1. Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback mechanisms

2. Give and example of each type of mechanism and explain how each works for that example

When navigating the body, directional terms help

determine the exact location of a structure

All directional terms are based on the body being in the “anatomical position”• Facing forward• Palms outward

Superior/inferior (cranial/caudal) Anterior/posterior (ventral/dorsal) Medial/lateral Proximal/distal (usually used with

reference to the limbs) Superficial/deep

1. The knees are __________ to the thighs

2. Your eyebrows are _________ to your nose

3. Your diaphragm is __________ to your stomach

4. Your elbows are ____________ to the wrists

Imaginary lines used to section the body and its organs

These lines run longitudinally, horizontally, and on an angle

median/sagittal • cuts body in half• if not median, can still be sagittal

frontal (coronal) • cuts the body into front and back halves

Transverse• Cut in half at the stomach

Oblique• Angular cut

1. A mad slasher has a machete and slices you into two parts – front and back – what type of cut was it.

2. You are cutting vegetables cut your finger diagonally – what type of cut was it?

3. Describe a sagittal cut

1. Describe the anatomical position2. What word can be used instead of

cranial?3. What word would you use to

describe your skin to your muscles? What about your muscles to your skin?

4. What is the another word for ventral?

a

b

cd

e

Front

Spaces within the body that contain the internal organs

There are 7 cavities – two are closed and 5 are open

1. The dorsal cavity- Located in the posterior region of

the body- Contains two smaller cavities Cranial cavity – contains the brain Vertebral cavity – contains the

spinal cord

2. The ventral cavity- Located in the anterior region of the trunk- Contains two smaller cavities separated by the

diaphragm

Thoracic cavity – separated into two compartments by the medisternum which contains the aorta, esophagus, trachea, thymus Pleural cavities – the spaces surrounding each lung Pericardial cavity – the space in which the heart is located

Abdominopelvic cavity - Large abdominal cavity – the space that contains the stomach,

liver, spleen, gall bladder, kidney, and most of the large and small intestine

- The pelvic cavity – the space that contains the terminal part of the large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

In what cavity would you find the spinal cord?

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

1. Oral cavity – teeth and tongue2. Nasal cavity – nose and sinuses3. Orbital cavities – eyes4. Middle ear cavities5. Synovial cavities – houses joints

Designated for specific body areas that have a special nerve or vascular supply or those that perform a special function

The most widely used terms are those that designate regions in the abdomen

1. Umbilical region2. Epigastric region3. Hypogastric region4. Right/left iliac regions (a.k.a.

inguinal)5. Right/left lumbar regions6. Right/left hypochondriac regions

1. Umbilical region - Small intestine

2. Epigastric region- liver, diaphragm, transverse colon of

large intestine, and stomach

3. Hypogastric region- appendix, bladder, small intestine

4. Right iliac region- Cecum and ascending colon of the

large intestine

5. Right lumbar region- Ascending colon

6. Right hypochondriac region- Gall bladder, liver, diaphragm, and

transverse colon

7. Left iliac region- Initial part of the sigmoid colon

8. Left lumbar region- Descending colon

9. Left hypochondriac region- stomach, diaphragm, transverse

colon, start of the descending colon

There are four major quadrants:1. Right upper quadrant (RUQ)2. Left upper quadrant (LUQ)3. Right lower quadrant (RLQ)4. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Label each section of the abdonminpelvic area

A

IHJ

GCF

DB

1. In what region(s) would I find my transverse colon?

2. Suzy goes to the hospital with appendicitis. What part of her abdomen will they have to cut?

3. Billy the bully gets punched in the umbilical section of his abdomen. What organ(s) are at risk for injury?

1.

2.

3.

1. Of the 9 abdominopelvic regions, what 4 would be found or partially found in the left upper quadrant?

2. The spinal cord is ____________ to the esophagus

3. The larynx is _____________ to the trachea4. Tommy is cutting down a tree with a

chain saw – it slips and cuts off his arm. What type of cut is this?

Give the anatomical name for the following areas:1. The cheek2. The chest3. The armpit4. The kneecap5. The thigh6. The lower back