1

Conference on Micronutrient Fortification Conference on Micronutrient Fortification of Foods: Science, Application & of Foods: Science, Application &

ManagementManagementSponsored by International Life Sciences Institute-India Sponsored by International Life Sciences Institute-India Co-Sponsored by Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Co-Sponsored by Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India and National Institute of NutritionGovernment of India and National Institute of Nutrition

The Gujarat Food The Gujarat Food Fortification ProgrammeFortification Programme

Presentation byThe Gujarat State Civil Supplies Corporation Ltd.

Gandhinagar, Gujarat.

Article 47 and Food Article 47 and Food SecuritySecurity

• Article 47Article 47 (Directive Principles)(Directive Principles) - “State - “State shall regard the raising of the level of shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties…”health as among its primary duties…”

• FAO -FAO - Food security exists when all people, Food security exists when all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (Website).and healthy life (Website).

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Hidden hunger-The Need for Hidden hunger-The Need for Essential Essential MicronutrientsMicronutrients

• Micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger – is widespread Micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger – is widespread apart from the problem of generalized protein energy apart from the problem of generalized protein energy malnutrition (PEM). malnutrition (PEM).

• Impact most on -Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, the Impact most on -Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, the young adolescents, infants and preschool children, school age young adolescents, infants and preschool children, school age childrenchildren

• Lifecyclical vulnerability.Lifecyclical vulnerability.

• Poor most affected by micronutrient deficiencies, but affluent Poor most affected by micronutrient deficiencies, but affluent groups not spared due to faulty food habits.groups not spared due to faulty food habits.

• General need to tackle the problems of iron-folic acid and General need to tackle the problems of iron-folic acid and protein deficiencyprotein deficiency

• Cost effective strategies to reduce these deficiencies are Cost effective strategies to reduce these deficiencies are available.available.

• One of the key strategies for control of these deficiencies - food One of the key strategies for control of these deficiencies - food fortification. fortification.

Under weight PopulationUnder weight PopulationNational Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Gujarat Survey (2006) National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Gujarat Survey (2006)

• Adult Men 26%, Adult Men 26%,

• Adult Women 30%, Adult Women 30%,

• 6-60 months children 54%6-60 months children 54%

• 10-13 yrs children 50%, 10-13 yrs children 50%,

• 14-17 yrs children 23%14-17 yrs children 23%

•> 25% people cross section is underweight •This rate will be higher among poor population

Food and nutrient intakeFood and nutrient intakeNational Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Gujarat survey National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau Gujarat survey (2006)(2006)

• Daily per consumption unit Pulses intake is 50%, this will be even lower in poor families looking at the cost of pulses

• Total calorie intake is 2/3 of recommended allowance. • Food energy intake at household level is now given

prominence as food security measure • In poor families Animal protein as a source is low and they

depend on vegetarian protein • To provide good quality protein to them cereal, pulse

combination is important

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Observations from NFHS-IIIObservations from NFHS-IIIKey Indicators for Gujarat from NFHS-3

ResidenceSr. Particulars NFHS-3 Urban Rural NFHS-2 NFHS-1

(2005-2006) (1998-1999) (1992-1993)1 Child Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Children

Childern under 3 Years who are stunted (%) 49.2 42.4 52.7 52.0 50.1Childern under 3 Years who are wasted (%) 19.7 16.7 21.3 20.3 23.9Childern under 3 Years who are underweight (%) 41.1 35.7 44.4 41.6 42.7

2 Anaemia among Children and AdultsChieldren age 6-35 months who are anaemic (%) 79.8 73.8 83.6 74.5 NAEver-married women age 15-49 who are anaemic (%) 55.5 50.5 59.2 46.3 NAPregnant women age 15-49 who are anaemic (%) 60.8 59.1 61.7 47.4 NAEver-married men age 15-49 who are anaemic (%) 22.1 16.3 26.2 NA NA

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ADVANTAGES OF FOOD ADVANTAGES OF FOOD FORTIFICATIONFORTIFICATION

• Consistent Delivery Maximizes Benefit Consistent Delivery Maximizes Benefit

• Safety in Low Daily DosesSafety in Low Daily Doses

• Minimal Behavior ChangeMinimal Behavior Change

• Enhances Health & Nutrition StrategiesEnhances Health & Nutrition Strategies

• Transfers Costs of Protecting Health to sectors otherwise Transfers Costs of Protecting Health to sectors otherwise not involvednot involved

• Cost EffectiveCost Effective

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Food Fortification - Gujarat ModelFood Fortification - Gujarat Model• Based on Public-Private Participation Model with involvement Based on Public-Private Participation Model with involvement

of society. of society. • Stakeholders: State Government and its agencies, the Stakeholders: State Government and its agencies, the

Private Sector's oil producers, refineries and packers, Roller Private Sector's oil producers, refineries and packers, Roller Flour Millers’ Association and its member millsFlour Millers’ Association and its member mills

• The fortification began in open market with private public The fortification began in open market with private public partnership.partnership.

• In the first phase, Govt. decided that about 2.5 lakh tons of In the first phase, Govt. decided that about 2.5 lakh tons of wheat, which is sold in open market shall be made into wheat, which is sold in open market shall be made into wheat flour and the same may be fortified with pre-mixed wheat flour and the same may be fortified with pre-mixed iron and folic acidiron and folic acid

• Initially Micronutrient Initiative (MI) – NGO of Canada also Initially Micronutrient Initiative (MI) – NGO of Canada also supported this programme technically and financially. World supported this programme technically and financially. World Food Programme also provided free premix to the small atta Food Programme also provided free premix to the small atta chakkies of Surendranagar and Surat districts. chakkies of Surendranagar and Surat districts.

