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Data Link RoadmapOverview

Mike Shorthose, Helios Technology Jorge Grazina, European Commission

25 September 2002

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Overview

Purpose of the study

Team

Approach

Conclusions of ATM application analysis

ATM application roadmap

Stakeholder input

Technical requirements

Current status

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Purpose of the study

Study to develop a roadmap for the implementation of data link services in European Air Traffic Management (ATM) study launched by Single European Sky unit of the Directorate

General for Energy and Transport (DG TREN) due for completion by end 2002

Develop plan for deployment of data link applications and technologies for ATM in Europe formulating a strategy for future implementation programmes recommending the selection of future datalink applications, based

on benefits recommending the selection of technologies, based on the ability to

support the selected applications

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Purpose of the study

Key aim is to develop a strategy that can be widely supported by all stakeholders extensive consultation with all interested stakeholders peer review of all deliverables by ANS Providers, airspace

user associations and manufacturers public workshops, scheduled for July 2002 and November

2002.

Interested parties who wish to participate in the peer review process or to receive information, are requested to register at the study website www.datalinkroadmap.com.

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Study team

Core team Airbus Helios Technology (lead) IATA Integra Sofreavia

Other partners AENA IAA LFV/Swedavia Mitre NATS University of Leiden

Eurocontrol review input expert assistance

Peer Review Group review of deliverables participation in stakeholder

workshop

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Study Approach

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Evolution of ATM applications

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Identify ATM applications

Identify ATM applications needing communication services could be implemented within European airspace before 2015

Progressive delegation ofresponsibility to pilot

Airborne separationAirborne spacingAirborne self-

separation

Finalapproachspacing

Departurespacing

Crossingand

passing inen-routeairspace

Airbornespacing inen-route

andterminalairspace

Operationalcontext

Operationalconcept

ATMapplication

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ATM application assessment

Assess which ATM applications offer most benefit to stakeholders multi-criteria analysis benefit calculations for combinations of ATM applications

Analyse implementation constraints multi-criteria analysis for impact on ATM infrastructure impact on the timescales for implementation

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Selection of ATM applicationsOperational

context

Operationalconcept

ATMapplication

ATMapplication

Package 1 Package 2 Package 3Technical

requirements

Evolving technical requirements

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Timeline and technical requirements

Select those ATM applications which provide the best balance between benefits and implementation constraints;

Propose an initial timeline for the implementation of the ATM applications;

Provide technical requirements for the data links required to support the ATM applications in the period up to 2010 taking account of the need to prepare for a later extension of the

data link infrastructure in the period 2010 – 2015;

Obtain stakeholder endorsement of the selected ATM applications, the initial timeline and the technical requirements

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Completion of Phase 1

Results in “ATM Application Roadmap

Widespread consultation and review peer review group stakeholder workshop operators, service providers, industry represented

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Phase 2

Assessment of technologies ability to meet technical requirements cost assessment industrial impact

Derivation of technology roadmap

Community actions

2nd Stakeholder Workshop documentation to be provided by end of October expect workshop to be held in November

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ATM Application Analysis

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Traffic growth

Traffic will continue to grow and is expected to at least double by 2015

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Operating costs and airline profits

Airlines are incurring increasing costs and decreasing profits

All units in $ per hour Cost per hour

Ground cost of ATFM delay

Cost per additional hour of flight time

Flight deck crew 517 517 517

Fuel and Oil 543   543

Flight equipment insurance 20 20 20

Maintenance and overhaul 683   683

Flight equipment depreciation

464 464  

Rentals 439 439 439

Landing charges 490    

En-route charges 419    

Total 3574 1440 2202

Eur/min   21.2 32.4

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High level benefits expected by airspace users

Airspace users need 4 main qualities of service: Safety Capacity Flight efficiency Cost-effectiveness

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Provision of en-route capacity

