katje being dusty:She had flour on them/her paws.She went/walked in the flour.There was flour on the floor.Because the flour made dust.She had dust on her/she was dusty/she had dusty feet.She had been playing in the dust.Also accept answers which clearly state or imply thatKatje left the paw-prints in order to annoy Lena:Because she didn’t like Lena.She wanted to annoy Lena.She wanted to make the house dirty.So Lena would have to clean them up.

Unacceptable: Because Katje wouldn’t let Lena sweep her.She was dirty.

1 (AF3)

3 Award 1 mark for evidence relating to Nico’s words or actions, that indicate he is making a cradle:I’m making a cradle (for the baby).I am building a cot.He made/built a cradle.

Unacceptable: Minimal answers or those referring to the illustrations:Cradle.She had a big/fat tummy.

1 (AF3)


4 Playing with Anneke.1 (AF2)

5 Award 1 mark for references to Katje knocking the cradle: She thought she would knock/tip the cradle over.Because Katje kept rocking the cradle and might make thebaby fall out.She rocked the cradle side to side.Also accept answers referring to Katje making Anneke sneeze:She thought Anneke would sneeze.Because Katje will make her sneeze.She did not want the baby to sneeze.

Unacceptable: General answers that do not refer to the text:She thought she would hurt the baby/make her cry.Anneke would get a cold/cough.She got Anneke dirty/had dirty paws.She might break the cradle.Because she was too dusty.Because she said shoo Katje.

1 (AF3)

6 Award 1 mark for references to Lena’s actions making Katje feel unwanted:Because Lena shooed her away/Lena said shoo.Lena swept her out of the house/didn’t want her in the house.Because Lena shouted at her/told her off.Lena didn’t like her/was nasty to her/wasn’t nice to her.Lena wouldn’t let her sleep in the cradle/play with the baby.To get away from Lena/she didn’t like Lena.Because Lena didn’t call her back.She wasn’t having an easy life/her life was hard.

Unacceptable: General or minimal answers:Because of Lena.She was sad.To chase mice.

1 (AF3)


7 Award 2 marks for answers which show an understanding of Katje’s avoidance of Lena:So Lena wouldn’t tell her off/shoo her out/shout at her/sweep her.She would get told off/shooed out again.So she wasn’t caught (by Lena).So nobody will know/she didn’t want anyone to know.So no one would see/hear her.Because Lena didn’t like her/She was scared of Lena.Award 1 mark for answers referring to what Katje did atthe house, without showing an understanding of why sheonly came in at night:To rock the cradle.To see the baby/Anneke.

Unacceptable: So she could lie on the soft quilts.Because of Lena.Because she missed Nico.To play with Anneke.

1 or 2 (AF3)

8 Award 1 mark for reference to the following. There should be some indication of the severity of the weather:There were clouds gathering.There were dark/black/grey clouds.The wind howled/it was very windy/there was lots of wind.The windmills sails turned quickly/the windmill shook.Rain against the windmill/rain pounded/lots of rain.

Unacceptable: Minimal references to weather, which do notindicate the strength of the approaching storm:It was rainy/cloudy/windy.Because of the wind/rain/clouds.

Unacceptable: He saw the storm/it.There were people running down the road.The millstones turned/the windmill was moving.

1 (AF2)

9 Howled.1 (AF5)


10 Award 1 mark for references to either the broken dike or the strength of the storm/sea:The dike broke/was ruined/blew down.The dike was not strong enough.Because it broke the dike.The storm was so/very strong.The sea was strong and powerful.

Unacceptable: Minimal references to the weather, with noindication of severity, or vague answers:Because of the storm.Because of the water.Because it was raining.Because the wind blew the water.

1 (AF2)

11 Whirled.Swirled.

1 mark forboth words

ticked correctly (AF5)

12 Award 1 mark for references to Katje going from side toside/awareness of balancing the cradle:By jumping/moving/going side to side.She went from side to side.She jumped back and forth.She balanced it.She rocked the cradle.She stopped the cradle from tipping over/falling over.

Unacceptable: Minimal or incorrect answers:By lying/sitting on her.She moved the cradle/by moving the cradle.She kept Anneke safe.She got in the cradle/She jumped on the side.They bumped into a dike.By catching her.

1 (AF2)

13 She made a soft quilt for her.1 (AF3)

14 Because she wanted to please Lena.1 (AF3)

15 Katje moves into the windmill.......................................3Anneke is born...............................................................2Katje is allowed to sleep in the cradle...........................5Lena moves into the house..........................................1Katje keeps Anneke safe during the storm...................4

1 mark forall correctly

numbered (AF4)


16 Award 1 mark for answers which make reference to animproved dike or imply a comparison:They made a bigger/stronger/better/higher/thicker dike.They built a new dike/another dike.Also accept answers that imply the dike is protective, butdo not explicitly make a comparison:They built a big/strong dike.By using rock to make the dike.

Unacceptable: Answers which do not refer explicitly to dikes,or those which do not suggest an improved dike:They built a stronger one/they made it better.They built a dike/kinderdijk.

1 (AF3)

17 Award 1 mark for references to the name of the dike:Because they named the dike Kinderdijk.They (made a dike and) called it Kinderdijk/Children’s dike.They called the new dike children’s dike.They named the dike after her/the baby.They gave the dike a special name.

Unacceptable: Because the cat saved the baby.They built a new/stronger dike.Kinderdijk.They made a children’s dike.