• Based on the experience, fortification of items of daily food Based on the experience, fortification of items of daily food intake like wheat, edible oil, salt through basic Govt. intake like wheat, edible oil, salt through basic Govt. programmes – Public Distribution System (PDS), Integrated programmes – Public Distribution System (PDS), Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) and Mid-day Meal (MDM) Child Development Scheme (ICDS) and Mid-day Meal (MDM) scheme.scheme.

9

Food Fortification - Gujarat ModelFood Fortification - Gujarat Model

• Role of the Government as catalyst to the project Role of the Government as catalyst to the project • Based on partnership, not legislation.Based on partnership, not legislation.• Success in markets lead to internalise this programme to PDS, Success in markets lead to internalise this programme to PDS,

MDM, ICDS with fortified flour and oil to remove deficiencies MDM, ICDS with fortified flour and oil to remove deficiencies of iron/folic acid and Vitamin –A & D.of iron/folic acid and Vitamin –A & D.

• Most of the population being vegetarian, to fight against Most of the population being vegetarian, to fight against protein deficiency, model was further adopted to include protein deficiency, model was further adopted to include Defatted Soya Flour fortification – Food to Food Fortification. Defatted Soya Flour fortification – Food to Food Fortification.

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Food Fortification – Overview of Food Fortification – Overview of SchemesSchemesAreas:Areas:• To fight against malnutrition through medium of Food To fight against malnutrition through medium of Food

Fortification, Government of Gujarat with GSCSC as an Fortification, Government of Gujarat with GSCSC as an implementing agency has started following implementing agency has started following programmes:programmes:– Fortification of Edible Oil in Open Market and Welfare SchemesFortification of Edible Oil in Open Market and Welfare Schemes– Fortification of Wheat Flour with Iron & Folic Acid (IFA) in Open Fortification of Wheat Flour with Iron & Folic Acid (IFA) in Open

Market and TPDSMarket and TPDS– Fortification of Wheat Flour with vitamins & multi Fortification of Wheat Flour with vitamins & multi

micronutrients under ICDS & MDMmicronutrients under ICDS & MDM– Fortification of Wheat Flour with IFA & Toasted Defatted Soya Fortification of Wheat Flour with IFA & Toasted Defatted Soya

Flour (TDSF) under PDSFlour (TDSF) under PDS– Fortification of Wheat Flour with Vitamins, multi micronutrients Fortification of Wheat Flour with Vitamins, multi micronutrients

& Toasted Defatted Soya Flour (TDSF) under ICDS & MDM& Toasted Defatted Soya Flour (TDSF) under ICDS & MDM– Fortification of Salt under ICDS & PDSFortification of Salt under ICDS & PDS– Distribution of Nutri Candy under ICDS & MDMDistribution of Nutri Candy under ICDS & MDM

Steps forward for programme improvements:Steps forward for programme improvements:• Studies, Seminars, Quality Specifications, Quality Studies, Seminars, Quality Specifications, Quality

assurance methods, Monitoring and Evaluation. assurance methods, Monitoring and Evaluation.

Phases of the programPhases of the program

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Food Fortification Programmes in Gujaratthrough Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs Department(Implementing agency: The Gujarat State Civil Supplies Corporation Ltd.)

Starting Initiative implementation Year2005 Fortification of Edible Oil - Pilot Project in Open Market2006 Fortification of Edible Oil in Open Market2006 Fortification of Edible Oil in Welfare Schemes2006 Fortification of Wheat Flour with Iron & Folic Acid (IFA) in Open Market

2006Fortification of Wheat Flour with vitamins & multi micronutrients (9) under ICDS - Pilot Project at Daskroi Taluka - Ahmedabad District

2006 Fortification of Wheat Flour with Iron & Folic Acid (IFA) in AAY - Pilot project - Ahmedabad City

2006 Fortification of Wheat Flour with vitamins & multi micronutrients (9) under ICDS - Program expanded to tribal districts2007 Fortification of Wheat Flour with vitamins & multi micronutrients (9) under ICDS - all over the State2007 Fortification of Wheat Flour with Iron & Folic Acid (IFA) in AAY - Covered all municipal Corporations2007 Distribution of Nutri Candy under ICDS2008 Fortification of Wheat Flour with Iron & Folic Acid (IFA) in AAY - all over the State2008 Distribution of Iodised Salt under ICDS

2009Fortification of Wheat Flour with vitamins & multi micronutrients (9) under MDM - Pilot Project at Chanasma Taluka - Patan District

2009 Fortification of Wheat Flour with vitamins & multi micronutrients (9) under MDM - all over the State2009 Distribution of Nutri Candy under MDM2009 Distribution of Iodised Salt under AAY and BPL

2010Fortification of Wheat Flour with Iron & Folic Acid (IFA) & Toasted Defatted Soya Flour (TDSF) in AAY & BPL - all overthe State

2010 Fortification of Wheat Flour with vitamins & multi micronutrients (8) & TDSF under ICDS - all over the State2010 Fortification of Wheat Flour with vitamins & multi micronutrients (8) & TDSF under MDM - all over the State

TPDS - NORMS OF DISTRIBUTION & PRICE TPDS - NORMS OF DISTRIBUTION & PRICE Central

Issue Price

Cost Price Distribution Price

Rs./Kg Rs./Kg Rs./KgPerson Card

Wheat #19.000 2.00 3.00 2.00 Rice 16.000 3.00 4.06 3.00 Levy Sugar 0.500 13.50Palmolien* 1.000 42.25 32.00Wheat #13.000 4.15 5.34 2.00Wheat ( Sp.BPL)

4.000 4.15 5.34 5.40

Wheat (APL to BPL)

10.000 6.10 7.50 7.50

Rice 1.000 3.500 5.65 6.97 3.00 Rice (Sp.BPL) 4.500 5.65 6.97 7.00 Levy Sugar 0.500 13.50Palmolien* 1.000 42.25 32.00Wheat 0.000 10.000 6.10 7.50 7.50 Rice 1.000 8.30 10.00 10.00

* in 1 Ltr. & Quantum and Distribution Price are decided on month to month basis.