Automation of current control paradigm has short term potential but will saturate in the medium

term

Delegation of responsibility to the pilot has the potential to provide substantial increases in

capacity in en-route and remote regions

Steps development of tools introduction of spacing trajectory coordination self-separation

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En-route

Selected ATM applications for en-route region provide initial automation of current control paradigm

– 2004 – 2007: downlink of aircraft data– 2006 – 2010: automation of air/ground communication

early introduction of spacing applications– 2006 – 2010: airborne spacing, crossing and passing

leading to widespread adoption of airborne separation and self-separation

– 2011 – 2015: introduction of separation– 2013 – 2018: self-separation leading to free flight

supported by increased delivery of information to aircraft– route availability– wide range of uplink services

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ATM application roadmap for en-route capacity

Progressive delegation ofresponsibility to pilot

OC10: Airborne separation

OC9: Airborne spacing

OC11: Airborne self-separation

APP9b: Crossingand passing in en-

route airspace

APP9a: Airbornespacing in en-route

and terminalairspace

OC1: Provision of informationfrom aircraft

OC2: Enhanced communicationefficiency

OC4: Provision of information toaircraft

OC7: Dynamic route availability

Enhanced aircraft operations

Enhanced airspace organisationand management

APP1a: Enhancedsurveillance in terminal anden-route airspace, limited

additional information beingdisplayed to the controller

APP1b: Enhancedsurveillance in terminal anden-route airspace providing

a wider range of DAPs

APP1c: Enhancedsurveillance accuracy for

automation tools in terminaland en-route airspace

APP2c: Support forincreased

automation

APP2b: Strategiccontroller/pilot

messages

APP2a: Pilotpreferences data

link

APP4b: Provision of fullrange of uplink

information services

APP7a: Provision ofinformation on route

availability

APP10b: Airborneseparation in enrouteand terminal airspace

APP11b: Autonomousoperations in FFAS

APP11a: Cluster control inATC managed airspace

2004 - 2007 2006 - 2010 2011 - 2015 2013 - 2018

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Terminal and airport region

Potential for delegation more limited in terminal areas planned arrival time into terminal areas assisted by ground holding use of spacing to optimise flows on approach and

departure use of data link to provide enhanced surface

surveillance and routing

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Terminal and airport region

Selected ATM applications for busy terminal and airport regions provide automation of current control paradigm

– 2004 – 2010: increased use of downlink parameters– 2004 – 2007: delivery of strategic clearances– 2011 – 2015: automation of tactical communication

planned arrival time into terminal area– 2013 – 2018: trajectory negotiation

widespread use of RNAV routes and spacing applications– 2006 –2010: spacing including enhanced visual approaches and final

approach spacing– 2011 – 2015: departure spacing– 2013 – 2018: final approach separation

use of data link to provide enhanced surface surveillance and routing

– 2006 – 2015: enhanced IMC operations, fusion of radar data and ADS, delivery of routing information

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ATM application roadmap for terminal and airport regions

Progressive delegation ofresponsibility to pilot

OC10: Airborne separation

OC9: Airborne spacingAPP9c: Final approach

spacingAPP9d: Departure spacing

APP9a: Airbornespacing in en-route and

terminal airspace

OC1: Provision ofinformation from aircraft

OC2: Enhancedcommunication efficiency

OC3: Air traffic situationawareness

OC4: Provision ofinformation to aircraft

OC12: ATSAW on ground

OC13: ATC surveillance andA-SMGCS

Enhanced aircraftoperations

Enhanced airport surfaceservices

APP1a: Enhancedsurveillance in

terminal and en-routeairspace, limited

additional informationbeing displayed to the

controller

APP1b: Enhancedsurveillance in terminaland en-route airspace

providing a wider rangeof DAPs

APP1c: Enhancedsurceillance accuracyfor automation tools interminal and en-route

airspace

APP2d: Trajectorynegotiation

APP2c: Support forincreased automation

APP2b: Strategiccontroller/pilot

messages

APP3c: Enhancedvisual approaches

APP4b: Provision of fullrange of uplink information

services

APP10c: Finalapproach

separationAPP12c: Enhanced IMCairport surface operations

APP13c: Routing

APP13a: Fusion of currentterminal and/or surfaceradar with alternativesurveillance means

