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Transcript of 1 Energy and Matter. 2 The three major temperature scales. Absolute Zero Room Temperature 70 F or...
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Energy and Energy and MatterMatter
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The three major temperature scales.The three major temperature scales.
Absolute Zero
Room Temperature70 F or 21 C
K = C + 273
C = K - 273
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The three states of water:The three states of water:
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Changes in MatterChanges in MatterPhysical changesPhysical changes Crushing, tearing, cuttingCrushing, tearing, cutting
Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties Boiling point, Freezing point, color, stateBoiling point, Freezing point, color, state Can be observed without changing substance’s Can be observed without changing substance’s
compositioncomposition
Chemical changesChemical changes Burning, cooking, chemical reactions, rustingBurning, cooking, chemical reactions, rusting In chemical reactions:In chemical reactions:
Color change, precipitate, bubbling, gas produced, smellColor change, precipitate, bubbling, gas produced, smell
Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties Reactivity in a chemical reactionReactivity in a chemical reaction
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The three forms of the element carbon:The three forms of the element carbon:
These are Allotropes!
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.
• An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom.
• A compound is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.
Chapter 1
Classification of Matter• A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter,
each of which retains its own identity and properties. • mixed together physically• can usually be separated
• Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions • uniform in composition (salt-water solution)
• Heterogeneous mixtures• not uniform throughout (clay-water mixture)
Chapter 1
Classifying Matter
Section 2 Matter and Its PropertiesChapter 1
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MatterThe The
organization organization of matterof matter
SubstancesMixture of
Substances
Element CompoundHomogeneous
Mixture(Solution)
HeterogeneousMixture
Can beSeparatedPhysically
Can beSeparatedChemically
Types of Mixtures
Chapter 1
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Twenty-four-karat gold is an elementTwenty-four-karat gold is an elementEighteen-karat gold is an alloy. Eighteen-karat gold is an alloy. Fourteen-karat gold is an alloy.Fourteen-karat gold is an alloy.
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Filtration Filtration separates separates
a liquid a liquid from a from a solid.solid.
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No chemical change occurs when salt water is No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.distilled.
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Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.
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DistillationDistillation
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Electrolysis, the Electrolysis, the decomposition of decomposition of
water by an water by an electric current, is electric current, is
a chemical a chemical process.process.
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A Mixture: The composition of air.A Mixture: The composition of air.
DensityDensity
Density = Density = Mass Mass kgkg g g kgkg Volume Volume mm33 cmcm33 L L
Low density mass immersed in higher Low density mass immersed in higher density fluid risesdensity fluid rises
High density mass immersed in lower High density mass immersed in lower density fluid sinks density fluid sinks
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Tank of water.Tank of water.
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Person submerged in the tank.Person submerged in the tank.
Difference Between Mass and WeightDifference Between Mass and Weight
Mass is the measurement of the amount of Mass is the measurement of the amount of matter in an objectmatter in an object
Weight depends on the gravity where the mass Weight depends on the gravity where the mass is locatedis located
Your mass is the same on the moon or earthYour mass is the same on the moon or earth
You will weigh 1/6 as much as on the moon as You will weigh 1/6 as much as on the moon as on the earthon the earth The gravity on the moon is 1/6 that of the earthThe gravity on the moon is 1/6 that of the earth
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EnergyEnergy
Potential Energy depends on an object’s Potential Energy depends on an object’s positionposition
Kinetic Energy depends on an object’s Kinetic Energy depends on an object’s motion motion
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Forms of EnergyForms of Energy
•Thermal EnergyThermal Energy•Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy•Chemical EnergyChemical Energy•Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy•Electromagnetic EnergyElectromagnetic Energy
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MatterMatterAnything that has mass and volumeAnything that has mass and volumeFour states of matterFour states of matter
SolidSolid GoldGoldRetains Retains ShapeShape HighHigh Little ChangeLittle Change
LiquidLiquid WaterWaterTakes Shape Takes Shape of Containerof Container HighHigh Little ChangeLittle Change
GasGas NitrogenNitrogenTakes Shape Takes Shape of Containerof Container LowLow
Compresses Compresses under under
PressurePressure
PlasmaPlasma Interior of Interior of SunSun
Contained by Contained by magnetic magnetic
fieldfieldLowLow
Compresses Compresses under under
PressurePressure
WhenExample Shape Density Pressurized