# In lieu of 19 Kgs. AAY wheat, 19 Kgs. Fortified Paustik atta (18 Kgs Wheat flour + 1 Kg Tosted Defatted Soya flour ) & in lieu of 13 Kgs BPL Wheat, 13 Kgs Fortified Paustik atta (12.500 Kgs Wheat flour + 0.500 Gms Tosted Defated Soya flour) is being distributed.

Distribution in KG Per

BPL

APL

Category

AAY

Item

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Fortification (Edible Oil)Fortification (Edible Oil)Strategy:Strategy:• Public – Private – Partnership (P-P-P) Model. Public – Private – Partnership (P-P-P) Model. • Discussions were held with the Oil & Oil Seed Discussions were held with the Oil & Oil Seed

Producing Millers' Associations and members of the Producing Millers' Associations and members of the Saurashtra Oil Mills Association (SOMA) for edible Saurashtra Oil Mills Association (SOMA) for edible oil fortification during October, 2005.oil fortification during October, 2005.

• Producers were educated about the procedure of Producers were educated about the procedure of mixing Vitamin A & D in edible oils, cost and mixing Vitamin A & D in edible oils, cost and testing. testing.

Method:Method:• 20 gram of Vitamin Premix is added into 1 MT of 20 gram of Vitamin Premix is added into 1 MT of

edible oil. The cost of fortification of 1 MT of edible edible oil. The cost of fortification of 1 MT of edible oil is currently Rs.100.oil is currently Rs.100.

• Ring Test is conducted with Antimoni Tricloride to Ring Test is conducted with Antimoni Tricloride to check the presence of vitamins into the fortified check the presence of vitamins into the fortified edible oil.edible oil.

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Fortification (Edible Oil)Fortification (Edible Oil)Implementation:Implementation:• At first, edible oil with Vitamin A & D was produced At first, edible oil with Vitamin A & D was produced

in two oil mills of Rajkot. After analyzing the in two oil mills of Rajkot. After analyzing the success of this venture, it was decided by the success of this venture, it was decided by the millers, producers and refineries to sell only millers, producers and refineries to sell only fortified edible oil from 01-02-2006.fortified edible oil from 01-02-2006.

• This does not only tackles the micronutrients This does not only tackles the micronutrients deficiency but also ensures sale of edible oil deficiency but also ensures sale of edible oil through packages and implementation of packing through packages and implementation of packing order.order.

• Ban on sale of loose edible oil.Ban on sale of loose edible oil.• The edible oil consumed under all Govt. schemes The edible oil consumed under all Govt. schemes

like PDS, MDM and ICDS is fortified with Vitamin A like PDS, MDM and ICDS is fortified with Vitamin A and D.and D.

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Fortified Edible Oil under TPDSFortified Edible Oil under TPDS

State Govt. creates buffer stock of edible oil almost every State Govt. creates buffer stock of edible oil almost every year for the distribution of the same mainly during year for the distribution of the same mainly during festival seasons. festival seasons.

Since last three years, Govt. of India is providing RBD Since last three years, Govt. of India is providing RBD Palmolien oil for PDS under the subsidised scheme and Palmolien oil for PDS under the subsidised scheme and allocating the same to the States for distribution under allocating the same to the States for distribution under TPDS.TPDS.

The quantity of The quantity of RBD Palmolien Oil enriched with Vitamin RBD Palmolien Oil enriched with Vitamin A and DA and D which is distributed to AAY and BPL cardholders which is distributed to AAY and BPL cardholders since 2006 is as follows:since 2006 is as follows:

YearYear Distribution(MT)Distribution(MT)

2006-072006-07 15001500

2007-082007-08 1200012000

2008-092008-09 1994219942

2009-102009-10 60006000

2010-112010-11 1195011950

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Fortified Edible Oil under MDM & Fortified Edible Oil under MDM & ICDSICDS• GSCSC procures fortified edible oil (Refined Cotton seed oil) for MDM GSCSC procures fortified edible oil (Refined Cotton seed oil) for MDM

& ICDS through e-tendering system for their requirement.& ICDS through e-tendering system for their requirement.• Refined Cottonseed Oil enriched with Vitamin A and D Refined Cottonseed Oil enriched with Vitamin A and D

distributed under MDM and ICDS since 2006 is as follows:distributed under MDM and ICDS since 2006 is as follows:

Qty.in 15Kg.Tins

Year2005-06 138800 800252006-07 469483 1895502007-08 566911 989002008-09 500971 932222009-10 220199 2133842010-11* 523455 47120*Up to Dec-10

MDM ICDS

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Fortification of Wheat flour with IFA Fortification of Wheat flour with IFA in in Open MarketOpen MarketStrategy:Strategy:• The project was initiated under the public-private partnership The project was initiated under the public-private partnership

and it was decided to implement food fortification in the open and it was decided to implement food fortification in the open market before it was introduced in the welfare schemes run market before it was introduced in the welfare schemes run by the Government.by the Government.

• Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs Department, Govt. of Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs Department, Govt. of Gujarat (FCS&CAD) conducted several rounds of meeting with Gujarat (FCS&CAD) conducted several rounds of meeting with the concerned industries and convinced the respective millers the concerned industries and convinced the respective millers for doing the needful and implementing the fortification for doing the needful and implementing the fortification process at their manufacturing facilities.process at their manufacturing facilities.

• The miller’s were also very willing to proceed with the project The miller’s were also very willing to proceed with the project as their corporate responsibility towards the society.as their corporate responsibility towards the society.

Method:Method:• The 1.5 gram premix of Iron (30 ppm) and Folic Acid (1.5 The 1.5 gram premix of Iron (30 ppm) and Folic Acid (1.5

ppm) is used for the fortification of 10 kg. wheat flour.ppm) is used for the fortification of 10 kg. wheat flour.• The approximate cost of the iron & folic acid fortification is The approximate cost of the iron & folic acid fortification is

Rs.10 / MT.Rs.10 / MT.• Presence of premix is tested with the spot test. Presence of premix is tested with the spot test.

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Fortification of Wheat flour Fortification of Wheat flour with IFA with IFA in Open Marketin Open Market

Implementation in Open Market:Implementation in Open Market:• Phase I: 34 Flour Miller members of GRFMA initiated the Phase I: 34 Flour Miller members of GRFMA initiated the

sale of iron and folic acid enriched flour in the market since sale of iron and folic acid enriched flour in the market since 1616thth of January 2006. of January 2006.

• Phase II: 50 odd Organized Atta Chakki Plants across the Phase II: 50 odd Organized Atta Chakki Plants across the state were clubbed in the project since March, 2006; Thus state were clubbed in the project since March, 2006; Thus increasing the reach of the fortified wheat flour.increasing the reach of the fortified wheat flour.

• Phase III: 1.5grms. of the iron and folic acid premix pouches Phase III: 1.5grms. of the iron and folic acid premix pouches were introduced in the market in order to encourage were introduced in the market in order to encourage fortification at the Nookad Chakki level as well as the house fortification at the Nookad Chakki level as well as the house holds which practiced grinding of wheat at their own holds which practiced grinding of wheat at their own places.places.

• Benefits :Benefits :– Fortified flour can curb the possibility of adulterated flour or Fortified flour can curb the possibility of adulterated flour or

wheat.wheat.– Availability of flour in proper packages with correct Availability of flour in proper packages with correct

measurements.measurements.– Accessibility of iron and folic acid to beneficiaries with effect Accessibility of iron and folic acid to beneficiaries with effect

on mental and physical development .on mental and physical development .

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Fortification of Wheat flour with Iron & Fortification of Wheat flour with Iron & Folic Acid (IFA) under Antyodaya Anna Folic Acid (IFA) under Antyodaya Anna Yojna (AAY)Yojna (AAY)Strategy:Strategy:• Pilot project with the help of Gujarat Roller Flour Millers Association Pilot project with the help of Gujarat Roller Flour Millers Association

(GRFMA) in Ahmedabad City.(GRFMA) in Ahmedabad City.• Barter System in the initial phase.Barter System in the initial phase.• Phasewise implementation.Phasewise implementation.

Method:Method:• Fortified Atta specifications as per PFA Fortified Atta specifications as per PFA • The 1.5 gram premix of Iron (30 ppm) and Folic Acid (1.5 ppm) is The 1.5 gram premix of Iron (30 ppm) and Folic Acid (1.5 ppm) is

used for the fortification of 10 kg. wheat flour.used for the fortification of 10 kg. wheat flour.• Presence of premix is tested with the spot test. Presence of premix is tested with the spot test. Implementation:Implementation:• The Govt. of Gujarat started distribution of fortified wheat flour in The Govt. of Gujarat started distribution of fortified wheat flour in

place of wheat in Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) from April, 2006 place of wheat in Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) from April, 2006 on experimental basis.on experimental basis.

• Initially the programme was stated only in Ahmedabad City, Initially the programme was stated only in Ahmedabad City, thereafter expanded to the major cities of Gujarat and thereafter expanded to the major cities of Gujarat and subsequently to the State. Till March-2010 all cardholders of AAY subsequently to the State. Till March-2010 all cardholders of AAY scheme were getting 16.7 kg. fortified wheat flour in HDPE bag in scheme were getting 16.7 kg. fortified wheat flour in HDPE bag in place of 19 kg. wheat. place of 19 kg. wheat.

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Fortification of Wheat flour with vitamins Fortification of Wheat flour with vitamins & multi micronutrients (9) under ICDS& multi micronutrients (9) under ICDSStrategy:Strategy:• As per GOI’s letter dated 31As per GOI’s letter dated 31stst March, 2006, nine micronutrients March, 2006, nine micronutrients

were to be added to the food provided by ICDS to accomplish the were to be added to the food provided by ICDS to accomplish the supply of 50% RDA to the beneficiaries. It was decided to provide supply of 50% RDA to the beneficiaries. It was decided to provide whole wheat flour fortified with 9 micronutrients in place of wheat. whole wheat flour fortified with 9 micronutrients in place of wheat.

• Pilot project and then Phasewise implementation.Pilot project and then Phasewise implementation.Method:Method:• Fortified Atta specifications as per PFA Fortified Atta specifications as per PFA • 9 micronutrients used for the fortification of wheat flour.9 micronutrients used for the fortification of wheat flour.• Presence of premix is tested with the spot test. Presence of premix is tested with the spot test. Implementation:Implementation:• A pilot project started on 21A pilot project started on 21stst June, 2006 in Daskroi Taluka of June, 2006 in Daskroi Taluka of

Ahmedabad District. Ahmedabad District. • The dosage of this particular premix is 14kg per metric ton of The dosage of this particular premix is 14kg per metric ton of

wheat flour.wheat flour.• The programme was expanded to tribal districts and then all over The programme was expanded to tribal districts and then all over

the State.the State.• As on date Fortified Wheat Flour is being distributed in all the As on date Fortified Wheat Flour is being distributed in all the

districts of the State and approx. 40000 Anganwadis are benefited.districts of the State and approx. 40000 Anganwadis are benefited.