2004 - 2007 2006 - 2010 2011 - 2015 2013 - 2018

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Safety enhancing ATM applications

Selected ATM applications providing an airborne picture reducing misunderstanding in air/ground communications

Airport safety 2005 – 2006: Enhanced visual approaches 2006 – 2007: Surface enhanced visual acquisition 2006 – 2007: Runway and final approach occupancy awareness

Terminal area safety 2004 – 2005: Enhanced surveillance in terminal and en-route

airspace, limited additional information being displayed to the controller

2005 – 2006: Enhanced visual acquisition (EVA) in terminal airspace

2006 – 2007: Runway and final approach occupancy awareness

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Safety enhancing ATM applications

En-route and remote regions 2004 – 2005: Enhanced surveillance in terminal and en-

route airspace, limited additional information being displayed to the controller

2005 – 2007: Enhanced surveillance in terminal and en-route airspace providing a wider range of DAPs

2007 – 2008: Enhanced visual acquisition (EVA) in en-route airspace

2007 – 2008: Traffic situational awareness in core and transitional en-route airspace

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Oceanic and remote regions

Selected ATM applications for oceanic and remote regions Focus on supporting more efficient trajectories 2008 – 2010: Airborne separation in oceanic and remote

airspace 2008 – 2010: Basic surveillance infrastructure via ADS-B

in remote regions 2004 onwards: ATS in oceanic/remote areas

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ATM applications for cost effectiveness

Other selected ATM applications may provide cost effective alternatives to current infrastructure 2008 – 2010: Fusion of current radar and ADS-B

surveillance in terminal and en-route airspace 2011 – 2015: ATC surveillance using ADS-B in terminal

and en-route airspace 2005 – 2013: ATC surveillance using ADS-B at airports

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Stakeholder input

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Stakeholder input

General stakeholder support has been received for the ATM application roadmap, although a number of issues will need to be addressed in the planning and execution of the programme implementation timescales for spacing/separation/self-

separation greater emphasis on 4D trajectory negotiation need for mandation and associated delays global interoperability higher priority for strategic air/ground communication

These issues to be addressed during Phase 2

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Relationship to JAFTI

JAFTI: Joint User Requirements Group (JURG) ADS Fast Track Initiative (JAFTI) Extended Visual Acquisition (EVA) Improved Approach Spacing (CDTI Enhanced Flight Rules-CEFR) Approach Spacing – Time Based Separation Improved Airport Surface Surveillance and Communications Support for Improved Medium Term Conflict Detection (MTCD) and

Conflict Resolution Advisor (CORA) En-route Crossing Improved tracks (accuracy and update rate) Use of ADS-B for double or triple surveillance coverage

ATM application roadmap compatible with JAFTI applications greater emphasis on use of separation by JAFTI:

– to maintain approach rates during poor weather conditions;– to provide time-based separation on the approach.

needs earlier implementation of APP10c (final approach separation)

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ADS-B applications package 1

CARE/ASAS Activity 5: proposals for a first package of GS/AS applications

Provide a good starting point for the ATM application roadmap

More rapid progress on some ATM applications must be made if the timescales for delivery of benefits are to be met earlier use of spacing en-route need for firm proposals for introduction of separation

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ADS-B applications package 1

Provide a good starting point for the ATM application roadmap

More rapid progress on some ATM applications must be made if the timescales for delivery of benefits are to be met earlier use of spacing en-route need for firm proposals for introduction of separation

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Technical Requirements

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Technical requirements

ATM Application roadmap used to derive a timeline for data link applications technical requirements to be used to assess technologies in