1 (AF3)

All About Diamonds

1 a India1

b I found the answer on page 4.1

2 a Answers must identify both correct options,and no more than two, in order to gain a mark.

Making jewelleryCutting things

1


6

3 a It is the biggest high quality diamond.1



4 Award one mark for any one of the following, and two marks fortwo of the following:

Its colour.How clear it is.The way it has been cut.Its weight (size).

1 or 2

5 They are very hard.They are harder than glass / metal / wood.They can only be cut by other diamonds.

1

6 Making it sparkle.1

7 3, 5, 4, 1, 21

8 People use machines to dig up diamonds.1

9 Award two marks if all five are correctly identified; award one mark ifthree or four are correctly identified.

Diamonds are used in some tools.

Diamonds are harder than metal.

Most diamonds come from India. X

All diamonds are colourless. X

A diamond can cost over 1 millionpounds.

1

10 They show what information is on the page.1

11 Answers should be specific to the function of a glossary, referring towords, meaning or understanding rather than phrased in broad termssuch as ‘to help you’ or ‘it tells you information’.

To explain what (different/difficult/unusual) words mean.So they know what it means.To help you understand (the book).It tells you what a facet is.You might not know the word.Some words are difficult to understand.

1


A Flea in the Ear

A In the coop.practice (AF2)

B The dog/he heard a twig snap.practice (AF3)

1 The fox wanted to trick the dog.1 (AF3)

2 Because fleas make him itchy.He wanted to get rid of his fleas.

Also accept:Because of his fleas.

1 (AF3)

3 He would lose his job.1 (AF2)

Also accept:He would be homeless.

Unacceptable: Because the fox wanted to eat his hens.

8

4 Nothing.1 (AF2)

5 Dunk his head under the water.1 (AF2)

6 Award 1 mark for each of the following:The fox had gone/vanished.The hens had gone/vanished.

Also accept:He knew he had been tricked • the fox had lied to him.He saw a trail (of feathers) • he found feathers (from the hens).

Also accept answers where two correct points are given in one line, eg:The fox and the hens had gone (2 marks).The fox had taken the hens (2 marks).

Unacceptable: Never trust a fox.The fox had eaten the hens.

1 mark for eachcorrect answer

(up to 2 marks) (AF2)


7 vanished howled

noticed despair

paused1 mark for both

words tickedcorrectly (AF5)

8 He saw a trail of feathers.1 (AF2)

9 He pretended to be surprised.1 (AF2)

10 Accept answers that indicate the fox was expecting to findducks at the pond or that the fox was going to fill the sackwith ducks, eg:

He was expecting to find the juicy ducks that the dog had said.To put the ducks in.

Also accept:Just in case the dog was right.

Unacceptable: Imprecise answers or answers that refer toa wrong part of the story, eg:To fill it up.Because he had to take the hens out.

1 (AF3)

11 Noisy and restless.1 (AF5)

12 Leave the hens alone.Let the hens out of his sight.

Unacceptable: answers that refer to the dog not allowingthe fox to harm the hens in future, eg:The dog/he would never let the fox look afterthe hens again.He would never trust the fox again.

1 (AF2)


13 (a) The fox told him how to get rid of his fleas (by dunkinghis head in the pond).The fox/he told him the fleas would go.

Also accept:The fox told the dog a secret.By telling him how not to have an itch.

Also accept minimal answers along the lines of:To get all his fleas off.

Unacceptable: The fox tricked the dog.1 (AF3)

(b) The dog/he told the fox that the pond was full of juicy ducks.By pretending that there were fat, juicy ducks there.

Also accept minimal answers along the lines of:To eat the ducks.

Unacceptable: The dog tricked the fox.1 (AF3)

14 Award 1 mark for a simple description of appropriatecharacteristics, eg:A bad fox.Sly and cunning.Sneaky and greedy.Mean.Clever.

Also award 1 mark for a simple description of behaviourthat does not specify a characteristic, eg:He lies to the dog.He tricks the dog.

Award 2 marks for description backed up by referenceto the text, eg:A cunning fox who played tricks on the dog.A sly fox who made the dog go to the pond (so he couldtake the hens).Greedy because he pretended he would look after thehens so he could steal them.A sly crafty fox. He said he would look after thechickens but he took them home instead while the dogwas at the pond.Mean because he stole the dog’s chickens when he saidhe would look after them.

1 or 2 (AF3)


15 Either dog or fox may be ticked. Award the mark forappropriate justification, eg:Dog - because the dog tricked the fox to go to the pondso the dog could get his hens back.Dog - because he listened to the fleas. He waited untilthe right moment to play his trick.Dog - because he knew that if he followed the trail offeathers he would find his hens.Dog - because he was not easy to trick.Dog - because he got his hens back in the end.Dog - because in the end he had the hens.Fox - because he knows if the dog leaves the coop hecan catch the chickens.Fox - because he knew how to get rid of fleas.

Also accept where the child has ticked neither box withappropriate justification, eg:They are about as clever as each other because the dogbelieved the fox when he said go to the pond and thesame with the fox.

Also accept minimal answers referring to either the dog orfox playing a trick, eg:Dog - because he tricked the fox.Fox - because he tricked the dog.

Unacceptable: Answers with little justification, eg:Dog - because he is good/the best.Fox - because he is sly/crafty.

1 (AF6)


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