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Fortification of Wheat flour vitamins & Fortification of Wheat flour vitamins & multi micronutrients (9) under MDMmulti micronutrients (9) under MDMStrategy:Strategy:

• Looking to the success in ICDS, it was decided to provide Looking to the success in ICDS, it was decided to provide whole wheat flour fortified with 9 micronutrients (like ICDS) whole wheat flour fortified with 9 micronutrients (like ICDS) in place of wheat. in place of wheat.

• Pilot project and then Phase wise implementation.Pilot project and then Phase wise implementation.Method:Method:• Fortified Atta specifications as per PFA Fortified Atta specifications as per PFA • 9 micronutrients used for the fortification of wheat flour.9 micronutrients used for the fortification of wheat flour.• Presence of premix is tested with the spot test. Presence of premix is tested with the spot test. Implementation:Implementation:

• A pilot project started during 2008 in Chanasma taluka of A pilot project started during 2008 in Chanasma taluka of Patan District. Patan District.

• The programme was expanded all over the state on 25The programme was expanded all over the state on 25thth September, 2009.September, 2009.

• As on date Fortified Wheat Flour is being distributed in all As on date Fortified Wheat Flour is being distributed in all the districts of the State and approx. 36000 MDM Centres the districts of the State and approx. 36000 MDM Centres are benefited.are benefited.

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Micronutrients (as per GOI guideline) Micronutrients (as per GOI guideline) used for fortification of Wheat Flour used for fortification of Wheat Flour under ICDS & MDMunder ICDS & MDM9 micronurients

31.01.068 micronurients

24.02.09

Particulars Unit Per 50 grams Per 50 grams

Calcium milligram 225.00 250.00

Iron milligram 7.50 7.50

Iodine microgram 50.00

Zinc milligram 5.00

Vitamin A microgram 200.00 150.00

Riboflavin milligram 0.50 0.33

Ascorbic Acid/ Vit.C milligram 20.00 10.00

Folic acid microgram 20.00 50.00

Vitamin B12 microgram 0.50

Thayamin miligram 0.30

Niyacin miligram 3.50

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The need - Fortification of Wheat Flour The need - Fortification of Wheat Flour with Soya Flourwith Soya Flour• As Gujarat is a predominantly vegetarian state, TDSF fortification is As Gujarat is a predominantly vegetarian state, TDSF fortification is

expected expected to provide good quality and easily digestible proteins in the to provide good quality and easily digestible proteins in the basic diet and reduce protein deficiencybasic diet and reduce protein deficiency

• Main beneficiary categories of the Soya Flour fortified scheme are Main beneficiary categories of the Soya Flour fortified scheme are expected to be 0-6 children, Children in schools under MDM, expected to be 0-6 children, Children in schools under MDM, adolescent girls, pregnant and nursing mothers and the agedadolescent girls, pregnant and nursing mothers and the aged

• Fortification with TDSF is from 5% to the extent of 10% on weight basis Fortification with TDSF is from 5% to the extent of 10% on weight basis in addition to iron and folic acid / multi micronutrients fortificationin addition to iron and folic acid / multi micronutrients fortification

• The amended PFA Act permits fortification upto 10%.The amended PFA Act permits fortification upto 10%.

• The expected benefit of the programme will be increase in body mass The expected benefit of the programme will be increase in body mass

and ensure better growth of the target groups and improve general and ensure better growth of the target groups and improve general health and reduce morbidityhealth and reduce morbidity

• The approximate cost of Soya Fortification (addition of 5% Toasted The approximate cost of Soya Fortification (addition of 5% Toasted Defatted Soya Flour) is Rs.1500 per MT.Defatted Soya Flour) is Rs.1500 per MT.

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Nutritional Content Nutritional Content of Defatted Soya flourof Defatted Soya flour

• Soya Flour contains about 48% protein.Soya Flour contains about 48% protein.• Generally, Whole Wheat Flour contain 11.5% protein. Generally, Whole Wheat Flour contain 11.5% protein.

Adding 10% of Soya flour, the protein content of the Adding 10% of Soya flour, the protein content of the atta increases to 17.00%. atta increases to 17.00%.

• Simple ground Soya flour is not easily digestible and Simple ground Soya flour is not easily digestible and so Soya flour which is defatted and roasted is used.so Soya flour which is defatted and roasted is used.

• The Soya contains necessary ingredients for good The Soya contains necessary ingredients for good nutrition, such as total protein, carbohydrate, fat, nutrition, such as total protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamin and minerals.vitamin and minerals.

• Soya protein prevents cancer, reduces cholesterol, Soya protein prevents cancer, reduces cholesterol, prevents bones diseases, and in the case of women, prevents bones diseases, and in the case of women, the periods become regular. Thus Soya protein is very the periods become regular. Thus Soya protein is very useful element for health.useful element for health.