Phase 2 of study assessment framework developed

– ability to meet requirements

– costs

– industrial impact

– stakeholder acceptance

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Air - ground point to pointData Link Application Category

ADAP-0 D-FIS-0 ADS-C-0 ADS-C-1 ADS-C-2 CPDLC-0 CPDLC-1

ATM Applications

APP2a APP4a, APP4b

APP2b, APP7a

APP14b APP2d APP2b APP2c, APP3a, APP3b, APP3c, APP3d, APP9a, APP9b, APP9c, APP9d, APP10a, APP10b, APP10c, APP11a, APP11b, APP13c

Time Criticality

Medium Medium Low Medium High Medium High

Priority Strategic Strategic Strategic Strategic Tactical Strategic Tactical

Integrity Medium High Medium High High Medium High

Availability Medium High High High Very High

High High

Exchange Size Short Long Long Very Short

Long Short Short

Message Frequency

Low Low Low Medium Low Medium Medium or Low

Throughput Sporadic Sporadic Sporadic or

Isolated

Contin-uous

Sporadic Regular Regular or Sporadic

Timescale 2006 - 2007

2006 – 2010

2002 – 2009

2004 – 2004

2009 – 2012

2002 - 2004

2007 -2018

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Air – air point to point

Data Link Application Category

AADE-0

ATM Applications APP11a, APP11b

Time Criticality Very High

Priority Tactical

Integrity High

Availability High

Exchange Size Medium

Message Frequency

Low

Throughput Sporadic

Timescale 2013 - 2018

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Air – ground broadcast

Data Link Application Category

ADAP-0 ADAP-1 ADS-B-A0 ADS-B-A2 ADS-B-S0 ADS-B-S1

ATM Applications

APP2a APP1a, APP1b, APP1c

APP1d APP1e, APP14a

APP13a APP13b

Time Criticality

Medium High Very High Very High Very High Very High

Priority Strategic Tactical Tactical Tactical Tactical Tactical

Integrity Medium Medium Medium High Medium High

Availability Medium High High Very High High Very High

Exchange Size Short Very Short Very Short Very Short Very Short Very Short

Message Frequency

Low High High High Very High Very High

Throughput Sporadic Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous

Timescale 2006 – 2007

2004 – 2007 2008 – 2010 2011 – 2015 2007 – 2009 2006 – 2013

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Ground - air broadcast

Data Link Application Category

TIS-B-0 TIS-B-1 TIS-B-2 D-FIS-0

ATM Applications

APP3b, APP3c, APP3d

APP9a, APP9b, APP9c, APP9d

APP10a, APP10b, APP10c

APP4a, APP4b

Time Criticality

Very High Very High Very High Medium

Priority Tactical Tactical Tactical Strategic

Integrity Medium High High High

Availability High High Very High High

Exchange Size

Very Short Very Short Very Short Long

Message Frequency

High High High Low

Throughput Continuous Continuous Continuous Sporadic

Timescale 2005 - 2008

2006 - 2009 2008 - 2015

2006 - 2010

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Air-air broadcastData Link Application Category

ADS-B-A0 ADS-B-A1 ADS-B-A2 ADS-B-S0 ADS-B-S1

ATM Applications

APP3a, APP3b, APP3c, APP3d

APP9a, APP9b, APP9c, APP9d

APP10a, APP10b, APP10c, APP11a, APP11b

APP12a, APP12b

APP12c

Time Criticality

Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

Priority Tactical Tactical Tactical Tactical Tactical

Integrity Medium High High High High

Availability High High Very High High Very High

Exchange Size Very Short Very Short Very Short Very Short Very Short

Message Frequency

High High High Very High Very High

Throughput Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous

Timescale 2005 – 2008 2006 – 2009 2008 – 2018 2006 – 2007 2007 - 2009

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Current status

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Current status

Phase 1 complete

Phase 2 technical assessments in progress technical selection community measures production of technology roadmap Stakeholder workshop – November 2002