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Comparison of Composition of Whole Comparison of Composition of Whole Wheat Atta and Soya Fortified Atta Wheat Atta and Soya Fortified Atta (per 100gms)(per 100gms)

Particulars Particulars Whole Wheat Whole Wheat Flour Flour

(WWF )(WWF )

Soya fortified Soya fortified WWFWWF

Protein g Protein g 11.5 11.5 17 17

Fat g Fat g 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8

Ash g Ash g 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.2

Carbohydrate g Carbohydrate g 73 73 69 69

Fiber g Fiber g 12.2 12.2 12.7 12.7

Calcium mg Calcium mg 34 34 55 55

Iron mg Iron mg 4 4 4.5 4.5

Phosphorus mg Phosphorus mg 346 346 380 380

Zinc mg Zinc mg 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9

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Distribution of “Soya Fortified Wheat Distribution of “Soya Fortified Wheat Flour (SFWF)” in the AAY & BPL Flour (SFWF)” in the AAY & BPL SchemesSchemes• Gujarat Government announced distribution of Gujarat Government announced distribution of

“Soya Fortified Whole Wheat Flour” under AAY, “Soya Fortified Whole Wheat Flour” under AAY, BPL, ICDS and MDM as a BPL, ICDS and MDM as a Golden GoalGolden Goal (Swarnim (Swarnim Siddhi)Siddhi) for Golden Jubilee Year of Gujarat and for Golden Jubilee Year of Gujarat and has started distribution of the same in place of has started distribution of the same in place of wheat from wheat from April-2010 April-2010 in AAY & BPL Schemes.in AAY & BPL Schemes.

Scheme Fortified Wheat

Flour [Kg]

Addition of

Toasted De-fated

Soya Flour [Kg]

Soya Fortified

Wheat Flour

bag [Kg]

Distribution Rate Per Bag

Rs.

Antyoday 18.000 1.000 19.000 38.00B.P.L. 12.500 0.500 13.000 26.00

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Distribution of SFWF - in ICDS & Distribution of SFWF - in ICDS & MDMMDM• ““Soya Fortified Wheat Flour” distribution by adding Soya Fortified Wheat Flour” distribution by adding

Toasted De-fatted Soya Flour (5% in ICDS & 10% in MDM) Toasted De-fatted Soya Flour (5% in ICDS & 10% in MDM) to the fortified wheat flour containing 8 micronutrients, to the fortified wheat flour containing 8 micronutrients, from 2010 as part of Golden Goals Programme (Swarnim from 2010 as part of Golden Goals Programme (Swarnim Siddhi). Expenditure approx Rs.14 Crores per annum.Siddhi). Expenditure approx Rs.14 Crores per annum.

Distribution of Fortified Atta (in MT)

Year TPDS ICDS MDM2006-07 1702007-08 9784 117192008-09 142270 229202009-10 155076 47428 265702010-11* (upto Dec-10) 399203 15243 28905* with TDSF

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““Soya Fortified Wheat Flour” – Soya Fortified Wheat Flour” – Programme implementationProgramme implementationChallenges:Challenges:• Limited flour production capacity in the StateLimited flour production capacity in the State• 45 days’ shelf-life of the flour45 days’ shelf-life of the flour• Maintaining the qualityMaintaining the quality• Transportation arrangement of wheat and the flour prepared etc.Transportation arrangement of wheat and the flour prepared etc.• Shortage of required quality of Toasted Defatted Soya flour (TDSF)Shortage of required quality of Toasted Defatted Soya flour (TDSF)• Reaching out to benificiaries in very short periodReaching out to benificiaries in very short period• Need for more storage capacity Need for more storage capacity • Lack of awarenessLack of awareness

Steps to face Challenges:Steps to face Challenges:• Encouraging mills to participate Encouraging mills to participate • Introduction of laminated HDPE bags for packingIntroduction of laminated HDPE bags for packing• Process line Quality Monitoring and third party testingProcess line Quality Monitoring and third party testing• National level publicity for the purchase of TDSFNational level publicity for the purchase of TDSF• Development of Integrated Management Information System (as part Development of Integrated Management Information System (as part

of computerisation)of computerisation)• Study & base line survey on “Food Fortification” by third party Study & base line survey on “Food Fortification” by third party

expert agencyexpert agency• IEC Campaign to raise awarenessIEC Campaign to raise awareness

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Distribution of Iodised salt for Distribution of Iodised salt for Nutritional Security – ITDP, PDS & ICDSNutritional Security – ITDP, PDS & ICDS• This programme is expected to address the problem of

iodine deficiency, which would lead to • reduction in still births and abortions, • low birth weight babies and • most importantly, prevention of irreversible damage to

nervous tissues which leads to deaf and dumb children at birth and mental retardation in pregnant women and in children

• Improves work and scholastic performance• Under the ‘Tribal Sub-Plan' of the State Govt., GSCSC

purchases Iodised Salt and distributes through FPS (and Hospital/ Student Hostels) at subsidised rate to ration card holders in 12 tribal districts namely Banaskantha, Sabarkantha, Dangs, Vadodara, Panchmahals, Dahod, Bharuch, Narmada, Surat, Tapi, Valsad and Navsari

• The supply (for ITDP & PDS) is at subsidized rate of Rs 1.00 per kg, involving a subsidy of Rs 1.46 per kg which is borne entirely by the State Govt. The supply under PDS has been started from Oct-09.

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Iodised salt under ITDP, PDS & ICDS for Iodised salt under ITDP, PDS & ICDS for Nutritional SecurityNutritional Security

Year QTY( In MT) Amount(Rs. in Lakhs)2009-2010 5987.50 160.572010-2011* 9703.00 247.72* Up to Dec-10

Distribution under PDS

Year QTY( In MT) Amount(Rs. in Lakhs)2008-2009 5548 123.552009-2010 6596 165.972010-2011* 4588 117.30* Up to Dec-10

Distribution under ITDP

Year QTY( In MT) Amount(Rs. in Lakhs)2007-2008# 4417.60 88.352008-2009 4084.00 85.452009-2010 1099.40 27.512010-2011* 4304.80 101.12* Up to Dec-10

Distribution under ICDS

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Distribution of Nutri Candy under ICDS & Distribution of Nutri Candy under ICDS & MDM MDM

• GSCSC is also providing Balbhog Nutri-Candy to ICDS GSCSC is also providing Balbhog Nutri-Candy to ICDS and MDM. The micronutrients used are as follows:and MDM. The micronutrients used are as follows:

Balbhog Nutri

Candy Micronutrients Iron (mg) 7 Vitamin A (ug) 99 Ascorbic acid (mg)/Vitamin C 10 Folic Acid (ug) 15

Distribution figures are as follows:ICDS

Balbhog Nutri-Candy

MDM Balbhog

Nutri-Candy

Yearin Crores

Piecein Crores

Piece

2007-08 21.852008-09 12.762009-10 34.31 2.362010-11* 18.70 0.79*Upto Dec-10

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State Budget for Fortified Items in State Budget for Fortified Items in TPDSTPDS – Year 2010-11 – Year 2010-11 (in Rs crores)(in Rs crores)

• AAY/BPL - Iron, Folic Acid & Soya Fortification - Rs. AAY/BPL - Iron, Folic Acid & Soya Fortification - Rs. 257.00257.00

• Edible Oil – Fortification Edible Oil – Fortification - Rs. - Rs. 33.0033.00

• Salt - Fortification Salt - Fortification - Rs. - Rs. 6.166.16

• TotalTotal - Rs 296.16 - Rs 296.16

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Steps to improve programme Steps to improve programme implementation implementation

• After roll out and implementation of food fortification After roll out and implementation of food fortification programme in welfare schemes, GSCSC took following steps programme in welfare schemes, GSCSC took following steps to improve the programme implementation:to improve the programme implementation:– National Seminar on Nutrition and Food Fortification in March, National Seminar on Nutrition and Food Fortification in March,

20072007– Assignment to CFTRI, Mysore to suggest steps to maintain quality Assignment to CFTRI, Mysore to suggest steps to maintain quality

and enhance shelf life of fortified attaand enhance shelf life of fortified atta• Max. Moisture level is now only 10%Max. Moisture level is now only 10%• Atta is distributed in Laminated HDPE bagsAtta is distributed in Laminated HDPE bags

– E-Tendering to award work of grinding and fortification to millers E-Tendering to award work of grinding and fortification to millers (to have competition, to reduce cost and to imphasis on (to have competition, to reduce cost and to imphasis on responsibility and accountability through penalty clauses)responsibility and accountability through penalty clauses)

– Posting of responsible officer from GSCSC at participating mills to Posting of responsible officer from GSCSC at participating mills to monitor the whole fortification assignment and record keeping. monitor the whole fortification assignment and record keeping.

– Mills are not allowed to carry out private work while work of Mills are not allowed to carry out private work while work of welfare schemes is going on.welfare schemes is going on.

– Appointment of qualified third party agency for sampling and Appointment of qualified third party agency for sampling and testingtesting

– Appointment of qualified third party agency for base line survey Appointment of qualified third party agency for base line survey and evaluation of the programme.and evaluation of the programme.

Monitoring of Nutritional Security Monitoring of Nutritional Security InitiativesInitiatives

• The Department has taken two pronged approach to monitor and evaluate the impact of the various nutritional security initiatives

• Firstly, the GSCSC carries out inhouse sampling and primary testing of the fortified flour, i.e Moisture Sieve and spot test indicative presence of Iron (Fe).

• Secondly, independent third party quality testing agencies are also appointed to test the quality of the fortified products.

• Overall schematic evaluation/ impact assessment has also started through third party agencies on both concurrent basis and also periodical basis

• IT Solution is under development for overall monitoring of various schemes.

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Hon. Js. Wadhwa Committee Hon. Js. Wadhwa Committee ReportReportIntroduction of Fortified Atta (Wheat Flour) In The Public Distribution System:Introduction of Fortified Atta (Wheat Flour) In The Public Distribution System:

““The Committee is of the considered view that fortified atta along with wheat The Committee is of the considered view that fortified atta along with wheat should be made available through PDS outlets which would immensely should be made available through PDS outlets which would immensely benefit the vulnerable sections of society and increase off take by consumers benefit the vulnerable sections of society and increase off take by consumers of PDS food grains. Even today, persons without BPL ration cards, despite of PDS food grains. Even today, persons without BPL ration cards, despite being eligible for the same and other persons with BPL ration cards are being eligible for the same and other persons with BPL ration cards are purchasing wheat flour from the open market as a matter of convenience purchasing wheat flour from the open market as a matter of convenience and to save on the time and cost involved in grinding of wheat into flour. and to save on the time and cost involved in grinding of wheat into flour. The system of distribution of wheat flout is in vogue in the district of The system of distribution of wheat flout is in vogue in the district of Darjeeling where enriched wheat flour is given @Rs. 6.80 per kg. costs Darjeeling where enriched wheat flour is given @Rs. 6.80 per kg. costs anything up to Rs. 150 and therefore, it should be possible to price a packet anything up to Rs. 150 and therefore, it should be possible to price a packet of fortified 5kg. or 10kg wheat flour at a much lower price which may be any of fortified 5kg. or 10kg wheat flour at a much lower price which may be any price between Rs.7 and Rs.8 per kg. This will definitely be much less than price between Rs.7 and Rs.8 per kg. This will definitely be much less than what may be available through the open market. The advantage would far what may be available through the open market. The advantage would far outweigh a somewhat increased price that may have to be paid. At least, outweigh a somewhat increased price that may have to be paid. At least, providing this option to the vulnerable section of the society though the PDS providing this option to the vulnerable section of the society though the PDS network will be a step in the right direction.network will be a step in the right direction.

The committee has also suggested modalities for operationalising this The committee has also suggested modalities for operationalising this innovative step in the main chapter dealing with this subject.innovative step in the main chapter dealing with this subject.

Fortified atta would also improve the general health of the vulnerable Fortified atta would also improve the general health of the vulnerable sections and reduce instances of Vitamin A deficiency and iron deficiency sections and reduce instances of Vitamin A deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. It has also been suggested that general instructions may be given anemia. It has also been suggested that general instructions may be given to sell only fortified atta both under the PDS as well as the open market as to sell only fortified atta both under the PDS as well as the open market as this will make implementation easier and prevent diversion”this will make implementation easier and prevent diversion”

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IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIESIMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES

• Impact assessment studies on food fortification initiative in Gujarat were conducted by third party independent agency.

Study-I• GRFMA initiated a study program to evaluate the effects of

consuming wheat flour fortified with 30ppm iron and 1.5ppm folic acid; on a regular bases for a period of 1 year.

• 20 sports people from different sports as well as different financial background were chosen from Sports Authority of Gujarat.

• The results of the same were very encouraging for all the parties involved in the project of fighting malnutrition.

• It was found that the average Hemoglobin of the sample unit was 10.4gm% which rose to 12.19gm% after the consumption of FWF for a period of three months.

• At the conclusion of the third test the average Hb level was 12.6gm%.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIESSTUDIES

Study-II:Study-II:• The second study was conducted by Block Head The second study was conducted by Block Head

Officer, Government of Gujarat; on behalf of Dept. Officer, Government of Gujarat; on behalf of Dept. of Women and Child Welfare.of Women and Child Welfare.

• Block Deskroi’s 16 Anganwadis were supplied Block Deskroi’s 16 Anganwadis were supplied with Fortified Atta with 9 micronutrients.with Fortified Atta with 9 micronutrients.

• An Hb test was conducted on 602 beneficiaries An Hb test was conducted on 602 beneficiaries consisting of children, adolescent girls, lactating consisting of children, adolescent girls, lactating and pregnant women coming to the Anganwadis.and pregnant women coming to the Anganwadis.

• The second test showed 505(84%) people The second test showed 505(84%) people benefiting from the consumption of FWWF. benefiting from the consumption of FWWF. 51(8%) people showed a constant Hb level and 51(8%) people showed a constant Hb level and 46(8%) showed a fall in their Hb levels46(8%) showed a fall in their Hb levels..

Study-III: Baseline SurveyStudy-III: Baseline SurveyUse of PDS ServiceUse of PDS Service

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• For Wheat Atta, BPL and AAY population depend on PDS to the extent of 72% and 79% respectively

• For Wheat and rice the dependency is upto 63% and 73% respectively

• Iodine is one of the major micronutrient highly deficient in hilly tribal zone , seriously affecting nutrition status of mother and children

• It is also important to mention that Iodised salt is sold at highly subsidized rate at Rs.1/kg in PDS and needs boost at shop and consumer level

Commodities APL BPL AAY

Wheat 14 66 60Rice 13 73 73Jowar 1 13 7Bajri 5 25 29Maize 1 11 7Atta-Wheat 12 72 79Atta-Jowar 7 29 35Atta-Bajri 1 5 0Atta-Maize 0 1 2Tur 1 3 3Iodised Salt 7 41 38Oil 5 32 33Sugar 11 66 65Kerosene 94 96 93Pooled 17 51 50

Stydy-III: Baseline Survey- SStydy-III: Baseline Survey- Summaryummary• The baseline study reveals that the prevalence of undernutrition

and malnutrition in the indicator population group is high

• Utilization of ICDS supplement is high

• Utilization of FPS for Atta is high (72-79%)

• SFWA through FPS is a potential intervention that can improve the nutritional status of the vulnerable population. However there is lack of knowledge and awareness about benefits of SFWA

• A focus on logistics plan and sale of subsidized Iodized salt will reinforce the overall malnutrition prevention initiative

• Needs Intensive and Extensive IEC support to improve community awareness about benefits of SFWA for increased acceptability and use

• IEC / BCC support to improve hygiene and sanitation practices and increased utilisation of government health promotion

Apr 19, 2023 39

Factors for SuccessFactors for Success

• Dedicated and clear leadership of the programme Dedicated and clear leadership of the programme • Part of the Golden Goals (Swarnim Siddhi) of the Part of the Golden Goals (Swarnim Siddhi) of the

StateState• Public Private Partnership (PPP) which is now being Public Private Partnership (PPP) which is now being

extended to Public Private Community Partnership extended to Public Private Community Partnership (PPCP) mode(PPCP) mode

• Regular interaction & consultations with stake Regular interaction & consultations with stake holders at all levelsholders at all levels

• Integriting programme delivery to all other delivery Integriting programme delivery to all other delivery systemssystems

• Striving for constant improvement with planned Striving for constant improvement with planned stage wise progressionstage wise progression

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ConclusionConclusion• It was experienced that legislative sanction was It was experienced that legislative sanction was

not crucial but administrative /stake holder’s not crucial but administrative /stake holder’s involvement and commitments made the project involvement and commitments made the project successful.successful.

• Peoples participation, motivation and awareness Peoples participation, motivation and awareness are continuously needed.are continuously needed.

• Costs are marginal and incidentalCosts are marginal and incidental

• Integration of logistics, training of people, Integration of logistics, training of people,

motivation, monitoring etc. are equally important.motivation, monitoring etc. are equally important.

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ThanksThanks